RU225980U1 - FILTER FOR PURIFYING WATER FROM MICROPASTICS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to water purification from suspended particles, including microplastics, and can be used in the food, chemical, pharmaceutical and other industries, as well as in wastewater treatment systems. The filter for purifying water from microplastics contains a housing with pipes for supplying and discharging water and mesh filters. The filters consist of three corrosion-resistant metal frames with stainless steel sieves with mesh sizes of 0.5 mm, 0.3 mm and 0.1 mm, and in front of the filters there is a metal plate with a 10 mm metal mesh fixed on both sides. Technical result: effective water purification from microplastics of various sizes. 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to methods for purifying water from suspended particles, including microplastics, and can be used in the food, chemical, pharmaceutical and other industries, as well as in wastewater treatment systems.

The method of purifying water from suspended particles, including microplastics, involves filtration through 3 mesh filters with different cell sizes. The filters consist of corrosion-resistant metal frames with stainless steel sieves with different mesh sizes (0.5, 0.3 and 0.1 mm). The proposed mesh filters, with mesh sizes of 0.5, 0.3 and 0.1 mm, are located in a rectangular chamber. The filters inside the chamber are replaceable so that they can be cleaned at regular intervals to avoid clogging due to the accumulation of excess particles.

The water supplied to the chamber goes through the following stages of cleaning from microplastics inside the chamber.

Stage I: First the water enters the chamber and then onto the 1(10 mm) stainless steel plate. Plate 1 is designed in such a way that there is a metal plate in the center, and on both sides of this plate there is a 10 mm metal mesh (on both sides of the plate). This metal plate can withstand the pressure of the incoming water flow and allows for a more even distribution of water for further cleaning.

Stage II: In this stage, water flows to stainless steel filter 1 (0.5 mm) and then to filters 2 and 3 (0.3 and 0.1 mm). During water filtration on filters 1-3, microplastics are separated from water according to particle size (from 0.5 to 0.1 mm).

Stage III: The filtered water will pass through the bottom of the chamber, equipped with a metal mesh 1 with a mesh size of 20 mm.

According to modern classification, all plastics are divided into:

- megaplastics with a characteristic size of more than 100 mm;

- macroplastics (20-100 mm);

- mesoplasty (5-20 mm);

- microplastics (<5 mm);

- nanoplastics (less than 100 nm).

The production and use of plastic has increased dramatically since the 1950s due to plastic's low cost, durability, and versatility. The use of plastic products around the world has resulted in the generation of huge amounts of plastic waste.

When released into the environment, plastic waste continuously breaks down into small fragments and particles. Today, plastic pollution is recognized as a serious environmental problem. Removing nano- and microplastics from the environment is more difficult than removing bulk plastic waste.

It has been scientifically proven that microplastics can already be found in the aquatic environment, drinking water and food systems. When microplastics enter the human body, they cause oxidative damage to cells, have carcinogenic effects and suppress the immune system.

There is a known method for purifying surface runoff from suspended substances and oil products (patent for invention RU No. 2078049, IPC C01F 1/28, 1997) by sequentially filtering the runoff through two layers of granular filter material, and using foamed polystyrene fraction 2-5 mm, and as a second layer - activated carbon fraction 0.5-2.5 mm. However, this method has insufficient reliability of the cleaning process due to the gradual contamination of the filter material and low efficiency of the waste treatment process due to the significant size of the channels between the particles of the filter material.

There is a known method for purifying food liquids from mechanical impurities (patent for invention RU No. 2054299, IPC B01D 24/10, 1996) by passing the liquid through two layers of filter media consisting of spherical granules made of aluminum oxide, titanium or zirconium, or their alloys. Periodically, the filters are regenerated by pumping a cleaning solution through them with a reverse current. However, this method has insufficient reliability of the cleaning process due to the gradual contamination of the filter media and low efficiency of the cleaning process due to the significant size of the passage channels between the granules of the filter media.

A known filter for treating wastewater from suspended particles according to AS No. 184187 MPK6 B 03 64/00, published in BI No. 15 06/24/66, consisting of a cylindrical-conical body, a conical diaphragm located in the upper part of the body, an oil-retaining shield, and accessories for supplying and discharging purified and purified water and an internal cylinder with a truncated internal base. The disadvantage of this filter is the absence of an active filter element, which contributes to the removal of a significant mass of suspended particles into the drain line.

As a prototype, a device was taken - a filter for purifying water and other low-concentrated suspensions according to AS No. 516408 MPK6 V01D 25/32, published in BI No. 21 on September 14, 1976, containing a housing with pipes for introducing the liquid to be purified, draining the filtrate and washing liquid, a package of filter meshes fixed in rings and connected along the periphery by flexible rods, a drive for compressing and expanding the package of filter meshes, a double poppet valve equipped with a spring. The disadvantage of this filter is the complex design of the mechanism for compressing and expanding the mesh filters, and the need for a complex system for sealing its moving elements. The layered arrangement of mesh filters does not ensure effective cleaning. The pulsating movement of the washing liquid cleans the filter elements ineffectively, and the absence of elements that ensure gravitational sedimentation of part of the suspended particles leads to rapid contamination of the filter meshes and necessitates their frequent cleaning. In addition, the mesh size of the filter does not effectively capture microplastics of various sizes.

The objectives of developing a utility model are to ensure efficient operation of the filter for purifying water from microplastics of various particle sizes, ease of operation of the filter, high efficiency and ease of cleaning the filter.

The utility model ensures the efficiency of the process of water purification from suspended particles, including microplastics.

To achieve the objectives, a filter for water purification is proposed, consisting of a housing 1, a pipe 2 for water supply and a pipe 3 for water drainage. Inside the housing there are filters consisting of corrosion-resistant metal frames with three stainless steel sieves with different mesh sizes (0.5, 0.3 and 0.1 mm). The proposed filters (0.5, 0.3 and 0.1 mm) located in the chamber will separate groups of microplastic particles of different sizes from water. The filters inside the chamber are replaceable so that they can be cleaned at regular intervals to avoid clogging due to the accumulation of excess particles.

The proposed water purification filter works as follows.

Stage I: First the water enters the chamber and then onto the 1 (10 mm) stainless steel plate. Plate 1 is designed in such a way that there is a metal plate in the center, and on both sides of this plate there is a 10 mm metal mesh (on both sides of the plate). This metal plate can withstand the pressure of the incoming water flow and allows for a more even distribution of water for further cleaning.

Stage II: In this stage, water flows to stainless steel filter 1 (0.5 mm) and then to filters 2 and 3 (0.3 and 0.1 mm). During water filtration on filters 1-3, microplastics are separated from water according to particle size (from 0.5 to 0.1 mm).

Stage III: The filtered water will pass through the bottom of the chamber, equipped with a metal mesh 1 with a mesh size of 20 mm. (Figure 1).

Claims (1)

A filter for purifying water from microplastics, containing a housing with pipes for inlet and outlet of water and mesh filters, characterized in that the filters consist of three corrosion-resistant metal frames with stainless steel sieves with mesh sizes of 0.5 mm, 0.3 mm and 0 .1 mm, and in front of the filters there is a metal plate with a 10 mm metal mesh fixed on both sides.