RU225637U1 - Rotary pulsation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to means for dispersing and homogenizing. The device contains a housing with inlet and outlet openings and a grinding device installed inside the housing with concentric rows of protrusions with grooves. The device contains an axial source of hydraulic traction. The body of the device is made of polyamide-based polymer material and includes a central section, a back cover and a front cover, connected into a single unit using detachable connections. The technical result is improved dispersion quality.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for dispersing, homogenizing, moving homogeneous mixtures, in particular to pumps for processing pulp media of organic materials, and can be used in the food industry, perfumery, in the processing of organic waste, oil and petroleum products, biofuels, bitumen and asphalt coatings , construction materials, obtaining food mixtures, pharmacological preparations and cosmetic mixtures, etc.

State of the art

A rotary pulsation apparatus is known from the prior art, containing a drive, a housing with inlet and outlet pipes, and a rotor and stator installed in the housing, on the working surfaces of which there are rows of protrusions concentrically arranged around the circumference, alternating with grooves; the rotor contains an inlet impeller (RU 2516559, published 02/10/2014). The disadvantage of this known device is the insufficient manufacturability and operation, as well as the high complexity of the seal assembly.

Essence of a utility model

The objective of the claimed utility model is to improve the operational properties of a rotary-pulsation device that exerts a hydraulic impact on the pulp and expands the scope of application.

The utility model ensures the achievement of the following technical results: increased resistance to clogging, increased pressure characteristics and service life of seals, increased impact on pulp particles, increased processing efficiency.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the rotary pulsation apparatus contains a housing with inlet and outlet openings and a grinding device installed inside the housing, which contains movable and stationary elements having concentric rows of protrusions with grooves, said movable element contains an axial source of hydraulic traction, said housing includes a central section, a rear cover and a front cover, connected into a single unit by means of detachable connections, the rear cover is configured to be fixed to the engine flange, a sealing chamber is formed in the said rear cover, which communicates with the mixing chamber formed in the said central section, and contains hole communicating with the mechanical seal chamber.

The specified technical result is also achieved by the fact that the housing contains a metal sleeve intended for installing a mechanical seal, and the grinding device is designed to create centrifugal hydraulic thrust, and the axial source of hydraulic thrust is made in the form of an impeller.

This technical result is also achieved by the fact that the movable element contains a second axial source of hydraulic traction located on the opposite side of the first.

The specified technical result is also achieved by the fact that the movable element of the grinding device is made in the form of a disk assembled from two parts, while the part on which a series of protrusions with grooves and the first axial source of hydraulic traction is formed is made of metal, and the part on which the second is formed axial source of hydraulic traction, made of polyamide-based polymer material.

A distinctive feature of the utility model is that the device body is made of polyamide-based polymer material and is assembled, consisting of three parts.

List of drawing figures

In fig. Figure 1 shows the top view of the device.

In fig. Figure 2 shows the device in an axial section.

In fig. 3 shows section A-A, indicated in FIG. 1

In fig. Figure 4 shows the rotor of the device.

In fig. Figure 5 shows the assembly structure of the device.

Implementation of a utility model

The grinding of particles of solid, liquid or jelly-like substances in a liquid medium is required in many industries and in various technologies. Grinding is carried out in the processes of dispersion/dispersion (i.e. crushing particles of a solid or liquid substance in a liquid medium), emulsification (grinding a liquid in a liquid medium). Grinding is a necessary stage of homogenization - the process of uniform distribution of particles of one substance in another.

As a result of grinding and subsequent homogenization, dispersed systems are formed in which one substance is distributed within the volume of another. For example, fat globules in milk, or flour stirred in a glass of water. The distributed substance is called the dispersed phase, and the base of the mixture is called the dispersed medium.

A wide variety of equipment has been created to carry out grinding and homogenization.

The most common disperse systems are emulsions and suspensions. An emulsion is a distribution of small (from 1 to 50 microns) droplets of one liquid in another. A suspension is a suspension of solid particles in a liquid.

