RU2261132C1 - Multifunctional polynomial respirator filter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: air purification equipment, particularly to remove hazardous vapor and aerosol from air.

SUBSTANCE: filter has cylindrical body with head which connects filter to mask, dust plug, charge member, upper and lower nets to connect charge member, aerosol filter and bottom with inlet orifice. Charge arranged between upper and lower nets provides carbon monoxide removal from air. Additional catalyst layer which sorbs and neutralizes organic vapor, sulfur-containing and other acid vapors is arranged between aerosol filter and lower net. Breathing valve is detachably secured in the neck.

EFFECT: increased air cleaning quality and service life of the filter, improved operational reliability.

5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of air purification, in particular to gas mask technology, and can be used to purify air from vapors and aerosols of harmful substances.

Known gas filters, the charge of which consists of several layers of absorbers (polynomial filters) and protects against harmful gases and vapors of various chemical nature:

organic gases and vapors - acid gases and vapors, ammonia, carbon monoxide and nitrous gases, etc. (see MSA AUER Minnijuide 2002/2003 catalog). These gas filters cannot protect at the same time from such combinations as organic gases and vapors - acid gases and vapors - carbon monoxide - smoke and other aerosols, i.e. do not have multifunctionality.

Known gas filter containing a cylindrical housing with a neck for attaching the filter to the mask, the charge part, the fastening elements of the charge, the bottom with the inlet (see US Pat. Germany No. 3507486, class A 62 B 23/02 09/04/1986).

The disadvantages of the known gas filter is that the location of the hopcalite catalyst and the Pt catalyst of the group in a single layer fixed by two grids leads to both unstable resistance and dynamic activity of the target components, and low resistance of the charge part of such dimensions to shock loads. At the same time, the absence of an anti-aerosol filter can almost completely block the effective operation of the filter in smoke conditions.

Also known is an absorbing box containing a cylindrical body with a neck for attaching to the mask, and a bottom with an inlet, a multilayer charge part consisting of a catalyst, an absorber-desiccant and hopcalite, a mesh for separating charge layers (see US Pat. RU No. 2111028 C1 , priority of September 18, 1996).

The main disadvantages of the known absorbent box is the short time of protective action for such harmful impurities as carbon monoxide (not more than 55 minutes at high concentrations of 6200 mg / m ³ and several minutes at concentrations up to 100 mg / m ³ , i.e. up to 5 MPC ), as well as the absence of an aerosol filter, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of protection against harmful impurities, because the absence of an aerosol filter becomes the main reason for the complete blocking of the work of absorbers in smoke conditions.

The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved result is a gas filter containing a cylindrical body with a neck for attaching the filter to the mask, the charge part, consisting of layers of hopcalite and desiccant, a layer of filter material, the upper and lower mesh for attaching the charge part, the bottom with an inlet (see US Pat. Germany No. 2316278, class A 62 B 19/00, 11/24/1977).

The disadvantages of this device are the insignificant time of the protective effect on carbon monoxide at low concentrations up to 5 MPC, as well as the fact that the desiccant layer used in this prototype is not an absorber of acid gases such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, etc., able to disable the catalyst layer; the lack of protection of hopcalite, which is used as a catalyst in the specified device, from organic substances often present in industrial premises in emergency situations, when the latter get on hopcalite, can lead to a sharp increase in the temperature of the inhaled air to unacceptable limits and, as a result, to a lung burn .

The technical result of the invention is to make the gas filter multifunctional, to improve the quality of air purification by the gas filter, to increase its service life and reliability in operation.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a polynomial gas mask filter containing a cylindrical housing with a neck for attaching the filter to the mask, an anti-dust swab, a charge part, an upper and lower mesh for attaching a charge part, an aerosol filter, a bottom with an inlet, between the upper and the a charge is located on the bottom grids, which allows air purification from carbon monoxide; an additional catalyst layer is introduced between the anti-aerosol filter and the bottom grid to absorb and disinfection of organic vapors, sulfur-containing and other acid gases, and a removable inhalation valve is attached in the neck. As a charge for purifying air from carbon monoxide, a catalyst is used containing palladium salt supported on a porous carrier and promoting additives with a palladium salt content of 0.7-2.5 wt.%. The length of the catalyst layer for air purification from carbon monoxide refers to the inner diameter of the filter housing as 1: 7 ÷ 15. An additional catalyst bed for the absorption and neutralization of organic vapors, sulfur-containing and other acid gases is made of a fibrous carbon sorbent with a phthalocyanine complex of a transition metal group deposited on it, and the layer length refers to the inner diameter of the filter housing as 1: 10.5 ÷ 35. The aerosol filter is made of polymer filter materials based on styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer fibers or styrene-acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate copolymer fibers, or from polysulfone fibers with concentrically arranged folds, and the aerosol filter height refers to the inner diameter of the filter housing as 1: 4.77 ÷ 5.83 .

