RU2259580C2 - Method for automatic temperature adjustment with decreased dynamic error in apparatus with heating cover - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: automatic temperature control.

SUBSTANCE: method includes measuring amount of electric energy in cycles of automatic control, calculating equivalent power of heater, accepting it as given value, measuring temperature of reactive mass in apparatus, liquid heat carrier, positioned in heating cover, inner and outer surfaces of apparatus walls, environment, surrounding apparatus, determining heat conductivity coefficients of wall surfaces, calculating heat flows, proportionality coefficients, actual values of equivalent power, comparing actual value of reactive mass temperature with given temperature value, forming signals, proportional to differences between actual values of equivalent power, time of apparatus delay is determined according to excitation channel heater power - liquid carrier temperature and along excitation channel environment temperature - liquid heat carrier, calculating difference of delay times, which is taken into consideration when determining target value of environment temperature, which is used for calculation of heat dissipation flows and heat conductivity coefficients.

EFFECT: higher precision, higher efficiency.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of automatic control of technological objects of the chemical, metallurgical and other industries and can be used for automatic temperature control.

There are widely known methods for automatically controlling a process in a control object, which include measuring the current value of a controlled quantity, comparing it with a predetermined one, generating it according to the established law, depending on the difference between the actual temperature and the predetermined one, its rate of change, and its effect on the controlled process or control object through an executive unit [1].

There is also known a method of automatic process control in a control object with reduced dynamic error in steady state, which consists in additional input to the automatic control system (CAP) by "rejecting" the correction blocks, which reduce the time constants of the links included in the closed loop CAP using internal feedbacks by "deviation" and thereby increasing the quality of regulation [1].

The closest in technical essence to the proposed method is the method [2], which consists in measuring the temperature in the apparatus, comparing it with the set, measuring the amount of electricity spent in the temperature control cycle, the duration of the cycles, the actual power of the heater, the time from the beginning of the cycle to the current moment , calculating the equivalent power of the heater, a given amount of electricity, equivalent power of the heater, comparing the measured temperature with a given, actual heating power a generator with an equivalent predetermined, actual amount of electricity with a given one, forming, by comparing the control signals for changing the power and amount of electricity, measuring the temperature of the environment surrounding the apparatus, in the immediate vicinity of it, the temperature of the liquid coolant inside the heating jacket having a heater, the temperatures of the internal and the outer surfaces of all the walls of the apparatus, according to previously known graphical dependencies determining the heat transfer coefficients of internal and the external surfaces of all the walls of the apparatus, depending on the measured temperatures, calculating the useful heat flux and heat dissipation flux, summing the calculated heat fluxes, thereby obtaining the total calculated heat flux equivalent to the initial value of the given power allocated in the heater, determining the proportionality coefficient for the initial heat transfer conditions , when changing the conditions of heat transfer, in particular, when changing the temperature of the medium surrounding the apparatus near it, repeat and determining heat transfer coefficients, calculating new values of the heat dissipation flux and the total calculated heat flux and a new equivalent power value, comparing it with the initial set value, a signal proportional to the difference obtained as a result of the comparisons is fed to a controller that generates a signal that acts on the heater by given law.

However, the application of this method does not provide high quality control with a sharp, abrupt change in temperature T _{0 of the} medium surrounding the apparatus with a heating jacket, the drawing of which is shown in Fig. 1, that is, it leads to a significant deviation of the temperature of the coolant T _t from the given T _ass , to the appearance significant dynamic error ΔT _d , as shown in Fig.2.

The method [2] provides for an automatic change in the temperature of the coolant immediately, that is, without delay.

If a sharp decrease in temperature T _о occurs, the automatic temperature control system implemented by the method [2] perceives a sharp decrease in temperature T _о as a corresponding sharp significant increase in dissipation fluxes, and leads to a sharp increase in heater power, and ultimately to a significant increasing the temperature of the coolant T _T , that is, to a deterioration in the quality of regulation over time τ.

