RU2255804C1 - Method of preparing sorbent for crude oil, petroleum products, and liquid hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sorbents in petroleum industry.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises applying a layer of organosilicon compound in water-alcohol medium onto the surface of swelled perlite and/or vermiculite. More specifically, granules of swelled perlite and/or vermiculite are stirred in water-alcohol solution of octyltriethoxysilane until hydrolytic polycondensation to form hydrolytically stable organosilicon film on the surface of granules, after which sorbent is dried in warm air flow or in natural manner. Such process requires less power and organosilicon compound deeper penetrates into pores of swelled perlite and/or vermiculite granules thereby increasing degree of floatability of sorbent and its sorption capacity.

EFFECT: increased sorption capacity.

2 cl, 3 tbl, 2 ex

Description

A method of producing a sorbent for oil and oil products relates to the field of chemical industry and, in particular, to the production of sorbents.

A known method of producing a sorbent for oil and petroleum products (AS USSR No. 1224267, priority 15.03.83, C 02 F 1/27), including the treatment of expanded perlite sand with a water repellent, which uses C ₂₀ -C ₃₀ paraffin hydrocarbons, sodium salts of carboxylic acids C ₇ -C ₃₀ and coal tar. The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the process due to the use of a large number of components for hydrophobization.

A known method of producing a sorbent for water purification from oil (Verlitskaya PM, Tarasevich Yu.I., Colloid chemistry, environmental problems. Abstracts of the All-Union Conference, Minsk, 28-30.05.90, 1990, p. 74-75), including sequential processing expanded perlite with cationic substances: organic salts of polyamines, basic salts of polyvalent metals, and then anionic compounds: salts of higher carboxylic acids. The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the technological process for processing expanded perlite, a large number of components.

A known method of producing a sorbent for oil (Application Germany No. 2845975, priority from 10.21.78, 01 J 1/22, 09 K 3/32), adopted as a prototype. This method involves sequentially applying a layer of organosilicon compound to expanded perlite and / or vermiculite by the action of an aqueous organosilicon emulsion with a concentration of 10-200 ml / 1 L at a temperature of about 200 ° C, then a layer of paraffin hydrocarbon with a boiling point of 300-360 ° C, and then a layer of metal soap. The disadvantage of this method is the high energy intensity, duration and technological complexity of the sorbent manufacturing process, a low degree of penetration of organosilicon compounds into the pores of expanded perlite and / or vermiculite granules, and a low degree of buoyancy of the resulting sorbent.

The claimed invention solves the problem of reducing energy intensity and simplifying the technology of producing a sorbent for oil, oil products and liquid hydrocarbons, which has high hydrophobic and sorption properties.

The technical result consists in reducing the energy intensity, cheapening and simplifying the process of obtaining the sorbent for oil, oil products and liquid hydrocarbons, in increasing the penetration depth of the perlite and / or verliculite granules of the organosilicon compound in the pores, in increasing the buoyancy of the sorbent, its sorption capacity of oil, oil products, liquid hydrocarbons and accelerate their absorption, because these hydrocarbons are absorbed by the entire pore area of the sorbent granules It was experimentally established that already in the first 2-3 minutes all of these hydrocarbons spilled on water up to 90% are absorbed by the sorbent, which prevents them from spreading over the surface of water or soil, thereby reducing the risk of environmental disaster.

The inventive method is characterized in that as an organosilicon compound is used octyltriethoxysilane.

Expanded perlite and / or vermiculite granules are impregnated with an aqueous-alcoholic solution of octyltriethoxysilane by stirring, which results in the interaction of hydroxyl groups (OH), which are always present on the surface of the particles of these aluminoxysilicates with ethoxy groups of octyltriethoxysilane (polycondensation reaction). As a result of the reaction, a chemical bond is formed between the particles of aluminoxylates and octylsilane. Then the sorbent is dried naturally or in a stream of warm air to constant weight. On the entire surface of the pores of the sorbent granules, a hydrolytically stable organosilicon film is formed, bearing octal groups having oleophilic properties on its surface. It has been experimentally established that after the sorbent has been under water for 15 days, the flotation ability and its absorption capacity practically do not change. In addition, the City Testing Center of Sanitary Inspection in St. Petersburg assessed the sorbent for acute toxicity using test objects - granulated sperm of a bull and daphnia. As a result, it was found that the washing out of the hydrophobizing agent does not occur from the sorbent.

