RU2261362C2 - Aerothermodynamic wind power-generating plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wind power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: proposed wind power-generating plant contains generator, turbine, extensible annular wing with "de-Laval" inner surface being carrying element and furnished with feather surface, carrying radial brackets, generator cabin with streamlined outer surface with inner carrying structure for generator supports and support of turbine, intake fixed cone, radial brackets, intake annular wing supports mast, rotary stand with current collectors for communication between generator cabin and support mast. Profile of intake annular wing is made in pair with extensible annular wing.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of wind power-generating plant, its reliability, simplified design, facilitated operation and servicing.

4 cl, 8 dwg

Description

This invention relates to energy and is an aerothermodynamic wind energy installation ATVU (ATWT - AeroThermodynamic Wind Turbine), designed to convert the kinetic energy of the wind, including with a significant turbulent component, into electrical energy. Designed for use in industry, urban and rural utilities, etc. (as part of wind farms or individual installations).

Wind power plants (wind turbines) are known that convert wind energy to produce mechanical or electrical energy, in which a screw (wind wheel), Darier rotor, etc. are used as a working element. The disadvantages of their design include large overall dimensions, the instability of dynamic loads, leading to instability of the parameters of the generated electric current, which leads to the need for special stabilizing devices.

In addition, the practice of using a large number of wind generators as part of wind farms shows that the noise field created by such installations is hazardous to human health, since its frequency is in the infrasonic range (4-7 Hz), which is unacceptable by environmental standards.

At present, a rotor-type wind power installation is known and more efficient, in technical design and essential features closest to the presented invention, which is adopted as a prototype, namely, RU 2124142 C1, 12/27/1998, cl. 6 F 03 D 1/04, containing a power unit mounted on a support, with a nozzle device and two or more turbines mechanically connected to the generator, with a streamlined shell with wings filled with gas, the density of which is less than the density of the atmosphere, made with the possibility of movement to change the cross section adjacent channels. The main disadvantages of the prototype are: design complexity, low reliability, high installation cost.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency (efficiency) of a wind power installation, simplicity of design, ensuring high reliability, reducing noise, ease of operation and maintenance, relatively low manufacturing cost.

The technical result of the invention is ensured by the use of light and cheap materials, simplicity of manufacturing technology, accessibility to rotating units, and the use of a minimum of control automation.

The aerothermodynamic wind power installation consists of a generator mechanically connected to the turbine, an exhaust ring wing with an internal surface made along the De Laval profile, which is the bearing element of the installation and equipped with a weather vane, providing orientation in the wind, bearing radial brackets for mounting the generator, cab generator with a streamlined outer surface and with an internal supporting structure for generator supports and turbine bearings, fixed input cone, closing the turbine rotor, radial brackets carrying the inlet cone, the inlet annular wing, which has a closed loop for rotating the turbine rotor, the mounting mast of the installation and the rotary stand with current collectors, which communicates between the generator cabin and the supporting mast, and the profile of the inlet ring wing is paired with exhaust ring wing. The weathervane surface contains a wind speed sensor and a signal light, the inlet cone is a streamlined conical surface made of glass plastic, and the turbine rotor blades are made of polymers or fiberglass. The generator cabin is connected by a pipe passage to a rotary stand for access to rotating units. The support mast is made in the form of a cylindrical metal structure, mounted on anchors of a concrete foundation and having an internal staircase for a rotary stand, cable lines and lighting.

The presented invention is illustrated by the drawings.

Figure 1 shows an aerodynamic wind power installation, a General view.

Figure 2 - view a of Figure 1

Figure 3 is a view B of Figure 1, a schematic diagram of the installation device. View A - profile of the leading edge of the exhaust annular wing. Type B - jack visor of the exhaust annular wing.

Figure 4 shows the aerodynamic diagram of the installation device.

Figure 5 shows a diagram of the orientation of the installation in the wind.

Figure 6 shows a diagram of the aerodynamic action on the disk of the turbine installation.

7 shows a diagram of the suppression of turbulence of air flows in the installation.

On Fig shows a disposition (layout) installation diagram.

The aerothermodynamic wind power installation consists of an exhaust ring wing 5 with a weather vane 1, an inlet ring wing 10, a turbine 9, a power generator mechanically connected to it, enclosed in a streamlined cabin 4, a stationary inlet cone 8, fixed by supporting radial brackets 7 to the inlet ring wing 10 and an exhaust ring wing 5, fixed by means of a rotary stand with current collectors 11 on the supporting mast 12.