An object of the invention is to increase the accuracy of maintaining the temperature at a given level, improving the quality of regulation with a sharp, spasmodic change in the temperature of the medium surrounding the apparatus near it.

The technical problem is solved in that in a method for automatically controlling the temperature in a device with a heating jacket, the design of which is shown in Fig. 1, using a temperature sensor, the current temperature T _P in the device is measured. The current temperature value is compared with the set value of T _ass .

Signal ΔТ proportional to the algebraic difference

served on a temperature controller.

Using a temperature controller, a signal is generated and fed to a device for comparing output signals.

Measure the duration t _{1c of the} first cycle and the current time t _{2 of the} second regulation cycle. At the same time measure the power of the heater R.

The known duration of the first cycle t _1c and the power P of the heater calculate the amount of electricity spent in the first control cycle

Then, the equivalent power of the first cycle is calculated.

which is taken as a given power for the second regulation cycle

P ₁ = P _ass

Using the time from the beginning of the second cycle t ₂ and a given power P _ass , calculate the specified electricity in the second cycle to the current time t ₂ by the formula

Measure the amount of electricity W ₂ spent in the second control cycle at time t ₂ .

Signal proportional to algebraic difference

served on the block forming an additional control signal.

The formation of an additional control signal is as follows.

If W ₂ > W _ass , then the heater is disconnected from the mains for a while

If W ₂ <W _ass , the heater is additionally connected to the full voltage of the electrical network for a while

An additional control signal is supplied to the output signal comparison device.

Measure the power P ₂ at the current time t _{2 of the} second regulation cycle. The signal is proportional to the difference between the specified power P _ass and power P ₂

served on the power regulator. Using a power regulator, depending on the magnitude and sign of ΔP, a control signal is generated and fed to the output signal comparison device.

The signals coming from the temperature controller, the control signal generation unit and the power controller are algebraically summed up and receive the resulting signal:

which is fed to the input of the thyristor control unit connecting the heater to the mains voltage.

To stabilize the temperature T _{P of the} reaction mass in the apparatus 1 (Fig. 1), when the temperature T ₀ (t) of the medium surrounding the apparatus changes, an additional signal is generated that is supplied to the power regulator acting on the heater, where T ₀ (t ) is the temperature of the medium surrounding the apparatus near it, at time t, for brevity, T _{0 is} indicated, the unit of measurement is degrees Celsius.

The formation of an additional signal is as follows.

Measure the temperature T _{P of the} reaction mass 2, the temperature T _{0 of the} medium surrounding the apparatus, near it, as well as the temperature T _{T of the} liquid coolant 3 inside the heating jacket.

The temperature of the internal T _Bi and external T _Hi surfaces of all the walls of the apparatus is measured and the heat transfer coefficients of the internal α _Bi and external α _Hi surfaces of all the walls of the apparatus are determined from the previously known graphic dependencies.

According to the known temperatures T _T and T _P , the height of the active part H, the inner d _Bi and the outer d _{Hi, the} diameters of the first wall 8, the thickness b _{1 of the} bottom 4 of the first wall separating the reaction mass from the coolant, the thermal conductivity λ _{c1 of the} first wall and the heat transfer coefficients of the inner α _B1 and external α _{H1 of the} surfaces of the first wall and the bottom of the first wall calculate the useful heat flux according to the formula:

Where

- useful heat flow through the first wall of the apparatus,

- useful heat flow through the bottom of the first wall.

The height of the active part of the apparatus means the distance from the bottom of the first wall to the upper level of the reaction mass and coolant.