The greatest efficiency is achieved by equipment in which the mixed components are simultaneously subjected to a complex of mechanical and physical factors: mechanical shock pulsations, acoustic, resonant and cavitation effects. In such devices, the starting substances and media are crushed (or dispersed) even at the molecular level and, due to turbulence, are transformed into a homogeneous mass.

This utility model relates to flow devices of the rotary-pulsation principle of operation, performing the functions of pumping devices (pumps), activators, mixers, homogenizers and dispersants.

Rotary pulsation devices are successfully used both in food production (fruit and vegetable juices, sauces, purees, soft cottage cheese, yoghurts, mayonnaise, liquor products, beer, casein gels from powdered milk) and in non-food industries (production of medicines and cosmetic substances, processing of petroleum products, biofuels, etc.).

This utility model is a device that is structurally and operating principle similar to a centrifugal pump.

The rotary pulsation apparatus 1 in accordance with the present utility model is designed to be mounted on the flange of the electric motor 2, as shown in Fig. 1. The device contains a prefabricated housing having 3 inlet and 4 outlet holes.

The body is made of a prefabricated polymer material based on polyamide and includes a central section 5, a back cover 6 and a front cover 7, connected into a single unit by means of detachable connections 8. The inlet 3 for supplying the working medium and mixed components is located in the center of the front cover 7 and is equipped with mounting fittings for the pipeline (not shown). The outlet 4 is located on the side of the central section 5 and is usually directed upward during operation. The outlet 4 for releasing the finished product is also equipped with mounting hardware for the pipeline (not shown).

Polyamide-based thermoplastics are used as the body material, in particular, those produced using the so-called “RIM technology” (“reaction-injection molding”) and have high strength, damping and anti-friction properties, are not subject to chipping and have high resistance to short-term high load with the ability to restore its original shape after removing the load. Such materials have a specific gravity of about 1.18 g/cm ³ and have high chemical resistance to various media (water, synthetic and mineral oils, including with various additives, diesel fuel and gasoline, coolants, alcohols, weak solutions of acids and alkalis). Examples of polymer materials based on polyamides with the properties listed above include rimamide, anilone, versions of nylon, caprolon, nylon, caproloctane, PA-6, polycaproamide and other materials with similar properties.

A grinding device is installed inside the housing, including a moving element (rotor) 9 and a stationary element (stator) 10, on which concentric rows of protrusions 11 with grooves 12 are made. The rotor 9 is fixed on the shaft of a horizontally located electric motor 2. A key or spline is used to transmit rotation. and for fixation, a screw, bolt or nut 19, as shown in Fig. 2.

The protrusions 11 are terminologically known in the same way as teeth, lamellas, cutters, blades, etc. The shape of the protrusions can be different. In the standard version it is U-shaped. The distance between the protrusions 11 is directly proportional to the degree of grinding. In the standard version, the distance between the protrusions 11 is equal to the width of the protrusions 11 themselves. After assembling the apparatus, there is a small gap between the rows of protrusions of the rotor 9 and stator 10, ranging from 0.3 mm to 0.7 mm. It is most advisable to provide a gap of 0.5 mm, which allows the production of highly dispersed products with particle sizes from 15 microns to 30 microns. The number of concentric rows of rotor 9 and stator 10 is determined by the required degree of particle size reduction and homogenization of the final product, as well as by the parameters of the initial mixture. As a rule, two pairs of concentric rows are sufficient - two on the rotor 9 and two on the stator 10. A three-row scheme can be used (two rows of protrusions on the rotor, one on the stator), five rows (three rows of protrusions on the rotor, two on the stator) or seven in-line (four rows of protrusions on the rotor, three on the stator).

The grinding device can be configured to create centrifugal hydraulic thrust, which is achieved by the form of the protrusions 11 with bevels, ensuring the ejection of the liquid medium under the influence of areas of radial vacuum in the working medium.