The difference between the proposed device and the known one is that between the upper and lower grids there is a mixture that allows air purification from carbon monoxide; between the aerosol filter and the lower grid an additional catalyst layer is introduced to absorb and neutralize organic vapors, sulfur-containing and other acid gases, and a removable inhalation valve is attached to the neck; as a charge for purifying air from carbon monoxide, a catalyst is used containing palladium salt deposited on a porous carrier and promoting additives with a palladium salt content of 0.7-2.5 wt.%; the length of the catalyst layer for air purification from carbon monoxide refers to the inner diameter of the filter housing as 1: 7 ÷ 15; an additional catalyst layer for the absorption and neutralization of organic vapors, sulfur-containing and other acid gases is made of a carbon fiber sorbent with a phthalocyanine complex of a transition metal group deposited on it, and the length of the additional layer refers to the inner diameter of the filter housing as 1: 10.5 ÷ 35; the aerosol filter is made of polymer filtering materials based on styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer fibers or styrene-acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate copolymer fibers or from polysulfone fibers with concentrically arranged folds, and the aerosol filter height refers to the inner diameter of the filter housing as 1: 4.77 ÷ 5.83.

The use of these features in the proposed device allows to achieve high quality and efficiency of air purification, to increase the reliability of operation of products in extreme situations and to increase the service life, this is possible due to the fact that there is a charge between the upper and lower grids, which allows air purification from carbon monoxide , between the anti-aerosol filter and the lower grid, an additional catalyst layer is introduced to absorb and neutralize sulfur-containing organic vapors and other acid gases, and a removable inspiration valve is attached to the neck; as a charge for purifying air from carbon monoxide, a catalyst is used containing palladium salt deposited on a porous carrier and promoters with a palladium salt content of 0.7 ÷ 2.5 wt.%; the length of the catalyst layer for air purification from carbon monoxide refers to the inner diameter of the filter housing as 1: 7 ÷ 15; an additional catalyst layer for the absorption and neutralization of organic vapors, sulfur-containing and other acid gases is made of a fibrous carbon sorbent with a phthalocyanine complex of a transition metal group deposited on it, and the length of the additional layer refers to the inner diameter of the filter housing as 1: 10.5 ÷ 35; the aerosol filter is made of polymer filtering materials based on styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer fibers or styrene-acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate copolymer fibers or from polysulfone fibers with concentrically arranged folds, and the aerosol filter height refers to the inner diameter of the filter housing as 1: 4.77 ÷ 5.83.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where

figure 1 shows a General view of a multifunctional polynomial gas filter;

figure 2 - dependence of the efficiency of air purification by carbon monoxide on the value of the ratio between the content of palladium salt and a porous carrier with a promoting additive in the catalyst (wt.%);

;figure 3 - dependence of the time of the protective action of carbon monoxide on the ratio between the length of the layer of the mixture and the inner diameter of the filter housing

;

;figure 4 - dependence of the time of the protective action of hydrogen sulfide on the magnitude of the ratio between the length of the additional catalyst layer and the inner diameter of the filter housing

;

.figure 5 - dependence of the resistance and permeability coefficient of the aerosol filter on the relationship between the height of the filter folds and the inner diameter of the filter housing

.