Using the values of the temperature T _{T of the} coolant, the temperature T _{0 of the} medium surrounding the apparatus, the temperature T _{PR of the} vapor over the reaction mass, the temperature T _PT of the coolant vapor, the heat transfer coefficient α _{B11 of the} inner surface of the lid 13 of the first wall, the heat transfer coefficient α _{B22 of the} inner surface of the lid 12 and the inner the surface of the part of the second wall 9 separating the heat carrier pairs from the first insulation layer, the heat transfer coefficient α _{B2 of the} inner surface of the part of the second wall separating the heat carrier from the first layer thermal insulation coefficient, heat transfer coefficient α _{Н0 of the} outer surface of the n-th wall 11 separating the last (n-1) th layer of thermal insulation 7 from the environment, thermal conductivity λ _{Ci of the} i-th wall 10, inner diameter d _{B2 of the} second wall, inner d _Bi and the outer d _{Hi of the} diameters of the i-th wall, thickness b _{i of the} bottom and cover of the i-th wall, the distance h from the upper level of the coolant and the reaction mass to the cover 12 of the second wall, the outer diameter d _{H0 of the} n-th wall and the height of the active part H of the apparatus calculate the heat flux of dispersion into the environment according to the form e:

- the initial heat dissipation flux through a part of the second wall of the apparatus separating the coolant from the first layer of thermal insulation,

- the initial heat dissipation flux through a part of the second wall of the apparatus that separates the coolant vapor from the first layer of thermal insulation,

- the initial heat flux dispersion through the bottom 5 of the second wall of the apparatus,

- the initial heat dissipation flux through the cover of the first wall of the apparatus, separating the vapors above the reaction mass from the second layer of thermal insulation,

- the initial heat dissipation flux through the cover of the second wall of the apparatus, separating the coolant vapor from the first layer of thermal insulation.

The useful heat flux σ _n calculated in this way and the dispersion heat flux σ _p are summed up and the total calculated heat flux is obtained by the formula:

The value of the total calculated heat flux σ _CR associated with the initial value of the given power P _back allocated in the heater, the formula:

For the initial conditions of heat transfer for the initial ambient temperature T _OH determine the coefficient of proportionality to by the formula:

When the ambient temperature decreases to T _OM at the initial time t _H , the determination of heat transfer coefficients α _B11 , α _B22 , α _B2 , α _{H0 is} repeated. Depending on the measured temperatures T _PT , T _T , T _PR and T _{OM they} calculate the new current value of the heat dissipation flux, σ _pm corresponding to the new, changed with respect to the initial conditions of heat transfer, that is, a decrease in the ambient temperature, according to the formula:

Where

- heat dissipation flow through a part of the second wall of the apparatus that separates the coolant from the first layer of thermal insulation, corresponding to the changed conditions of heat transfer,

- heat dissipation flow through a part of the second wall of the apparatus, separating the coolant vapor from the first layer of thermal insulation, corresponding to the changed conditions of heat transfer,

- heat flux dispersion through the bottom of the second wall of the apparatus, corresponding to the changed conditions of heat transfer,

- heat dissipation flow through the cover of the first wall of the apparatus, separating the vapor above the reaction mass from the first layer of thermal insulation, corresponding to the changed conditions of heat transfer,

- heat dissipation flow through the cover of the second wall of the apparatus, separating the heat carrier vapor from the first insulation layer, corresponding to the changed heat transfer conditions, where α _B11m , α _B22m , α _B2m , α _Н0m are the current values of heat transfer coefficients α _B11 , α _B22 , α _B2 , α _Н0 , corresponding to the changed heat transfer conditions.

Calculate the new value of the total estimated heat flux σ _prm

and the new value of the equivalent power P _rear

Then compare the new value equivalent to P _rear with the initial value of P _rear and a signal proportional to the difference:

fed to the controller, generating an additional signal acting on the heater according to a given law.

With an increase in ambient temperature to T _r , the determination of heat transfer coefficients α _B11 , α _B22 , α _B2 , α _H0 is _repeated , depending on the measured temperatures at time t _OH .