The exhaust ring wing 5 has the following design features:

- The inner surface of the exhaust ring wing 5 is made according to the profile "De Laval" (see Bojan Kraut "STROJARSKI PRIRUČNIK", TEHNIČKA KNIGA, ZAGREB, 1988, p 201). Wing material - any lightweight aerodynamic coating (aluminum alloys, fiberglass, etc.) with honeycomb or mineral wool filling.

- The front edge 6 of the exhaust ring wing 5 has a profile that creates an input toroidal (ring) air vortex 13, which further increases the mass flow of air 16 through the turbine 9.

- Along the perimeter of the output edge of the exhaust annular wing 5 there is an external annular bump visor 2, creating an output toroidal (annular) air vortex 15, which additionally accelerates the air flow 18.

The weathervane surface 1 provides, without the use of additional mechanisms and devices, the installation orientation in the wind along the rotation axis 20. The weathervane surface 1 is equipped with a wind speed sensor, a lightning rod device and a signal lamp.

In the generator cabin 4 with a streamlined outer surface and an internal supporting structure for mounting the turbine and generator, access is provided for inspection and repair.

Bearing radial brackets 7 of the input annular wing 10, as well as bearing radial brackets 3 of the fastening of the input cone 8 and the generator cab 4 are made according to the type of structural elements used in aircraft construction.

The turbine 9 is located inside the inlet annular wing 10, in its rear part, where the air stream 18 has a maximum density and speed, which ensures maximum efficiency

The principle of operation of the installation.

The air stream 16, moving along the axis of the installation, oriented in the wind due to the weathervane surface 1 of the exhaust ring wing 5, enters the turbine 9, causing it to rotate. The generator 4, mounted on the same axis with the turbine 9, generates an electric current, which is removed through the current collectors of the rotary stand 11.

To increase the efficiency of the installation, the following design features are provided.

1. Due to the profile of the leading edge of the exhaust ring wing 5, which creates a toroidal (annular) air vortex 13 at the inlet, a convergent incident air stream 17 is created at the inlet of the turbine 9, due to which the mass flow of air to the turbine 9 increases.

2. The shape of the inlet annular wing 10 and its position in the installation with an annular gap 14 allows you to suppress the turbulence of the inlet air flow 19 and direct it to the blades of the turbine 9.

3. The shape of the inner surface of the exhaust annular wing 5, made according to the profile of “De Laval”, helps to create a rarefaction zone in the rear of the installation 18, behind the turbine 9, which significantly increases the speed of the air flow on the turbine.

4. The annular bump visor 2 creates an output toroidal (annular) air vortex 15, accelerating the speed of the air flow, creating additional vacuum in the air flow 18 behind the turbine 9.

Due to the listed design features of the proposed installation, gusty and turbulent air flow 19 inside the installation is stabilized and in the working area of the turbine becomes laminar and with an increase in pressure, maximum in speed and density, which increases the efficiency of the installation and the stability of power generation.

Theoretical basis

Near-surface wind flows have a pronounced velocity profile depending on the height and significant turbulent component, depending on the local topography, buildings and vegetation. Moving air masses have high energy (kinetic, thermodynamic and barometric) kW / m ³ [1]

E _Σ is the total energy of the air flow [kW / m ³ ],

E _k - kinetic energy of the air flow = ρ (ν ^2/2),

E _t - thermodynamic energy of the air flow = i (enthalpy),

E _in - barometric energy of the air flow = RT = pV.

Therefore, wind energy depends on the state of air masses [2]:

ρ is the density of air,

ν is the air velocity,

T is the air temperature

p is the barometric pressure.

The specific energy e _Σ = f (ρ, ν, Т, р) [kW / kg].

By using an aerodynamic installation (turbine), it is possible to utilize the energy contained in the wind in a complex manner.

The turbine receives all the transformed wind energy in the installation. The following changes in the state of the incident wind occur in the installation:

1. The increase in speed Δν _w at the entrance to the turbine 21 due to:

- convergence of the annular wing 10 and the reduction of the flow section due to the inlet cone 8;

- convergence of incoming air flow under the action of the suction rotor 13.

