RU2258041C2 - Galvanizing cone - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: purifying industrial sewage.

SUBSTANCE: galvanizing cone has housing made of trancated cone whose greater base points upward. The cone is provided with the arresting grid positioned on the top face of the cone, air dispergators, relief bottom, supplying pipe, stops made of stiffening ribs, and vibration drive for setting the housing in vertical vibrations. The supplying pipe is made of either pipe with conical funnel or tangential guide. The openings of the air dispergator are made in the side of the housing and inclined to the plane of the housing base at an angle no less than 30° and no more than 40°. The dispergators can be made of perforated false bottom provided with staggered openings parallel to the housing walls. The angle of inclination of the generatrix of the cone is equal to the golden section for coefficients K = 2.618 and K = 4.236. The vibration device is made of a chamber with the rod. The block that transmits vertical vibration to the housing is mounted inside the chamber above the unbalance.

EFFECT: reduced cost and enhanced efficiency.

7 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for the treatment of industrial wastewater and can be used for the disposal of galvanic, metallurgical, chemical and other industries from various contaminants, for example, impurities: non-ferrous and heavy metals, halides, cyanides, as well as oil and oil impurities.

A device is known in the form of a vertical cylindrical column with a filler, nozzles for the input and output of drains and air. The column body is rigidly fixed on a platform mounted on supports with the possibility of oscillating movements, the platform is equipped with an electric motor, a rod with a load placed on it is rigidly fixed to the shaft of the electric motor perpendicular to its axis [1].

As is known, for the galvanochemical treatment of industrial wastewater from the above impurities, a coagulator is used, which contains a rotating body at an angle, one of the coagulator walls is removable and perforated, a load in the form of a galvanic cell, a loading device in the form of a distribution pipe, the lower part of which is installed at a distance from the wall opposite the removable wall, and is equipped with ribs, and the upper part is fixed to the removable wall, the unloading device, drive, supports, base [2].

The galvanocoagulator [2] is the closest to the claimed in the aggregate of essential features and is adopted as a prototype of the claimed device.

A necessary condition for the efficient implementation of the wastewater treatment process using the galvanochemical treatment method is the mixing factor of the galvanic couple elements. During the mixing of the components of the galvanic pair, which differ in their physical and mechanical parameters, the stratification of the components of the galvanic pair will occur, which will lead to a decrease in cleaning, since the effect of a short-circuited galvanic pair is observed only in conditions of direct contact between the elements. This is due to the desire to prevent separation of the filler components.

To optimize the conditions of aeration, treated flow, it is necessary to strive to reduce the diameter of air bubbles.

The process of wastewater treatment by the method of galvanochemical treatment is mass transfer, the significant factors affecting its intensity (efficiency) include the nature of the hydrodynamic situation at the interface: galvanic couples (solid phase) -reversible solution (liquid phase).

One of the most radical methods to overcome the limiting effect of the diffusion barrier is the creation of an unsteady hydrodynamic situation at the phase boundary, for example, by means of hydraulic weighing (fluidization) of a galvanic couple.

The aim of the invention is to reduce costs and increase the efficiency of wastewater treatment from heavy metal cations and anions.

The technical result in the device for treating industrial wastewater is achieved by the fact that the wastewater interacts with the components of the galvanic couple in the hydraulic weighing field, with its vertical oscillatory movements, lateral air flows are superimposed on the wall side layer of the galvanic couple, and vertical air flows on the galvanic couple layer in the base of the cone .

Distinctive features of the prototype of the claimed device: a device for perfect displacement is proposed, the cleaning is practically unlimited; the body of the device is made in the form of a truncated cone, facing up with a large base; restrictive lattice located on the upper end of the cone; air dispersants in the form of lateral dispersants, perforated false bottom; unloading bottom; a feed pipe with a conical bell fixed in the form of stiffeners with tangential guides; the cone is supported by springs and is brought into vertical movement by a vibrodrive, made in the form of a chamber with a rod, inside of which crackers are located above the unbalance, transmitting only vertical oscillatory motion to the cone, guides moving inside the chamber, gearbox and motor.

A disadvantage of the known device are:

1. Large energy consumption for rotation of the housing with galvanic couple, the complexity of the drive to rotate the housing at an angle to the horizontal plane, high complexity during operation of the apparatus. In the process of operation of this device, unwanted vibration of the components (gearbox) occurs, as well as strong noise, which complicates the process of working on the device.