Calculate the new current value of the heat flux dispersion σ _RB corresponding to the increased temperature T _about the environment, according to the formula:

Where

- heat dissipation flow through a part of the second wall of the apparatus that separates the coolant from the first layer of thermal insulation, corresponding to the changed conditions of heat transfer,

- heat dissipation flow through a part of the second wall of the apparatus, separating the coolant vapor from the first layer of thermal insulation, corresponding to the changed conditions of heat transfer,

- heat flux dispersion through the bottom of the second wall of the apparatus, corresponding to the changed conditions of heat transfer,

- heat dissipation flow through the cover of the first wall of the apparatus, separating the vapor above the reaction mass from the first layer of thermal insulation, corresponding to the changed conditions of heat transfer,

- heat dissipation flux through the cover of the first wall of the apparatus, separating the heat carrier vapor from the second layer of thermal insulation, corresponding to the changed heat transfer conditions, where α _B11δ , α _B22δ , α _B2δ , α _Н0δ are the current values of the heat transfer coefficients α _B11 , α _B22 , α _B2 , α _Н0 corresponding to the changed heat transfer conditions.

Calculate the new value of the total calculated heat flux σ _{CR δ}

Calculate the new value of the equivalent power P _{ass δ} corresponding to σ _{pr δ}

Compare the new value of the equivalent power P _{ass δ} with the initial value of P _ass and a signal proportional to the difference

fed to the power regulator that generates a signal that acts on the heater according to a given law, in addition, at a constant temperature T _{0 of the} environment surrounding the apparatus near it, the delay time τ _{P of the} apparatus is determined by an abrupt increase in the heater’s power through the disturbance channel “heater power - liquid coolant temperature” from the moment of increasing the heater power before the start of the increase in the temperature of the liquid coolant T _T , a stepwise decrease in the temperature of the medium T ₀ surrounding near it, at a constant heater power equal to the equivalent power P _rear , the delay time τ _{T of the} apparatus is determined by the disturbance channel “medium temperature, the apparatus surrounding it is the temperature of the liquid coolant” from the moment the ambient temperature T ₀ decreases to the beginning of the decrease in the liquid temperature T _T coolant, out of time delay unit over a channel perturbation ", the temperature of the environment surrounding the machine near the - temperature of the liquid coolant" lag time subtracted device over the channel disturbance "heater power - liquid coolant temperature", thereby obtaining the difference of the delay times τ _Hg, i.e.

which is taken into account when determining the calculated value of the temperature T _{op of the} medium surrounding the apparatus near it, using the functional dependence

that is, replacing the value of T ₀ with the calculated new value of T _op (t), which is used in the calculation of heat dissipation fluxes and heat transfer coefficients, substituting in the formulas for calculating heat fluxes instead of T _{о the} calculated new value of T _op (t), where T _op ( t) is the temperature of the environment surrounding the apparatus near it, at time t, the unit of measurement is degrees Celsius, T ₀ (t-τ _RT ) is the temperature of the environment surrounding the apparatus near it, at time (t-τ _RT ), at t≥τ _rt , i.e. with a time shift of τ _rt > 0, the unit of measurement is degree s celsius.

The determination of the delay time τ _p , the delay time τ _t shown in figure 3.

The temperature sensor that measures the temperature T _{T of the} coolant in the heating jacket is located at a shorter distance from the heater than from the environment surrounding the apparatus with the heating jacket (Fig. 1).

In addition, the temperature sensor measuring T _T separates from the heater only the heat-transfer layer (vertically) with good heat transfer properties, and the temperature sensor, which measures the temperature of the medium surrounding the apparatus near it, is part of the heat-transfer layer, two walls (minimum) and a heat-insulating layer, having low thermal conductivity, therefore

τ _T > τ _P ,

where τ _T is the delay time of the apparatus along the disturbance channel "the temperature of the medium surrounding the apparatus near it is the temperature of the liquid coolant," τ _P is the delay time of the apparatus along the disturbance channel "heater power is the temperature of the coolant".