The proposed multifunctional polynomial gas mask filter (Fig. 1) includes a cylindrical housing 1 with a neck 2 for attaching the filter to the mask, a dust swab 3, a charge part 4, an upper mesh 5 and a lower 6 for attaching a charge part, an anti-aerosol filter 7, bottom 8 with an inlet an opening, between the anti-aerosol filter 7 and the lower mesh 6, an additional catalyst layer 9 is introduced, made of a fibrous carbon sorbent; in the neck 2 a removable inspiratory valve 10 is attached.

Gas filter works as follows. When inhaling, contaminated air through an opening in the bottom 8 enters the gas filter. After passing sequentially through the anti-aerosol filter 7, an additional catalyst layer 9 made of a fibrous carbon sorbent with a phthalocyanine complex of the transition metal group deposited on it, as well as through a charge layer 4 fixed to the upper 5 and lower 6 grids and a dust swab, the air is cleaned and the neck 2 with a removable valve 10 enters the under-mask space and is used for breathing.

To give the gas filter a multifunctionality, improve the quality and efficiency of air purification at low concentrations of harmful substances (up to 5 maximum concentration limits), increase the service life of the filter and increase the reliability in its operation, a charge is located between the upper and lower grids, which allows air purification from carbon monoxide; between the aerosol filter and the lower grid an additional catalyst layer is introduced to absorb and neutralize organic vapors, sulfur-containing and other acid gases, and a removable inhalation valve is attached to the neck; as a charge for purifying air from carbon monoxide, a catalyst is used containing palladium salt deposited on a porous carrier and promoters with a palladium salt content of 0.7 ÷ 2.5 wt.%; the length of the catalyst layer for air purification from carbon monoxide refers to the inner diameter of the filter housing as 1: 7 ÷ 15; an additional catalyst layer for the absorption and neutralization of organic vapors, sulfur-containing and other acid gases is made of a fibrous carbon sorbent with a phthalocyanine complex of a transition metal group deposited on it with a ratio of the length of the additional layer to the inner diameter of the filter housing as 1: 10.5 ÷ 35; the aerosol filter is made of polymer filtering materials based on styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer fibers or styrene-acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate copolymer fibers or from polysulfone fibers with concentrically arranged folds, and the aerosol filter height refers to the inner diameter of the filter housing as 1: 4.77 ÷ 5.83.

Figure 2 shows the dependence of the efficiency of air purification by carbon monoxide (CO) on the ratio between the content of palladium salt and a porous carrier with a promoting additive in the catalyst, the dashed line indicates the minimum allowable air purification efficiency when reaching the maximum permissible concentration at the outlet of the filter.

Test conditions:

υ = 0.33 l / min cm ² - gas flow rate;

t ° = 20 ± 5% C - temperature;

φ = 75% - relative humidity;

with _about = 5 maximum concentration limits - initial concentration of CO (0.1 mg / l)

with _k = 1 MAC - the final concentration of CO (0.02 mg / l) at the outlet of the filter.

From the experimental results it follows that the minimum possible palladium salt content to achieve a given efficiency is 0.7 wt.%, Which allows effective air purification from carbon monoxide in the entire range of ratios between the inner diameter of the filter housing and the length of the charge layer; the use of higher concentrations of palladium salt in the catalyst is impractical for economic reasons.

. Горизонтальными пунктирными линиями обозначены требования нормативно-технической документации по сопротивлению и время защитного действия по монооксиду углерода при 5 ПДК у прототипа.Figure 3 shows the dependence of the time of the protective action of carbon monoxide and the resistance of the mixture on the ratio between the length of the layer of the mixture and the inner diameter of the filter housing

. Horizontal dashed lines indicate the requirements of normative and technical documentation on resistance and the time of protective action on carbon monoxide at 5 MPC for the prototype.

Test conditions:

υ = 0.33 l / min cm ² - gas flow rate;

t ° = 20 ± 5% C - temperature;

φ = 75% - relative humidity;

with _o = 5 MAC - the initial concentration of CO (0.1 mg / l);

with _k = 1 MAC - the final concentration of CO at the outlet of the filter (0.02 mg / l).