2. The installation has a small fraction of the working space in the total volume of the apparatus, which reduces the specific productivity of the apparatus. The device is designed in such a way that it becomes possible to agglomerate a galvanic pair and slip the cleaned liquid without contact with the dispersion nozzle, which significantly reduces the efficiency of mass transfer and electrochemical processes in the device. With the maximum filling of the inclined drum with the load, friction and contact are reduced, since there are no conditions for the collapse of the mass. It is possible to jam the movement of the galvanic couple and generally terminate the process due to hydraulic resistance.

3. The lack of cleaning efficiency due to the gradual passivation of the surface of the filler particles between the moments of rotation of the latter and the formation of separate streams of the treated wastewater stream in the filler layer due to the creation of excess flow pressure in the distribution pipe and loosening of the filler.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which show in figure 1 a galvanic chemical cone with a Central feed pipe with a conical bell and figure 2 galvanic chemical cone with a vibrator.

The galvanochemical cone for wastewater treatment, shown in Fig. 1, consists of a cone 1, a central supply pipe 2 with a conical socket 3, a drain outlet pipe 4 with a restriction grill 5, side air dispersants 6, electroplated dispersed material 7, an unloading bottom 8 for unloading galvanic pairs and stiffeners 9.

The galvanochemical cone for wastewater treatment, shown in figure 2, consists of a cone 1, a tangential guide 10, a drain outlet pipe 4 with a restrictive grill 5, an electroplated pair of dispersed material 7, an unloading bottom 8 for unloading a galvanic couple, a perforated false bottom 11, supporting springs 12, unbalance (eccentric) 13, cracker 14 with a guide rod 15, gear 16, motor 17.

The device operates as follows.

The solution of the liquid being cleaned is fed into the cone 1 under pressure through the supply pipe 2 with a bell 3 (Fig. 1), a tangential guide 10 (Fig. 2), filling the internal volume of the galvanochemical processing device, and interacts with the galvanic pair 7.

Through the side air dispersers 6 (FIG. 1), under the perforated false bottom 11 (FIG. 2), air is supplied to the system, thereby enhancing the effect of galvanochemical cleaning of the solution from the impurities contained in it.

Under the influence of the dynamic influences of the flow of wastewater from the feed pipe with the bell on the galvanic couple, its loosening, hydraulic weighing, fluidization and transportation upwards are achieved.

The required water flow rate for hydraulic weighing (fluidization) of the heavy component of the galvanic couple was determined by the equation [3, 4]:

Q _aw = ω _equiv · υst,

where Q _aw - the flow rate of the fluid flowing from the pipe, m ³ / s,

υst - hydraulic size with a constrained fall,

ω _equiv - the equivalent area of fluidization in the plane of the fluid exit from the socket with a diameter of d ₁ and the lower base of the cone d _about and equal

ω _equiv = π.d ² _equiv / 4 = π / 4 (d _о + 2h _o / tg α / 2)

h _about - the distance of the plane of the socket from the bottom of the apparatus (for unhindered, without obstruction, the exit of solid from under the socket),

tg α / 2 - the angle of inclination of the cone,

υсв - hydraulic size at free fall for iron (ρ _m = ρ _Fe = 6000 kg / m ³ , dt = 30 mm),

υ _sv = 2.07 m / s, taking into account the tightness of the flow with porosity ε = 0.25

υst = ε ^2,39 · υ _{communication.}

The distance between the bottom of the apparatus and the plane of the conical socket h should be greater than

h> (4-6) (d _x ) _poppy ,

where (d _x ) _poppy is the maximum particle diameter of the components of the galvanic pair, m

The hydraulic resistance of the galvanic couple layer in the cone is determined by the equation ΔР = (ρ _m -ρ _о ). (1-ε) gH,

where ρ _m is the density of the components of the galvanic pair (iron, aluminum),

ρ ₀ - density of the medium, equal to 1000 kg / m ³ ,

ε - porosity equal to 0.25,

g - acceleration of gravity equal to 9.81 m / s ² ,

N - apparatus height, m.

In the expanding part of the cone, the flow velocity decreases and galvanic pairs are deposited on the side walls of the cone, move downward, in contact with each other, and their surface is updated.

The tilt angle of the cone is chosen equal to the value of the golden section with a coefficient of K = 2.618 and K = 4.236, i.e. makes an angle of 54 ° and 76 ° respectively.

To eliminate the possible accumulation of the galvanic couple on the walls, air is supplied through the lateral dispersers, which displaces the wall galvanic couple, loosens (squeezes) the galvanic couple 7, moving it downward, causing the destruction of possible agglomerates of nozzle particles, at the same time also saturates the solutions with small bubbles of dispersed air and accelerates electrochemical processes.