Therefore, to implement the proposed method for automatically controlling the temperature in the apparatus with a heating jacket, a delay unit 91 is introduced into the structural control scheme, as shown in Fig. 4, with a transfer function

where p is the Laplace operator, and the subtraction block 92, which implements the difference (41). As a result of the application of the proposed method, significant deviations of the temperature of the coolant from the set with sudden sudden changes in the temperature of the medium surrounding the apparatus near it are eliminated, that is, a dynamic error is excluded.

The structural diagram of the implementation of the proposed method for automatic temperature control is presented in figure 4.

List of elements

1. temperature comparison adder

2. thermal sensor

3. thermal sensor

4. temperature controller

5. adder output comparison signals

6. time measuring unit

7. power measurement unit

8. set power calculation unit

9. set power calculation unit

10. power comparison adder

11. block the formation of the law of the control signal

12. power comparison adder

13. power measurement unit

14. power control

15. thyristor control unit

16. thyristor block

17. heater

18. heating jacket apparatus

19. subtraction unit

20. multiplication block

21. dispersion flow adder

22. division block

23. division block

24. division block

25. division block

26. logarithm unit

27. multiplication block

28. adder

29. multiplication block

30. adder

31. comparison unit

32. squaring unit

33. multiplication block

34. division block

35. division block

36. adder

37. block of multiplication by four

38. division block

39. division block

40. division block

41. comparison unit

42. division block

43. division block

44. squaring block

45. multiplication block

46. division block

47. adder

48. block of multiplication by four

49. adder

50. divider

51. division block

52. division block

53. division block

54. division block

55. division block

56. division block

57. division block

58. division block

59. block logarithm

60. logarithm unit

61. logarithm unit

62. division block

63. division block

64. comparison unit

65. multiplication block

66. multiplication block

67. multiplication block

68. adder

69. division block

70. adder

71. division block

72. comparison unit

73. squaring block

74. squaring block

75. division block

76. division block

77. division block

78. comparison block

79. adder

80. division block

81. adder

82. division block

83. division block

84. division block

85. division block

86. adder

87. division block

88. comparison block

89. comparison block

90. division block

91. lag block

92. subtraction block

Sources of information

1. Voronov A.A. Fundamentals of the theory of automatic control. Automatic control of continuous linear systems. M .: Energy, 1980, 312 p.

2. Patent RU No. 2167449, cl. G 05 D 23/19. Bull. No14, 05/20/2001

Claims (1)

A method for automatically controlling the temperature with reduced dynamic error in a heating jacket apparatus having a coolant, which consists in measuring the temperature of the reaction mass in the apparatus, comparing it with a predetermined one, measuring the amount of electricity spent in the temperature control cycle, the duration of the cycles, and the actual power of the heater , the time from the beginning of the cycle to the current moment, calculate the equivalent power of the heater, a given amount of electricity, equivalent power of the heater the heater, compare the actual power of the heater with the equivalent set, the actual amount of electricity - with the set, generate control signals for changing the power and amount of electricity according to the results of comparison, for the initial state at the initial time t ₀ = 0 in the apparatus with a heating jacket measure the temperature of the vapors above the reaction mass, the temperature of the medium surrounding the apparatus near it, the temperature of the liquid coolant inside the heating jacket having a heater, the vapor temperature the heat transfer fluid, the temperature of the inner and outer surfaces of all the walls, bottoms and covers of the apparatus, the heat transfer coefficients of the inner and outer surfaces of all the walls, bottoms and covers of the apparatus, depending on the measured temperatures, are determined from the previously known graphic dependencies, and the useful heat flux is calculated by the formula σ _n = σ _{n side} + σ _{n bottom} , Where

- source useful heat a stream through the first wall of the apparatus separating the coolant from the reaction mass,