, время защитного действия противогазового фильтра уменьшается ниже предельно допустимых величин. Это может происходить из-за того, что из-за малой длины работающего слоя существенно уменьшается время контакта воздуха, содержащего монооксид углерода с шихтой, и эффективность очистки опускается ниже допустимого предела.From the experimental results it follows that with the ratio between the length of the charge layer and the inner diameter of the filter housing

, the protective time of the gas filter is reduced below the maximum permissible values. This can be due to the fact that due to the short length of the working layer, the contact time of air containing carbon monoxide with the charge is significantly reduced, and the cleaning efficiency drops below the permissible limit.

превышает допустимые пределы.At the same time, an increase in the charge layer entails an increase in air flow resistance, which, when

exceeds permissible limits.

.In a similar way, the experimental results shown in FIG. 4 can be interpreted, showing the dependence of the time of the protective action on hydrogen sulfide and the resistance to air flow of the catalyst layer on the ratio between the length of the additional catalyst layer and the inner diameter of the filter housing

.

, т.е. при низких значениях длины слоя катализатора и в то же время сопротивление возрастает при

.In this case, the time of the protective action becomes less than standard when

, i.e. at low catalyst layer lengths and at the same time, the resistance increases at

.

.Figure 5 shows the results of experiments showing the dependence of the coefficient of permeability for standard oil mist (K _cm ) and the resistance of the aerosol filter on the relationship between the height of the folds of the filter and the inner diameter of the filter housing

.

Horizontal dashed lines indicate the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation for filters of this class.

коэффициент проницаемости фильтра превышает нормативные показатели, т.к. низкие складки - это небольшая величина поверхности фильтрации, повышение удельной скорости через поверхность фильтра, а следовательно, увеличение вероятности проскока аэрозолей.As follows from the experimental results, with the ratio between the height of the folds and the inner diameter of the filter housing

filter permeability coefficient exceeds standard indicators, as low folds are a small value of the filtration surface, an increase in the specific velocity through the filter surface, and, consequently, an increase in the probability of aerosol leakage.

The filter resistance increases with decreasing filter surface; with increasing the height of the filter folds, a decrease in resistance occurs at first, but a further increase in the height of the filter folds leads to a slow increase in resistance due to the effect of “folding” the filter folds when air passes through the filter surface.

происходит рост сопротивления фильтра и дальнейшее увеличение высоты складок нецелесообразно.Thus, when

there is an increase in filter resistance and a further increase in the height of the folds is impractical.

This embodiment of the device allows to achieve high quality air purification from harmful impurities, increase its service life at low concentrations of impurities up to 5 MPC and significantly increase its reliability, as well as reduce resistance to air flow by 40% and reduce overall height by 15%.

Claims (5)

1. A multifunctional polynomial gas filter containing a cylindrical body with a neck for attaching the filter to the mask, an anti-dust swab, a charge part, upper and lower grids for attaching a charge part, an anti-aerosol filter, a bottom with an inlet, characterized in that between the upper and lower grids there is a mixture that allows air purification from carbon monoxide, an additional catalyst layer is placed between the anti-aerosol filter and the lower mesh for absorption and neutralization organic vapors, sulfur-containing and other acid gases, and a removable inhalation valve is fixed in the neck. 2. The multifunctional polynomial gas mask filter according to claim 1, characterized in that a catalyst containing palladium salt deposited on a porous carrier and promoters with a palladium salt content of 0.7-2.5 wt.% Is used as a charge for purifying air from carbon monoxide. % 3. A multifunctional polynomial gas mask filter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the length of the catalyst layer for cleaning air from carbon monoxide refers to the inner diameter of the filter housing as 1: 7 ÷ 15. 4. The multifunctional polynomial gas mask filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional catalyst layer for the absorption and neutralization of organic vapors, sulfur-containing and other acid gases is made of a fibrous carbon sorbent with a phthalocyanine complex of a transition metal group deposited on it, and the length of the additional catalyst layer refers to the inner diameter of the filter housing as 1: 10.5 ÷ 35. 5. The multifunctional polynomial gas filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the aerosol filter is made of polymer filter materials based on fibers of a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, or from a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer and methyl methacryl, or from polysulfone fibers with concentrically arranged folds, and the height the aerosol filter refers to the inner diameter of the filter housing as 1: 4.77 ÷ 5.83.

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