The moving element 9 contains an axial source of hydraulic thrust 13, which provides suction of the working medium through the inlet 3. It is advisable to make the axial source 13 of hydraulic thrust in the form of an impeller with blades, also known as an impeller or scroll. The number and shape of blades are selected depending on the required power and performance. It is advisable to provide the outer diameter d of the impeller 13 with a value of from 0.8 to 0.95 from the inner diameter D of the concentric row of protrusions 11 closest to the impeller, as shown in Fig. 4. If the diameter ratio is less than 0.8, the speed of the input flow of the working medium will decrease, which will reduce the intensity of dynamic phenomena (turbulence) and the efficiency of the device will decrease. At ratios greater than 0.95 there is a risk of damage to the blades if large solid particles enter. The impeller 13 may be configured as a one-way entry (either clockwise or counterclockwise) as shown in FIG. 4 and double-sided. Making the impeller 13 with a double-sided input will allow you to periodically change the direction of rotation of the motor shaft 2 and change the loaded state of the blades, which will increase their service life.

The rear cover 6 of the housing is designed to be mounted on the flange of the motor 2 and contains a metal sleeve 14 designed for installing a mechanical seal 15. The mechanical seal 15 (also known as a “cuff” or “oil seal”) is installed on the motor shaft 2 and is held by a metal bushing 14 and retaining ring 17. The material of the mechanical seal 15 is selected depending on the components of the dispersed system. To prevent the working environment from entering engine 2, ring 17 acts as a bumper. Shaft seal 15 is selected depending on operating conditions. The main problem in maintaining seal performance is its heat resistance, since the temperature of the working environment can exceed 90°C. The metal sleeve 14, due to its high heat capacity, ensures heat removal from the seal 15, thereby extending its service life.

To increase the productivity and suction speed of the working medium, the rotor 9 may contain a second axial source 16 of hydraulic traction, located on the opposite side of the first. It is also advisable to make the second axial source 16 of hydraulic traction in the form of an impeller with blades. The number and shape of the blades are also selected depending on the required power and performance. It is advisable to choose the diameter of the second impeller 16 from 1.3 to 1.8 times the diameter of the first impeller 13.

Structurally, the movable element 9 of the grinding device is made in the form of a disk assembled from two parts, as shown in Fig. 4, the protrusions 11 of the rotor 9 and the first impeller 13 are located on one side, and the second impeller 16 is located on the opposite side. The part of the rotor that carries a series of projections 11 with grooves 12 and the first axial source 13 of hydraulic traction is made of metal and includes a hub with a key on which the second impeller 16 is mounted. It is most preferable to use stainless steel with a layer of tungsten carbide applied by plasma spraying. The part of the rotor 9 with the second axial source 16 of hydraulic traction is made of the same material as the housing. Since the second impeller 16 is installed on the opposite side of the rotor 9, its suction direction should be opposite to the first impeller 13.

It is advisable to make the metal parts of the device from steel 12Х18Н10Т, 10Х17Н13М2Т or 40X13 with the necessary heat treatment (hardening, etc.).

The tightness of the housing is ensured by installing sealing rings 18 between the central part 5 and covers 6 and 7.

The assembled housing contains a mixing chamber and a mechanical seal chamber. In the mixing chamber formed by the inner surface of the central section 5 and the front cover 7, a rotor 9 is installed, the concentric rows of protrusions 11 of which form a small gap with the concentric rows of protrusions 11 of the stator 10.

Inside the assembled housing, the inlet 3 communicates with the outlet 4 through the mixing chamber and the first impeller 13. The seal chamber is formed by the inner surface of the rear cover 6 and communicates through the second impeller 16 with the mixing chamber.

The compaction chamber and mixing chambers have 20 drain holes.

A hole 20 can be made in the rear cover of the housing 6, connected to the seal chamber to create an external hydraulic connection with the output flow of the finished product.

The device works as follows.

The rotary pulsation apparatus is installed on the shaft of the electric motor 2 and secured to its flange, for example, with bolts and nuts. As a result, the mechanical seal 15 is installed on the motor shaft in a metal sleeve 14 and fixed by a ring 17. The rotor 9 is secured to the motor shaft 2, for example, using a nut 19. In the assembled state, concentric rows of protrusions 11 of the rotor 9 form a working gap with concentric rows of protrusions 11 of the stator 10. The motor shaft 2 with the rotor 9 is driven into rotation.