After a 72-hour stay of the sorbent in a vessel with distilled water in which the test objects were located, all 100% of the individuals remained alive (Protocol of Toxicological Assessment No. 1812 of November 21, 2001).

In the particular case, the method is characterized in that isopropyl alcohol is used to prepare the aqueous-alcoholic solution of octyltriethoxysilane.

The inventive method is as follows. Expanded perlite and / or vermiculite granules are impregnated with a water-alcohol solution of octyltriethoxysilane by mixing them in this solution until hydrolytic polycondensation of octyltriethoxysilane is formed and an indelible hydrolytically stable silicone film is formed on the entire pore surface of the sorbent granules. As a result of this, the hydrophobic and sorption properties of the sorbent significantly increase.

The use of a water-alcohol solution makes it possible to increase the degree of penetration of octyltriethoxysilane into the pores of expanded perlite and / or vermiculite, due to which the film formation surface of the water repellent increases and, accordingly, the sorption capacity of the final product increases. After that, the sorbent is dried naturally or in a stream of warm air.

As a result of using the proposed method, the technological process for producing the sorbent becomes simple to use and with a low cost, with increased sorption properties with respect to oil, oil products and liquid hydrocarbons, which is an abrupt increase in the effect (see tables 1 and 2). In addition, the resulting sorbent has increased buoyancy compared to known sorbents (see table 3), which is also an abrupt increase in the effect.

In a particular case, a water-alcohol solution is prepared using isopropyl alcohol, which allows to simplify and reduce the cost of the sorbent production process.

Table 1
Sorption ability Sorbent The claimed Prototype Perlite SibSorbent Turbo jet Oil / sorbent
kg / kg 10-12 4-5 5-8 4 3.6 table 2
The degree of water purification from oil Sorbent The claimed Prototype SibSorbent Sibisorb EcoDS-1 % purification 99-100 - 97 81-99.95 98 Table 3
Sorbent buoyancy Sorbent The claimed Prototype SibSorbent SGRG Buoyancy 6-10 months 24 hours 72 hours from 100 days

Example 1. 1 m of expanded vermiculite is mixed mechanically with 100 l of a water-alcohol solution of octyltriethoxysilane in isopropyl alcohol until uniformly wetted. Impregnated granules of expanded vermiculite or perlite are dried in a stream of warm air to a constant weight.

Example 2. 1 m ^{3 of} expanded perlite is mixed with 80 l of a water-alcohol solution of octyltriethoxysilane in isopropyl alcohol until uniformly wetted, and then the granules are dried naturally or in a stream of warm air to constant weight.

The inventive method is tested in practice, is easy to use. Obtained by the claimed method, the sorbent has passed preliminary tests for the purification of water from oil spilled on the surface of the water, as well as when cleaning the soil from oil products. During the tests, the indices noted in tables 1-3 are achieved.

Obtained by the claimed method, the sorbent is non-toxic and can be used to eliminate accidental spills of oil, oil products and liquid hydrocarbons on water, soil and hard coatings (concrete, asphalt), and also as a filter filler in local treatment facilities (VOCs) for cleaning surface and industrial wastewater contaminated with petroleum products.

Claims (2)

1. A method of producing a sorbent for oil, oil products and liquid hydrocarbons, comprising applying an organosilicon compound to expanded perlite and / or vermiculite granules and drying, characterized in that octyltriethoxysilane is used as an organosilicon compound, its application is carried out by mixing expanded perlite and / or vermiculite in an aqueous-alcoholic solution of octyltriethoxysilane to hydrolytic polycondensation of the latter with the formation on the entire surface of the pores of the hydrol granules cally stable silicone film sorbent followed by drying in a stream of warm air or by natural means. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an aqueous solution of isopropyl alcohol is used as a water-alcohol solution.