RU2260764C2 - Optical sight for guidance system of guided missile - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.

SUBSTANCE: optical sight comprises axially aligned sight and light source that is made of two injection lasers whose emitting zones are perpendicular to the axes of co-ordinates to be measured, system for adjusting the laser beams to single optical axis, and scanner made of rotating prism and objective lens mounted at the optical axis in series. The axis of rotation of the prism is in coincident with the optical axis of the objective lens. The nontransparent shield is mounted on the mandrel of the rotating prism. Two optronic pickups are immovably mounted parallel to the coordinate to be measured. In the plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the light source, the angle between the lines that connect pickups with the axis of rotation of the prism is 90º. The outputs of the first and second optronic pickups are connected, respectively, with the inputs of the first and second delay circuit whose outputs are connected, respectively, to the first and second inputs of the OR circuit and first and second inputs of the permanent memory. The output of the OR circuit is connected with the first inputs of the timer and channel commutator. The output of the timer is connected with the third input of the permanent memory whose second input is connected with the output of the reference generator and second input of the timer. The output of the code-time converter is connected with the second input of the channel commutator whose outputs are connected, respectively, to the inputs of the first and second lasers. The sight is provided with the counter of scanning cycles whose output is connected with the forth input of the permanent memory. The counting input is connected with the output of the second dely circuit.

EFFECT: enhanced precision of sighting.

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Description

The invention relates to optical guidance systems for guided projectiles and can be used in guided weapon systems with tele-orientation in a laser beam.

A known optical sight of a guided projectile guidance system [1], comprising a coaxially mounted sight and a spotlight, including two injection lasers, the emitting regions of which are perpendicular to the axes of the measured coordinates, a system for outputting laser radiation to a single optical axis, an optical scanner mounted in series on this axis in the form of a rotating prism and a pan-optical lens, while the axis of rotation of the prism is combined with the optical axis of the lens, as well as a curtain mounted on a rotating frame prisms, made in the form of an opaque sector with a rotation angle of 180 °, the sides of which pass through the axis of rotation of the prism and are rotated relative to the plane of inclination of the faces of the prism by an angle a in the direction of rotation of the scanner, and the radius of the sector ensures the overlap of the axes of two optocouplers mounted stationary parallel to one measured coordinates, and in the plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the spotlight, the angle between the lines connecting each of the sensors with the axis of rotation of the prism is 90 °, while the outputs of the primary and the second optical sensors are connected respectively to the inputs of the first and second delay circuits, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the exclusive OR circuit, as well as respectively to the first and second inputs of the ROM, the output of the exclusive OR circuit is connected to the first inputs of the counter time and channel switch, the output of the time counter is connected to the third input of the ROM, the output of which is connected to the input of the code-time converter, the output of which is connected to the second input of the channel switch, while the second inputs are a time sensor and a code-time converter are connected to the output of the reference generator, and the first and second outputs of the channel switch are connected respectively to the inputs of the first and second lasers.

A significant drawback of this optical sight is the insufficient accuracy of guided projectile guidance over a wide range of firing ranges. This is due to the fact that when the rocket starts, its speed is minimal and the overloads created by the steering gear are not enough to keep the guided projectile on the line of sight, which can lead to a “sagging” of the guided projectile and, as a consequence, to a deterioration in the accuracy of the hit or even to loss of guided projectile.