The principle of operation of the device is that the working medium flows through the pipeline through the inlet 3 into the central part of the rotor 9. Hydraulic traction is provided by the blades of the first impeller 13, which throw the working medium to the periphery of the rotor 9 in the area of the protrusions 11, as well as the centrifugal effect of rotation rotor 9. The working medium passes in the gaps between the protrusions 11 and the rows of protrusions 11 of the rotor and stator, under the influence of which solid, liquid and gel-like particles of the dispersed phase are crushed. The resulting fine emulsion or suspension leaves the unit through outlet 4.

The second impeller 16, located on the other side of the rotor 9, creates additional hydraulic thrust, increasing the performance of the device and increasing the intensity of turbulence in the working environment.

The working medium passes into the seal chamber 15, cooling it due to heat removal. Additional heat removal is provided by a metal sleeve 14, in which a mechanical seal 15 is installed.

The compaction chamber can be communicated with the output stream of the finished product through the hole 21 in the rear housing cover 6 by means of an external pipeline. In this case, the final product passes through hole 21 into the compaction chamber and then, under the action of hydraulic traction from the second impeller 16, flows back into the mixing chamber. This achieves additional cooling of the mechanical seal 15 and increases the dispersion of the final product.

The device has not only a mechanical effect on the working environment, crushing the dispersed phase due to impact, abrasion and shearing loads that occur during the contact of particles with the rotor 9 and stator 10.

A high degree of turbulence and flow velocity of the working medium, as well as pressure pulsation, cause the occurrence of hydrodynamic effects. Turbulence occurs in the annular gap between the rows of protrusions 11, between which there are slots. The output flow consists of jets of the working medium passing between the slots of the protrusions 11. It is characterized by complex velocity fields. The presence of a constant source of energy, which is the flow itself, together with turbulence, forms a self-oscillating system. In addition to this, the movement of the protrusions 11 of the rotor 9 relative to the stator 10, causing a jerky change in the sources of pressure and vacuum, leads to the formation of vortices that destroy particles.

The third type of impact that the device has on the dispersed phase is hydroacoustic. It occurs due to intense cavitation and significant shock waves.

The jets of the working medium that have passed the grinding stage are mixed in the mixing chamber, thereby homogenizing the final product.

The rotating rotor 9 ensures the transportation of the finished product into the external pipeline through the outlet 4.

Thus, when the rotor 9 rotates, there is frequent overlap of the protrusions 11 with the grooves of the rotor 9 and the protrusions 11 and the grooves of the stator 10. As a result, the pre-mixed components, due to the effects on them of complex pulsating mechanical effects and acoustic, resonant and cavitation phenomena, are subject to crushing ( dispersion) even at the molecular level and due to turbulence are transformed into a homogeneous mass. The rotor protrusions 11 impart kinetic energy to this mass and remove it through the outlet 4.

Claims (4)

1. A rotary pulsation apparatus containing a housing with inlet and outlet openings and a grinding device installed inside the housing, which contains movable and stationary elements having concentric rows of protrusions with grooves, said movable element contains an axial source of hydraulic traction, said housing includes a central section, a rear cover and a front cover connected into a single unit by means of detachable connections, the rear cover is configured to be fixed to the engine flange, a mechanical seal chamber is formed in the said rear cover, which communicates with the mixing chamber formed in the said central section, and contains an opening in communication with mechanical seal chamber. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing contains a metal sleeve intended for installing a mechanical seal, and the grinding device is designed to create centrifugal hydraulic thrust, and the axial source of hydraulic thrust is made in the form of an impeller. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable element contains a second axial source of hydraulic traction, located on the opposite side of the first. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable element of the grinding device is made in the form of a disk assembled from two parts, while the part on which a series of protrusions with grooves and the first axial source of hydraulic traction is formed is made of metal, and the part, on which the second axial source of hydraulic traction is formed, is made of a polyamide-based polymer material.