RU2256694C1 - Multifunctional gasoline additive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: gasoline production.

SUBSTANCE: high-antiknock additive for motor gasolines contains, wt %: N-methylalanine 30-45, oxygen-containing compound 51.3-65.1, special-type agent 3-4, hindered phenol 0.1-0.2, amine-type antioxidant with operation temperature range above 150°C, 0.1-1.5, and aminophenol 0.2-0.3. Additive increases octane number of gasoline, reduces content of harmful components in exhaust gases, and prolongs lifetime of exhaust gas afterburning catalysts.

EFFECT: improved performance characteristics.

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Description

The invention relates to oil refining and petrochemicals, in particular to a multifunctional high-octane additive for gasoline, for example, for automobiles.

Known composite additive to motor gasolines, containing, wt.%: N-methylaniline - 20-25, aniline - 0.5-5.0, N, N-dimethylaniline - 0.5-5.0, nitrobenzene - 5-6 ethanol 10-15, isobutanol (tertbutanol) 8-12, isopentanol 5-10, methyl tert-butyl ether up to 100 (1).

This additive provides good performance and octane enhancing properties of the fuel.

However, the content of nitrobenzene and N, N-dimethylaniline in the additive leads to the formation of nitrogen oxides and benz-α-pyrene, the most toxic components of the exhaust gases.

Known multifunctional additive for hydrocarbon fuels for internal combustion engines, which contains the product of the interaction of the aliphatic amine C ₁₀ -C ₄₀ or aromatic amine C ₆ -C ₈ , ethoxylated alkyl (C ₈ -C ₉ ) -phenol having 4-12 hydroxyethyl groups, with oxidized hydrocarbons or with monobasic fatty acids C ₁₀ -C ₂₂ , or with dibasic acids C ₄ -C ₂₀ , or a mixture of reaction products - 0.5-10, aromatic amines - 7-94, shielded phonols or bisphenols - 0.1 -2.0, oxygenates - up to 100 wt.% (2). However, along with a significant increase in the antiknock properties (octane number - O.H.) of gasolines, due to the use of the interaction product, the environmental properties of gasolines with this additive are deteriorating.

Closest to the proposed is a multifunctional additive to motor gasolines, including, wt.%: Ferrocene - 0.05-3.0, antioxidant - 0.1-0, 2, aniline - 0.1-10.0, additive “AUTOMAG ”- not more than 6.0, C ₃ -C ₅ alcohols and / or their ethers - not more than 95.0, N-methylaniline - 4.0-98.0 (3).

This additive is introduced into gasoline in an amount of 0.2-20 wt.%. Although it provides an increase in the octane number, however, it is not sufficient.

In addition, the ferrocene content in the additive, although it increases the antiknock properties of gasoline, is at the same time the cause of the formation of iron oxide deposits on the piston heads, engine cylinder walls and spark plugs.

The objective of the present invention is to develop a new multifunctional additive to motor gasolines, which increases the antiknock properties of gasolines.

The task is achieved in that the multifunctional additive includes the following components: N-methylaniline, an oxygen-containing compound — aliphatic C ₁ -C ₅ alcohols, or mixtures thereof, and / or ethers, the additive “AUTOMAG”, shielded phenol, and according to the invention it is additionally contains an amine type antioxidant with a working temperature range above 150 ° C and aminophenol in the following ratio, wt.%:

N-methylaniline 30-45

Oxygen-containing compound 51.3-65.1

Additive “AUTOMAG” 3-4

Shielded Phenol 0.1-0.2

Amine Type Antioxidant

with a working temperature range above 150 ° C 0.2-1.5

Aminophenol 0.2-0.3

The basic requirements for increasing the octane number, protecting the most important engine components from pollution, improving the environmental properties of exhaust gases can be fulfilled by introducing into the gasoline the multifunctional additive proposed by the present invention, which is based on detergent and octane increasing additives.