The objective of the proposed invention is to increase the accuracy of guidance of a guided projectile by changing the trajectory of the projectile depending on the flight time.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the optical sight of the guided projectile guidance system, which contains a coaxially mounted sight and a searchlight, which includes two injection lasers, the emitting regions of which are perpendicular to the axes of the measured coordinates, a system for outputting laser radiation to a single optical axis, sequentially mounted on this the axis of the optical scanner in the form of a rotating prism and a pan-optical lens, while the axis of rotation of the prism is combined with the optical axis of the lens, as well as an opaque lens an orc mounted on the frame of a rotating prism, two optocoupler sensors mounted motionless parallel to one of the measured coordinates, and in the plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the searchlight, the angle between the lines connecting each of the sensors with the axis of rotation of the prism is 90 °, while the outputs of the first and the second optronic sensors are connected respectively to the inputs of the first and second delay circuits, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the exclusive OR circuit, as well as to the first and second inputs read-only memory device (ROM), the output of the exclusive-OR circuit is connected to the first inputs of a time counter and a channel switcher, the output of a time counter is connected to the third input of a ROM, the output of which is connected to the first input of the code-time converter, the second input of which is connected to the reference output generator and the second input of the time counter, and the output of the code-time converter is connected to the second input of the channel switch, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the inputs of the first and second lasers, a cycle counter an output, the output of which is connected to the fourth input of the permanent storage device, and the counting input is connected to the output of the second delay circuit.

The introduction of a scan cycle counter with appropriate connections allows you to shift the center of the control field formed by the searchlight from the line of sight of the sight depending on the flight time of the projectile.

Figure 1 shows the structural diagram of the optical sight of the guidance system.

Figure 2 shows the dependence of the values of the generated teams depending on the time and direction of scanning (duration of pairs of pulses at the output of the code-time converter).

Figure 3 shows the displacement of the center of the control field of the searchlight relative to the line of sight during the flight of the projectile, depending on the flight time of the guided projectile in one of the coordinates.

Figure 4 shows the signal at the output of the code-time converter.

The optical sight of the guidance system contains a sight 1, a searchlight 2, which includes two injection lasers 3 and 4, a system for outputting laser radiation onto a single optical axis 5, an optical scanner 6, a prism 7, a panoramic lens 8, an opaque curtain 9, two optocouplers 10 and 11, the first and second delay circuits 12 and 13, an exclusive-OR circuit 14, a read-only memory (ROM) 15, a time counter 16, a channel switch 17, a code-time converter 18, a reference oscillator 19, and a number of scan cycles 20 Digital circuits (ROM, counters, switches and logical elements) can be performed, for example, on the basis of a single-chip microcomputer of type AT89C52 or on rigid logic, for example, based on FPGAs.

The scope works as follows.

Rotating prism 7 performs a nutational scan with flat beams of lasers 3 and 4 along the generated field, the radius of which at the distance of the controlled object is kept constant by changing the focal length of the zoom lens 8. Moreover, during the rotation of the prism, the shutter 9 sequentially interrupts the optocouplers 10 and 11 The combination of signals at the outputs of which determines the scanning direction of each plane beam along the generated field. These signals are received after passing the delay circuits 12 and 13, respectively, to the first and second inputs of the ROM 15 (these inputs determine the direction of scanning) and the exclusive-OR circuit 14, at the output of which a signal is formed that determines the operation of the channel (the first laser is switched on 4 - signal log. 1) or pitch channel (second laser 3 is on - signal log. 0). In addition, the signal from the output of the second delay circuit enters the counting input of the scan cycle counter, the output of which forms a code proportional to the flight time of the guided projectile, because the number of scan cycles is proportional to the flight time of the projectile that arrives at the fourth address inputs of the read-only memory device (determines the ROM page, i.e. with what pulse duration it is necessary to start scanning). From the moment of each change of state of the signal at the output of the exclusive OR circuit 14, the time counter 16 synchronously with the frequency of the reference oscillator 19 generates at its output a code proportional to the current time relative to the change of signal at the output of the exclusive OR circuit 14. Depending on the state of the address inputs ROM 15 (current scan time, current scan cycle and control channel) generates a code at its output, according to which the code-time converter 18 generates paired pulses, and the time interval between pulses In pairs, it corresponds to the current scan channel, and the repetition rate of the parcels varies linearly with time. In this case, the dependence of the period of repetition of parcels (determines the size and direction of the control command) versus time is shown in Fig. 2. Where figa - on the first, figb - the second and figv - the third seconds of the flight of the projectile.