2. The pressure increase 16 Δph at the entrance to the turbine 9 due to:

- obstacles to the air stream from the side of the turbine disk 9;

- repayment ΔpW of vortex movements in the annular gap between the inlet annular wing 10 and the inlet cone 8.

3. Increases efficiency turbines due to its operation in a closed loop (annular clearance) without inductive resistance.

4. Behind the turbine disk 9, a vacuum ΔpV 23 is created due to:

- suction action of the air stream ΔpV1 18;

- additional acceleration of the air stream ΔpV2 in the profile of "De Laval";

- the suction action of the aerodynamic generator ΔpV3 15 at the outlet of the exhaust ring wing 5, further accelerating the air flow 18;

- a drop in the partial pressure of water vapor in the air as a result of condensation occurring during adiabatic expansion through the ΔpV4 turbine (ejector cooling) in the case of going beyond the limits of condensation.

5. The occurrence of an aerodynamic moment orienting the installation downwind on surfaces:

- frontal section of the input annular wing 10 + MI;

- the outer surface of the exhaust annular wing 5 - MII;

- vane surface 1 - MIII.

Wherein:

M _II + M _III > M _I (the opposite direction of action is balanced)

M = f (α), at α = 0 ° the equilibrium state, and there are no aerodynamic moments.

- The force realized on the turbine [3]:

Δp _h is the additional pressure of the free flow on the turbine disk,

Δp _v - additional discharge of the air flow behind the turbine disk,

And [n ² ] is the surface section of the input annular wing,

- скорость ветра,

- wind speed,

Δp _h [N / m ² ] is the design function of the installation,

Δp _v [N / m ² ] is the design function of the installation,

η - efficiency

η _ATWT [%] is significantly higher> η _{wind turbines of a} classical helical wind turbine due to synergistic actions:

- convergence of air flow;

- repayment of turbulent flows;

- increase in the volume of incoming air;

- actions of the front aerodynamic generator;

- actions of the rear aerodynamic generator;

- turbine operation in a closed loop;

- composite ΔpV due to the partial pressure of water vapor;

- ejector (pulling) effect on the back of the turbine;

- the turbine has a higher efficiency than a screw.

тогда действительно [4]:Since the total η _ATWT [%] of the installation is a function of the wind speed acting on the installation

then really [4]:

or

where a wind turbine is a classic screw type wind turbine. According to classical aerodynamic calculations in the field of ordinary winds 4 ÷ 6 [m / s]:

which by itself proves the advantage of the installation over the classical wind turbines of the screw type.

The installation is subject to wind loads at a given height, which is determined by the distance of the axis of rotation of the turbine from the soil horizon at which the installation is erected. Since the installation is able to damp and utilize the turbulence of wind flows, it is not very demanding in terms of installation height, and its smaller rotational diameter does not determine this. The only requirement for installation height is that it is sufficient to access intense air jets, without requiring that these flows be laminar.

Due to the special profile 6 of the leading edge of the exhaust ring wing 5, which creates the inlet toroidal air vortex 13, a convergent incident wind stream 21 is formed at the turbine inlet 9, due to which the mass flow of air increases, which distinguishes the installation from classical screw-type installations: [7]

D _i - the diameter of the front (input) part of the exhaust annular wing,

ρ is the density of air,

To _to - the convergence coefficient of the wind stream:

K _k = f (V _w ); K _k > 1 (see [6]).

The increased mass air flow 17 is utilized on the turbine 9 due to the exhaust (ejector) action of the exhaust ring wing 5. The increased mass air flow increases energy efficiency, and also provides an increase in pressure 22 in front of the turbine disk 9.

The air stream in the annular gap between the two annular profiles 14 is accelerated and a vacuum zone 23 is created behind the turbine disk 9, which creates an additional moment on the turbine shaft and absorbs the increased (converged) air stream 17 at the entrance to the inlet ring wing 10. Thus, the passage of air flow through the turbine without turbulent turbulence inhibiting the air flow, and then Δp _h [2] = max, which ensures the maximum load of the turbine.

The outgoing air stream is primarily accelerated in the annular gap 14, then continues to accelerate due to the internal profile of the exhaust ring wing 5 (De Laval), smoothing out the turbulence and enhancing the entire mass flow through the turbine 9, and then Δр _h [2] = max, which ensures maximum turbine load.