The air dispersant 6 is made in the form of perforation in the side wall of the cone body, the holes of the air dispersant are made with an inclination to the horizontal plane of the base of the body at an angle of at least 30 ° and not more than 40 ° (Fig. 1).

Dispersant 11 (figure 2) is made in the form of a perforated false bottom with staggered holes that are inclined from the middle parallel to the plane of inclination of the walls of the cone.

Under the influence of the moving flow along the tangential guide 11, the galvanic couple deviates to the inner wall of the cone, which is supported by supporting springs 12, and below is a vibrating device in the form of a chamber with a rod, inside of which a cracker is located above the unbalance, transmitting vertical oscillatory motion, guides moving inside the chamber and not transmitting oscillatory motion to the system, gearbox and motor.

Under the influence of a vibration device mounted on the cover of the discharge bottom, represented by an unbalance 13, a cracker 14, guides with a rod 15, a gearbox 16, a motor 17, the cone is brought into vertical oscillatory motion, which is transmitted to the mass of the galvanic couple 7 and facilitates the contacting of the components of the galvanic couple. Due to the cracker and guides with the rod, unbalance (eccentric), the cone is given only vertical movement (up or down), at other positions of the unbalance only the cracker is moved, which cannot transmit movement to the cone. The vertical movement of the cone is suppressed by the support springs 12.

As a result of such movements and collisions of the particles of the galvanic couple 7, the diffusion boundary layer is continuously updated on the surface of the particles of the galvanic couple components, thereby increasing the efficiency of mass transfer processes between the solid and liquid phases and, therefore, increasing the cleaning efficiency.

Purified water together with metal hydroxides is discharged from the device through the internal drain pipe 4 with a restrictive grill 5.

The main force acting in the device is the dynamic effect of the water flow that occurs when the solution is supplied. Under the action of the flow, the galvanic couple is thrown to the wall of the device body, the particles come into contact with each other, the solution passes through the galvanic couple 7 and is carried out with a drain. The feed pipe controls the movement of the galvanic couple and thereby ensures high circulation and prevents sediment deposition in the cone. This combination of the effective distribution of air and its dispersion, the maintenance of suspended solids contributes to the effective removal of impurities.

The loading of the galvanic couple is carried out from above, after removing the grill 5, and unloading through the hatch 8 with a handle after preliminary removal of the perforated false bottom 11 along special guides (not shown in Fig. 2).

The use of air dispersants can improve the efficiency of the cleaning process, because provides the ability to conduct mass transfer processes of galvanochemical purification in the presence of oxygen.

Due to the fact that in the claimed device movable mechanical elements are available in a limited amount, energy consumption during its operation is minimal. The proposed solution meets the criteria of industrial applicability, novelty and inventive step.

Sources of information

1. RF patent 2130433 C1 6 C 02 F 9/00, 1/463. Otub. 05/20/99 Bull. Number 14.

2. RF patent 2074124 C1 6 C 02 F1 / 463. Coagulator. Otub. 02/27/97 Bul. No. 6 (prototype).

3. RF patent 2057080 C1 6 C 02 F 1 / 463. Wastewater treatment method and device for its implementation Opub. 03/20/96 Bull. Number 14.

4. Kizevalter B.V. Theoretical foundations of gravitational enrichment processes. M .: Nedra, 1979.

Claims (8)

1. Device for galvanochemical wastewater treatment, including a tank filled with galvanomass, with nozzles for supplying wastewater and for discharging treated water, supplying galvanic couples and removing sludge, characterized in that the casing is made in the form of a truncated cone with a large base facing up, equipped with a restrictive grate placed on the upper end of the cone, air dispersants, discharge bottom, feed pipe, stops made in the form of stiffeners, vibrodrive to give the body a vertical track bany. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sewage pipe is made in the form of a central feed pipe with a conical bell. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipe for supplying wastewater is made in the form of a tangential guide on top of the perforated dispersant. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the bottom of the apparatus and the plane of the conical socket should be greater than the value h> (4-6) (d _x ) _poppy , where (d _x ) _poppy is the maximum diameter of the galvanic couple particles, m . 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the dispersant air is placed in the side wall of the cone body, the holes of the air dispersant are made with an inclination to the horizontal plane of the base of the housing at an angle of not less than 30 ° and not more than 40 °. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the dispersants are made in the form of a perforated false bottom with staggered holes that are inclined from the middle parallel to the plane of inclination of the walls of the cone. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the cone is chosen equal to the value of the golden ratio for the coefficients K = 2.618 and K = 4.236. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibration device is made in the form of a chamber with a rod, inside of which a cracker is located above the unbalance, transmitting the vertical oscillatory movement to the cone, gearbox and motor.

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