The additive “AUTOMAG” is a washing additive and protects the engine systems from the deposition of resins. The additive “AUTOMAG” is a solution in the hydrocarbon fraction of the condensation product of polyamine NH ₂ - (CH ₂ ) ₂ - (NH-CH ₂ -CH ₂ ) _n - NH ₂ , where n = 0-4, with C ₇ -C fatty acids ₂₀ (5-20%), aliphatic alcohol C ₃ -C ₄ (25-40%), (C ₈ -C ₁₀ ) monoalkyl ether of polyethylene glycol with 4-7 hydroxyethylene groups (0.3-5%) (4) TU 38-401-867. N-methylaniline (TU 6-14-375) in a multifunctional additive is an octane enhancing additive.

As the amine type antioxidant, for example, diphenylamine, nitrosodiphenylamine, aminotriacetoneamine derivatives, N-isopropylaminodiphenylamine and other aromatic nitro compounds or alkyl substituted aromatic amines and diamines can be used.

The oxygen-containing compound increases the stability of gasolines at low temperature, eliminates the crystallization of water entering the gasoline, increases the completeness of combustion of hydrocarbons and thus improves the environmental performance of exhaust gases.

As the oxygen-containing compound, aliphatic C ₁ -C ₅ alcohols, straight or branched alcohols, or a mixture thereof, and / or their ethers, or mixtures thereof, for example, a mixture of isobutanol with methyl tert-butyl ether, isopropanol with methanol, ethanol with methanol and with methyl tert-butyl ether in various ratios, etc.

As shielded phenol, for example, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, ionol (agidol), 2,2'-methylene-bis-4-methylphenol are used.

As aminophenol, it is preferable to use para-oxydiphenylamine.

The composition of the proposed multifunctional additives can be prepared both by sequential mixing of its components, and in the form of a solution in N-methylaniline or as a eutectic mixture based on N-methylaniline and an oxygen-containing compound.

The increase in octane number is determined on the installation of "Octane" according to the research method (GOST 51-82 and GOST 8226-82).

As a base, use gasoline A-76 with an octane number (O.CH.I.) 76.2-76.3 (Note: “O.CH.I.” means: the octane number obtained by the research method), the concentration of the additive in gasoline A- 76 -1.3 wt.%.

The composition of the claimed additives and the characteristics of the increase in the octane number of gasoline are presented in the table (see below).

Since the composition of a multifunctional additive includes organic compounds of various chemical nature and structure, balanced in quantitative composition, their synergistic effect on the specific properties of each other with respect to increasing the operational characteristics of gasolines is manifested. The possibility of an equivalent replacement in the formulation of an additive of functionally equivalent components of different chemical nature allows the proposed additive to be used to produce high-quality gasolines on a different gasoline base: gasoline base for unleaded A-76, commodity A-76 and unleaded commodity AI-92; unleaded, straight-run fraction 85-180 ° С with an octane number of 42 m.m., catalytic reforming raffinates with an octane number of 60-62 m.m. different oil refineries.

The proposed multifunctional additive as a component of gasoline has high antiknock properties.

Sources of information

1. RF patent №2151169, published. 06/20/2000.

2. RF patent No. 2078118, published. 04/27/1997.

3. RF patent No. 2132359, published. June 27, 1999 (prototype).

4. RF patent №2139914, published 01.10.1999.

Claims (1)

Multifunctional additive for gasoline, including N-methylaniline, an oxygen-containing compound - aliphatic C ₁ -C ₅ , alcohols, or mixtures thereof, and / or ethers, or mixtures thereof, the additive AUTOMAG, screened phenol, characterized in that it additionally contains an antioxidant amine type with a working temperature range above 150 ° C and aminophenol in the following ratio, wt.%: N-methylaniline 30-45 Oxygen-containing compound 51.3-65.1 Additive AUTOMAG 3-4 Shielded Phenol 0.1-0.2 Amine Type Antioxidant with a working temperature range above 150 ° C 0.2-1.5 Aminophenol 0.2-0.3