- initial useful heat flow through the bottom of the first wall, where T _T is the temperature of the liquid coolant inside the heating jacket having a heater, T _R - the temperature of the reaction mass in the apparatus, α _B1 , α _H1 - heat transfer coefficients of the inner and outer surfaces of the first wall, respectively, λ _C1 - thermal conductivity of the first wall, d _H1 is the outer diameter of the first wall, α _B1 is the inner diameter of the first wall, b ₁ - the thickness of the bottom and cover of the first wall, H - the height of the active part of the apparatus, and the initial heat flux dispersion into the environment according to the formula σ _p = σ + σ _{p bok1 bok2 p} + σ _r + σ _{bottom PK1 PK2} + σ, Where

- the initial heat dissipation flux through a part of the second wall of the apparatus separating the coolant from the first layer of thermal insulation,

- the initial heat dissipation flux through a part of the second wall of the apparatus that separates the coolant vapor from the first layer of thermal insulation,

- the initial heat flux dispersion through the bottom of the second wall of the apparatus,

- the initial heat flux dispersion through the cover of the first wall of the apparatus, separating the vapors above the reaction mass from the first layer of thermal insulation,

- the initial heat dissipation flux through the cover of the second wall of the apparatus, separating the coolant vapor from the first layer of thermal insulation, where T _PT - the temperature of the coolant vapor, T _PR - the temperature of the vapor over the reaction mass, T ₀ (t) is the temperature of the environment surrounding the apparatus near it, at time t, for brevity, T _{0 is} indicated, the unit of measurement is degrees Celsius, α _B11 - heat transfer coefficient of the inner surface of the cover of the first wall of the apparatus, α _B22 - heat transfer coefficient of the inner surface of the lid and the inner surface of the part of the second wall of the apparatus, separating the coolant vapor from the first layer of thermal insulation, α _B2 - heat transfer coefficient of the inner surface of the part of the second wall that separates the coolant from the first layer of thermal insulation, α _BUT - heat transfer coefficient of the outer surface of the n-th wall separating the last (n-1) -th layer of thermal insulation from the environment, λ _ci is the thermal conductivity coefficient of the 1st wall, d _B2 is the inner diameter of the second wall, d _Hi is the outer diameter of the i-th wall, d _HO is the outer diameter of the n-th wall, b _i - the thickness of the bottom and cover of the i-th wall, h is the distance from the upper level of the coolant and the reaction mass to the cover of the second wall, i is the serial number of the wall, n is the limit serial number of the outer wall, outer bottom and outer cover, the outer surface of which is in contact with the environment, sum the calculated heat fluxes, thus obtaining the value of the total calculated heat flux according to the formula σ _CR = σ _n + σ _p , equivalent to the initial value of the given power P _ass allocated in the heater, and related to the total calculated heat flux by the formula P = P _ass = K (σ _n + σ _p ), then determine the proportionality coefficient K by the formula

for the initial conditions of heat transfer for the initial ambient temperature T _it , when the ambient temperature decreases to T _ohm at the initial time 1 _n repeat the determination of heat transfer coefficients α _B11 , α _b22 , α _B2 , α _HO , depending on the measured temperature T _PT , T _P , T _PR and T ₀ calculate the new current value of the heat dissipation flux, σ _pm corresponding to the new, changed in relation to the initial conditions of heat transfer, that is, a decrease in ambient temperature, according to the formula σ _pm = σ _{p side1m} + σ _{p side2m} + σ _{p bottom} + σ _pk1m + σ _pk2m ,

- heat dissipation flow through a part of the second wall of the apparatus that separates the coolant from the first layer of thermal insulation, corresponding to the changed conditions of heat transfer,

- heat dissipation flow through a part of the second wall of the apparatus, separating the coolant vapor from the first layer of thermal insulation, corresponding to the changed conditions of heat transfer,

- heat flux dispersion through the bottom of the second wall of the apparatus, corresponding to the changed conditions of heat transfer,