The acceleration of the output stream is further increased due to the action of the external annular visor 2 along the perimeter of the output edge of the exhaust annular wing 5, generating the output toroidal vortex 15.

The presented installation has significant advantages over known analogues, since it converts the kinetic energy of the wind flow into electrical energy much more efficiently and does not require a mechanism for turning in the wind. In addition, the installation differs from other wind turbines in its simplicity of design, since the most technologically complex assembly is the internal surface of the exhaust ring wing, made according to the De Laval profile.

1. The installation utilizes all components of wind energy (thermodynamics of moving masses of a mixture of gases).

2. The installation significantly accelerates the incoming air flow at the entrance to the turbine’s working area, increases the kinetic component of its energy, creates an optimal operating mode for the turbine and does not generate infrasound.

3. The installation creates a low pressure (vacuum) behind the turbine disk and thereby increases the pressure drop that is realized on the turbine.

4. The unit creates convergence of the running air flow, thus increasing the mass air flow (and the realized energy on the turbine) through the unit.

5. The installation itself is oriented in the wind due to the weathervane surface of the exhaust ring wing.

6. In the installation, the adiabatic expansion of the air flow passing through the turbine creates a temperature difference (ΔtT), which further increases the vacuum behind the turbine disk, which leads to additional condensation of atmospheric moisture that can be collected.

7. The installation provides a sufficiently high speed on the turbine, which allows the use of low-speed asynchronous generators without gears (multipliers).

8. Installation in comparison with other wind turbines is a low noise source, since all noise sources are closed in a three-dimensional housing; and the infrasound component is completely absent.

9. The plant efficiently utilizes the energy of turbulent flows and gusts of wind, which makes it applicable in geographical areas with complex topography. Thus, the installation is not very demanding on the height of its installation.

10. The installation is distinguished by the technological simplicity of the design (for execution, for operation, for installation and for repair) with the simplest electronic automation.

11. Due to the acceleration of the air stream at the inlet, the installation has a lower switching threshold (produces electricity even at minimum wind speeds) in comparison with similar wind turbines.

12. The proposed installation of comparative disadvantages, as such, does not have and represents only an improvement in the parameters and characteristics of existing wind turbines.

13. The installation is more compatible with the environmental environment than other currently existing wind turbines.

Bibliographic data

Flugzeugtriebwerke;1. Willy JG

Flugzeugtriebwerke;

2. Erich Hau, Windkraftanlagen;

3. Eckhard Rebhan (Hrsg.), Energiehandbuch;

4. Hutte, Die Grundlagen der Ingenierwissenschaften;

5. Horst Crome, Handbuch Windenergie Technik;

6. Robert Y. Redlinger, Per Dannemand Andersen, Poul Erik Morthorst, Wind Energy in the 21 ^st Century;

7. Tony Burton, David Sharpe, Nick Jenkins, Ervin Bossanyi, Wind Energy Handbook;

8. T.E. Faber, Fluid dynamics for physicists;

9. European Wind Atlas, Copyright © 1989 by Rise National Laboratory;

Kniga, Zagreb, 1988.10. Bojan Kraut

Kniga, Zagreb, 1988.

Claims (4)

1. An aerodynamic wind power installation containing a generator, a turbine, an exhaust ring wing with an internal surface made according to the De Laval profile, which is a bearing element of the installation and equipped with a weather vane providing orientation in the wind, bearing radial arms for mounting the generator, generator cabin with a streamlined outer surface and with an internal load-bearing structure for generator supports and turbine supports, fixed input cone closing the turbine rotor, radial brackets us carrying input cone inlet annular wing, having a closed circuit for the rotation of the turbine rotor, the supporting mast installation and the rotary stand with current collectors carrying out communication between the cabin and the reference oscillator mast, wherein the input profile annular wing is formed with a pair of annular exhaust wing. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the weather vane surface contains a wind speed sensor and a signal light, the inlet cone is a streamlined conical surface made of fiberglass, and the turbine rotor blades are made of polymers or fiberglass. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the generator cabin is connected by a pipe passage to a rotary stand for access to rotating units. 4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting mast is made in the form of a cylindrical metal structure, mounted on anchors of a concrete foundation and having an internal ladder for a rotary stand, cable lines and lighting.

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