Those. when changing the information at the output of one of the sensors 10 or 11, the signals from their outputs, passing through the delay lines 12 and 13, go to the first and second inputs of the ROM 15 and determine the direction of scanning the strip, for example, the signals 00 at the output of the sensors, which corresponds to the pitch channel and the scanning direction from the bottom up, in addition, the signals from the output of the delay lines 12 and 13 are fed to the inputs of the exclusive OR 14 and its output generates a signal log.1, because at its inputs, signals 00 (change of control channel). The front of this signal, arriving at the first input of the time counter 16, resets it, which corresponds to zero time in FIG. 2 and, for example, at the first second of flight (determined by the output of the scan cycle counter, i.e., the fourth ROM input), ROM 15 at its output generates a code whose value is proportional to the maximum command arriving at a guided projectile that arrives at the first input of the code-time converter 18, where this code is converted into paired pulses, and the distance between pulses in a pair is determined by the control channel (the first or second laser is turned on), in our case, when the combination on the first and second inputs of the ROM is 00, the first pitch channel, and the repetition period of pairs corresponds to the value of the command transmitted to the guided projectile - Fig. 4. These pulses are fed to the second input of the channel 17 commutator and, under the action of the signal log.1 from the exclusive-OR output 14, these pulses are fed to the first laser 3, where they are converted into a light signal, which, passing through the system for outputting laser radiation to a single optical axis 5, a prism 7 and a panoramic lens 8, is fed to the output of the sight and then fed to a guided projectile. With a change in the scan time to t1, the ROM 15 continues to give the maximum command magnitude - Fig. 2a is a solid line and paired pulses corresponding to the maximum control command that are transmitted to the guided projectile continue to be fed to the input of the first laser 3. With a change in the scan time from t1 to t0, the ROM 15 generates codes linearly varying in time at its output, as shown in FIG. 3a, and the repetition period of the paired pulses arriving at the first laser 3 also changes linearly. T.O. when passing (scanning) the strip through a point corresponding to the line of sight, time tl.v. on figa, the value of the command transmitted to the guided projectile is 0.5 of the value of the maximum command, i.e. an increased command acts on the projectile.

At time tc, the information at the output of the first sensor 10 changes and the signal log.1 from its output, passing through the delay line 12, is fed to the first input of the ROM 15. So at the first and second inputs of the ROM 15 there are signals 10, respectively, which corresponds to the heading channel and the scanning direction from left to right, in addition, the signals from the output of the delay lines 12 and 13 are fed to the inputs of the exclusive OR 14 and a signal is generated at its output, log.0, because at its inputs, signals 10 (change of control channel). The decline of this signal, arriving at the first input of the time counter 16, resets it, which corresponds to zero time in FIG. 2d, and the ROM 15 generates a code at its output, the value of which is proportional to the maximum command received by the guided projectile that arrives at the first input of the converter code - time 18, where this code is converted into paired pulses, and the distance between pulses in a pair is determined by the control channel (the second laser is on), in our case, when the combination on the first and second inputs of ROM 10 is the second channel of the course, and iodine vapor repetition - corresponds to the command transmitted to the guided missile - 4. These pulses are fed to the second input of the channel 17 switch and, under the action of the log.0 signal from the exclusive OR output 14, these pulses are fed to the second laser 4, where they are converted into a light signal, which, passing through the laser radiation output system to a single optical axis 5, a prism 7 and a panoramic lens 8, is fed to the output of the sight and then fed to a guided projectile. With a change in the scan time to ts, the ROM 15 generates codes at its output that linearly change in time, as shown in Fig. 2d, and the repetition period of paired pulses arriving at the second laser 3 also changes linearly. T.O. when passing (scanning) the strip through a point corresponding to the line of sight, time tl.v. 2g, the magnitude of the command transmitted to the guided projectile is zero command magnitude.