- useful heat flow through the cover of the first wall of the apparatus, separating the vapor above the reaction mass from the first layer of thermal insulation, corresponding to the changed conditions of heat transfer,

- heat dissipation flow through the cover of the second wall of the apparatus, separating the coolant vapor from the first layer of thermal insulation, corresponding to the changed conditions of heat transfer, where α _B11m , α _b22m , α _B2m , α _НОм - current values of heat transfer coefficients α _B11 , α _b22 , α _B2 , α _HO , corresponding to the changed heat transfer conditions, calculate a new value of the total calculated heat flux σ _prm and a new value of the equivalent power P _{ass m} for σ _prm using the formula R _{ass m} = K (σ _n + σ _prm ) associate the new value of the equivalent power P _{ass m} with the initial value of P _ass and a signal proportional to the difference by the formula δP = P _{ass m} -P _ass fed to the power controller, generating an additional signal acting on the heater according to a given law, and when the ambient temperature increases to T _Oδ , repeat the determination of heat transfer coefficients α _B11δ , α _b22δ , α _B2δ , α _HOδ depending on the measured temperatures T _T , T _PT , T _PR and T _Оδ at time t _OH calculate the new current value of the heat flux of dispersion σ _pδ corresponding to the increased temperature T _about the environment, according to the formula σ _pδ = σ _{p side1δ} + σ _{p side2δ} + σ _{p side δ} + σ _pk1δ + σ _pk2δ ,

- heat dissipation flow through a part of the second wall of the apparatus that separates the coolant from the first layer of thermal insulation, corresponding to the changed conditions of heat transfer,

- heat dissipation flow through a part of the second wall of the apparatus, separating the coolant vapor from the first layer of thermal insulation, corresponding to the changed conditions of heat transfer,

- heat flux dispersion through the bottom of the second wall of the apparatus, corresponding to the changed conditions of heat transfer,

- heat dissipation flow through the cover of the first wall of the apparatus, separating the vapors above the reaction mass from the second layer of thermal insulation, corresponding to the changed conditions of heat transfer,

- heat dissipation flow through the cover of the second wall of the apparatus, separating the coolant vapor from the first layer of thermal insulation, corresponding to the changed conditions of heat transfer, where α _B11δ , α _b22δ , α _B2δ , α _HOδ are the current values of the heat transfer coefficients α _B11 , α _b22 , α _B2 , α _HO corresponding to the changed heat transfer conditions, calculate the new value of the equivalent power P _{ass δ} for σ _pδ , compare the new value of the equivalent power P _zadδ with the initial value P _rear, and a signal proportional to the difference in accordance with the formula is fed to the power controller, generating an additional signal for actuating the heater for a predetermined law, characterized in that it further at a constant temperature T _{about the} environment surrounding the apparatus near it, an abrupt increase in the heater power determines the delay time T _{p of the} apparatus according to the perturbation channel “heater power - liquid heat carrier temperature” from the moment the heater power increases until the temperature T _T , the heat carrier fluid begins to increase, an abrupt decrease in temperature T _o , the environment surrounding the apparatus near it, at a constant heater power equal to the equivalent power P _ass. determine the delay time τ _{T of the} apparatus by the disturbance channel “temperature of the medium surrounding the apparatus near it — temperature of the liquid coolant” from the moment the temperature T _{about the} environment surrounding the apparatus near it decreases to the beginning of the decrease in the temperature of the liquid coolant T _T from the delay time of the apparatus by the disturbance channel "the temperature of the medium surrounding the apparatus near it - the temperature of the liquid coolant" subtract the delay time of the apparatus along the disturbance channel "heater power - temperature heat transfer fluid ", thus obtaining the delay time difference τ _RT , that is τ _rt = τ _t -τ _r , and as the value of T _o when calculating the heat fluxes of dispersion, its value T _op (t) is used, which is determined in accordance with the functional dependence T _op (t) = T _o (t-τ _rt ).

Images