RU2260652C1 - Method for water body and bottom sediments cleaning of oil and oil products - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: environment protection, particularly to remove oil spills during oil production, transportation and storage.

SUBSTANCE: method involves arranging operative booms formed as cotton or synthetic textile mats and filled with cleaning composition on water surface. The cleaning composition includes alumosilicates, organic substances and fertilizers taken in the following percentage: alumosilcates - 2-2.5, organic substances - 55-96, fertilizers - 2-20. Water aeration and/or bottom precipitation flotation is performed during cleaning process. The contaminated booms are self-cleaned by placing thereof on polluted ground.

EFFECT: improved efficiency of water cleaning, increased ecological safety.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection and can be used in the elimination of oil pollution in places of oil spills and oil products during their production, transportation, storage.

There is a method of cleaning water bodies and soils from oil pollution (see RF patent No. 2104248, IPC C 02 F 3/34, publ. 10.01.1998), involving the application of the preparation of carbon-containing microorganisms on the oil substat of the contaminated area. Before application, the microorganisms of the drug are cultured in an environment that contains nefteubstat of the contaminated area.

The main disadvantage of this method is its high cost due to expensive drugs, as well as the inappropriateness of introducing hydrocarbon-oxidizing organisms into contaminated places where these microorganisms are present.

There is also known a method of cleaning the surface of the water from pollution with oil and oil products, we have chosen for the prototype (RF patent No. 2159307, IPC E 02 B 15/04, publ. November 20, 2000), in which a cotton-containing sorbent formed in mats. Mats are placed on the surface of the water several pieces in one layer. After the exposure necessary for impregnation of the sorbent in the mats with oil and oil products, the mats are collected and sent for oil disposal.

The main disadvantages of this method is the need for disposal of the collected oil and oil products, which leads to environmental pollution, a low degree of purification of contaminated surfaces.

The main technical result of the proposed solution is to increase the degree of cleaning of contaminated surfaces and bottom sediments. The inventive method is environmentally friendly, because It does not require constant collection and disposal of oil and oil products, because oil and oil products are cleaned directly in the reservoir, and active booms after cleaning the reservoirs self-clean on disturbed or contaminated soils. In addition, the natural productivity of water bodies is improved by improving the nutrient medium and accelerating the growth and development of plants and microorganisms. Compared with the prototype, the invention allows to increase the degree of purification by 10 times.

The main technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of purifying water of ponds and bottom sediments from oil and oil products contaminants, which includes placing active booms on the water surface made in the form of mats from cotton or synthetic fabric filled with a cleaning composition, according to the proposed solution, during the cleaning process, aeration of water and / or flotation of bottom sediments, and aluminosilicates, organic substances and mineral fertilizers are used as a cleaning composition in the following ratios x,%:

aluminosilicates 2-25;

organic matter 55-96;

mineral fertilizers 2-20.

An example of a specific implementation.

The method is as follows. Active booms are installed on the surface of the water, which are made in the form of cotton mats. Pre-active booms are filled with a cleansing compound. To activate oxidative processes, aerators of the AE-1 type are installed, which saturate the water surface with oxygen. As a result of forced aeration and activation of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms by the cleaning composition of active booms, oil and oil products are oxidized. At the same time, erosion of bottom sediments. Activators and flotators wash out bottom sediments and at the same time saturate the lower layers of water bodies with air, which allows increasing the aeration depth of the water body and enhancing the flotation of oil and oil products. After cleaning the reservoir from contamination, the contents of active booms is an organic substance with active hydrocarbon-oxidizing microflora, which serves as a stimulant for oil-contaminated lands. During the cleaning process, at least once a month, an analysis of water samples is carried out for the content of dissolved oil products and the concentration of nutrient in water. The use of mineral fertilizers can improve the nutrient medium and accelerate the growth and development of plants and microorganisms.

To assess the effectiveness of water purification from oil, a simulation of the oil refining process was carried out as follows. A metal container 5 × 6 × 0.5 m in size, on the bottom of which soil, taken from the bottom of the river, was laid, a layer of 3 cm was filled with water to a mark of 0.35 meters. Then 1.5 m ^{3 of} oil was poured into the tank, which corresponded to a 5 cm layer of spilled oil. A month later, the middle layer of surface oil was 3.6 cm, and most of the remaining oil fell to the bottom. The average oil content in water was 140 mg / l. Two sections of active booms 20 × 40 × 10 cm in size were laid on the surface of water contaminated with oil. The booms were filled with aluminosilicates - 3%, peat - 90%, azofos - 2%, ammonium nitrate - 2%. Aeration of water was carried out by aerators for aquariums, an activator model (flotator) was moved manually along the bottom. Analyzes for the content of petroleum products were carried out after 15 days, 30 days and 45 days. Analyzes showed that the average oil content was 28 mg / L. Thus, after 45 days, the content of petroleum products decreased by 5 times. The proposed method can also be used for purification from organic contaminants.

Claims (1)

A method of purifying water of reservoirs and bottom sediments from oil and oil products contaminants, comprising placing active booms on the surface of the water made in the form of mats of cotton or synthetic fabric filled with a cleaning composition, characterized in that during the cleaning process aeration of water and / or bottom flotation are performed deposits, and as a cleaning composition using aluminosilicates, organic substances and mineral fertilizers in the following ratio,%: Aluminosilicates 2-25 Organic matter 55-96 Mineral fertilizers 2-20