RU2257369C2 - "grammonit-m" blasting explosive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining; industrial production of blasting explosives.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the field of industrial production of "Grammonit-M" blasting explosive and may be used in mining at developmentmineral deposits on the ground and in mines without a danger of a gas dust explosions. The invention presents a blasting explosive containing a granular ammonium nitrate and granular trotyl. At that instead of a part of the granular trotyl they introduce a liquid oil product - a diesel fuel and a mineral oil in the amount necessary to balance the composition by oxygen. The invention is intended for creation of a blasting explosive secure at its manufacture and treatment.

EFFECT: the invention ensures creation of a blasting explosive secure at its manufacture and treatment.

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Description

The invention relates to industrial explosives and can be used in the mining industry in the development of mineral deposits on the surface and in mines that are not dangerous for gas and dust.

Known industrial explosive grammonite 79/21 [1, 2], which is a mechanical mixture of granular (dense) ammonium nitrate and TNT in a ratio of 79% and 21%, respectively.

Grammonite 79/21 is manufactured in the factory; it is used in the mining industry for blasting operations in quarries, open pits and in mines in non-watered or slightly watered conditions for rocks of medium strength (with a coefficient of strength from 10 to 16).

The disadvantages of grammonite 79/21, taken as a prototype, are:

1) a relatively high cost in comparison with explosives manufactured in the field of application;

2) increased risk of handling;

3) there is no possibility of controlling the force of the explosion depending on the conditions of the explosion.

The invention allows to achieve the following technical result - risk reduction in the manufacture of the composition and when handling it, to regulate the energy performance of the composition in accordance with the conditions of the explosion, as well as reduce its cost.

The technical result is achieved in that a non-explosive combustible component — liquid petroleum product — diesel fuel or oil in the amount necessary to ensure zero or close oxygen balance of the composition is introduced into grammonite instead of a part of TNT.

Grammonite modernized in this way will allow:

- reduce the danger when handling explosives, as liquid petroleum will have a phlegmatizing effect;

- to produce grammonite at the place of use, since the danger will be reduced when handling it due to the binding of small fractions of granulotol with a liquid oil product;

- to produce grammonite with a content of TNT wt.%: 10, 14 and 18 by changing the ratio between TNT and a liquid combustible component, selecting the composition according to energy indicators in accordance with the conditions of the explosion.

Due to the combined influence of the above factors, the cost of grammonite in comparison with grammonite 79/21 can be reduced by 1.5-2 times.

The component composition and oxygen balance of grammonite with different TNT contents in comparison with 79/21 grammonite are presented in Table 1

Table 1 No. Name of components The content of components,%, mass. Grammonite 79/21 (GOST 21988-76) Grammonite M10 Grammonite M14 Grammonite M18 1. Ammonium nitrate 79 86.5 83 79.5 2. TNT 21 10 14 eighteen 3. Liquid petroleum product (diesel fuel, oil) 3.0 2.0 1.0 4. Oxygen balance +0.3 -0.4 -0.50 -0.60

The calculated detonation parameters of grammonite with different TNT contents in comparison with 79/21 grammonite are presented in Table 2

table 2 No. Name of characteristics Indicators Grammonite a 79/21 Grammonite M18 Grammonite M14 Grammonite M10 1. The specific heat of the explosion. MJ / kg (kcal / kg) 4.43 (1050) 4.36 (1040) 4.28 (1020) 4.20 (1000) 2. Knock speed, m / s 5300 5250 5200 5150 3. Knock pressure, MPa 5200 5100 5000 4900 Notes: The initial density of all compositions ρ = 0.90 g / cm ³ .

Sources of information

1. Industrial explosives. Grammonites. Technical conditions GOST 21988-76.

2. Dubnov L.V. and other industrial explosives. - M .: Nedra, 1988, p. 250.

Claims (1)

Explosive composition, including granular ammonium nitrate, granulated TNT, characterized in that it contains, instead of a part of granulated TNT, liquid petroleum product - diesel fuel or mineral oil in the amount necessary to balance the composition with respect to oxygen, with a ratio of components, wt.%: Granular ammonium nitrate 79.5 Granulated TNT 18 Diesel or mineral oil 2.5 or with a ratio of components, wt.%: Granular ammonium nitrate 83 TNT granular 14 Diesel or mineral oil 3 or with a ratio of components, wt.%: Granular ammonium nitrate 86.5 Granulated TNT 10 Diesel or mineral oil 3.5