At time tc, the information at the output of the second sensor 11 changes and the signal log.1 from its output, passing through the delay line 13, is fed to the first input of the ROM 15. So on the first and second inputs of the ROM 15 there are signals 11, respectively, which corresponds to the pitch channel and the scanning direction from top to bottom, in addition, the signals from the output of the delay lines 12 and 13 are fed to the inputs of the exclusive OR 14 and a signal is generated at its output. because at its inputs signals 11 (change of control channel). The decline of this signal, arriving at the first input of the time counter 16, resets it, which corresponds to zero time in figa. In addition, the signal from the output of the second delay line 13 is fed to the counting input of the cycle counter 20, and when these time cycles correspond (for example, 1 second), the code changes at the output of the cycle counter and ROM 15 generates a code at its output whose value is proportional to K1 figa, which is fed to the first input of the code-time converter 18, where this code is converted to paired pulses, and the distance between pulses in a pair is determined by the control channel (the first laser is turned on), in our case, when combined on the first and the second inputs of the ROM 11 - the first channel is the pitch channel, and the repetition period of the pairs - corresponds to the value of the command transmitted to the guided projectile - figure 4. These pulses are fed to the second input of the channel 17 switch and, under the action of the signal log.1 from the exclusive OR 14 output, these pulses are fed to the first laser 4, where they are converted into a light signal, which, passing through the laser radiation output system to a single optical axis 5, a prism 7 and a panoramic lens 8, is fed to the output of the sight and then fed to a guided projectile. With the scan time changing to t2, the ROM 15 generates codes at its output linearly varying in time, as shown by a dotted line in FIG. 2a, and the repetition period of the paired pulses arriving at the second laser 3 also changes linearly. T.O. when passing (scanning) the strip through a point corresponding to the line of sight, time tl.v. on figa, the value of the command transmitted to the guided projectile is 0.5 of the value of the maximum command, i.e. an increased command acts on the projectile.

Etc.

As the projectile’s flight time increases under the action of the marching engine, its speed increases and, as a result of this, the overloads created by its rudders increase, and so on. it is necessary to reduce the value of the command acting in the pitch channel.

As the projectile’s flight time increases, the signal at the output of the counter of the number of cycles 20 changes, and with the next change of the signals of the sensors 10 and 11, the formation of commands in the pitch channel occurs according to the law shown in Fig.2b, at the second second of the flight, Fig.2c - at third and subsequent seconds of flight.

T.O. due to the shift in the time characteristic of the generated commands, the center of the control field formed by the spotlight is shifted from the line of sight of the sight, as shown in Fig. 3, depending on the flight time (number of scan cycles) for a particular guided projectile.

T.O. in a projectile, at low flight speeds, a control command is formed greater than at high speeds, which compensates for gravity and, therefore, eliminates the "sagging" of the guided projectile at the initial moment of flight and, as a result, increases its guidance accuracy.

Sources of information

1. RF patent №2150073, IPC7 F 41 G 7/26.

Claims (1)

The optical sight of the guided projectile guidance system, comprising a coaxially mounted target and a searchlight, including two injection lasers, the emitting regions of which are perpendicular to the axes of the measured coordinates, a laser radiation output system on a single optical axis, and an optical scanner in the form of a rotating prism mounted in series on this axis and pankratichesky lens, while the axis of rotation of the prism is combined with the optical axis of the lens, as well as an opaque curtain mounted on a frame rotating I prism, two optocoupler sensors mounted motionless parallel to one of the measured coordinates, and in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the searchlight, the angle between the lines connecting each of the sensors with the axis of rotation of the prism is 90 °, while the outputs of the first and second optocouplers are connected respectively, to the inputs of the first and second delay circuits, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the exclusive OR circuit, as well as to the first and second inputs of the permanent storage device (ROM), the output of the exclusive-OR circuit is connected to the first inputs of the time counter and channel switch, the output of the time counter is connected to the third input of the ROM, the output of which is connected to the first input of the code-time converter, the second input of which is connected to the output of the reference generator and the second time counter input, and the code-time converter output connected to the second input of the channel switch, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the inputs of the first and second lasers, characterized in that a counter of the number of scan cycles is introduced into it tion, the output of which is connected to a fourth input of the read-only memory, a count input connected to the output of the second delay circuit.

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