RU2255309C2 - Mode and a photolaser arrangement for definition of the diameter of wheel pairs of a railway mobile train - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: definition of the diameter of wheel pairs.

SUBSTANCE: the mode and photolaser arrangement for definition of the diameter of wheel pairs of a railway mobile train in conditions of its moving is based on the principle of measuring with the help of a photolaser arrangement of sizes which characterize the changing of the diameter of wheel tread and a degree of deterioration(wear) of the wheel pair band and also is based on the principle of computing the diameter of the wheel according to a wheel rolling circle according to the formula characterizing the changing of the diameter depending on current meaning of a chord of the wheel tread and the magnitude of a wheel tread wear. The execution of the mode of measuring of the chord and of the wheel tread wear is made by way of using of laser sources of light installed along one side of the track, horizontal and vertical photoreceiving mould "toolbars" installed on the other side of the inset in the rail and the track. Precision of measuring of geometric sizes of the wheel pair in the range of ±0.1 mm is achieved at the expense of using of laser sources of light and of photoreceivers in the shape of the mould "toolbars".

EFFECT: increases quality of precision of measuring; using of a laser commutation system and reliability of measuring elements under any weather conditions.

4 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to measuring systems for monitoring the geometric dimensions of cylindrical products and, in particular, for determining the diameter of wheel sets of railway rolling stock in the conditions of its movement.

A known method for measuring the diameter of a wheel of a rolling stock is to irradiate the wheel's rolling surface, receive a reflective light signal and determine a reference point that coincides with the projection of the geometric center of the wheel [1]. Finally, the diameter of the wheel is calculated from the measured distance from the axis of the sensors of the first rangefinder channel to the surface of the wheel and the known basic dimensions of the sensors along the rail of the wheel. The main disadvantages of this method are that a low class of measurement accuracy is observed due to the inevitable dispersion of the reflected light flux from the surface of the wheel pair brace, due to the inevitable errors that arise when determining the distance from the axis of the range-finding sensor to the wheel surface, etc. In particular, the quality of the functioning of the measuring system will substantially depend on the state of the surface and the geometric profile of the bandage and, to a large extent, on weather conditions.

The aim of the present invention is to expand the field of measurement, improving the accuracy class and reliability of the measuring system in all weather conditions.

This goal is achieved through the use of focused laser light sources in the measuring system, photodetector matrix "cells" and fences, eliminating the ingress of precipitation in the form of snow or rain.

The essence of the method of measuring the diameter is to calculate the diameter of the wheel in a rolling circle, depending on the fixed _{i i-} th chord at a constant level from the rail head H _i and the fixed h _i -th height of the ridge from the contact surface of the wheel pair with the rail.

The geometric dimensions of the wheel and the values of the chords at a constant level from the rail head are graphically presented in figa, b. Moreover, the current values of the diameters of the wheelsets in the circle of their skating (d _ik ) are equal to:

where a _i is the measured chord size at the H _i -th level from the rail head, mm;

h _i - i-th height of the ridge from the surface of the wheel, mm

According to the expression (1), in addition to H _i and a _i, it is necessary in the measurement system to provide control of the height of the ridge (h _i ), which, taking into account the wear (rolled) of the bandage (δ _i ), is equal to:

where h _H is the nominal height of the ridge in the absence of wear of the bandage.

From equation (2), the wear (rental) of the wheel pair brace is:

Thus, along with measuring the diameter d _ik , the method allows you to control the degree of wear of the bandage (δ _i ).

Known photo-optical devices for measuring the geometric dimensions of wheel sets of railway rolling stock contain illuminators, optical lenses, converters and photocells connected to decoders and to a unit for recording measurement results [2, 3].

However, along with the positive advances in the field of measurement technology, known devices have drawbacks, which, as already noted, can be seen in the fact that they have a low class of measurement accuracy and low reliability, depending on weather conditions.

The general arrangement of a photo-laser device for measuring wheel chords a _i and ridge height h _{i is} shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, which includes: a rail insert 1 with a technological window 2, horizontal and vertical photodetector array 3, 4, typical photocells 5, 6 and laser light sources 7, 8, 9, 10, equipped with plano-convex lenses. Figure 2 also shows a block diagram of the measuring system of the device, which includes: a power supply unit for laser light sources (BP), a switching unit (KB), decoders (DSh1, DSh2), a personal computer (PC) and a unit for recording measurement results (BR) )

Figure 3 shows: the dimensions of the ridge h _n , h _i , the wear (rental) of the bandage δ _i , and also shows the location of the laser light source 10 and the matrix "line" 4 opposite the technological window 2 of the rail insert 1. As an additional explanation, it should be noted that to increase the accuracy class provides matrix "line" 3, 4 with a linear step of photocells of not more than 0.1 mm. It should also be noted that the size of H _{i is} set from the condition of free "cross" of laser light sources 9, 7 and 8 under the frame of the cart of the wheelsets of the car from one side of the tracks to the other.

To eliminate the influence of precipitation in the form of snow or rain on the reliability of the functioning of the elements of the measuring system, the designated section of the track is equipped with protection in the form of an overlap 12 and a side fence 13 (see figure 4).

Photolaser device operates as follows. Before the process of monitoring the wheelsets of the train, the operator turns on the measuring system and then automatically measures the height of the ridge h _i and the chords a _{i of} each wheel pair at the level N _i from the rail head in the following order. At the time of cutting off the light beam from the laser source 7, the laser sources 8, 9, 10 are connected via the switching unit KB, and then, depending on the size of the chord and the height of the crest, signals are sent to the decoders DSh1 and DSh2. In this case, the value of h _i is fixed at the moment of minimum illumination of the matrix "line" 4. Finally, according to expression (1), the operation of calculating the diameter of the wheel in the driving circle is performed on a personal computer.

Similarly, according to the measurement result of h _i , the amount of wear (rental) of the bandage δ _{i is} also determined by the PC.

The measuring system is switched off automatically by means of a photocell 6 and a switching unit KB at the moment the wheel crest cuts off the linear laser light source 8.

The geometric position of the wheelsets at the moments of measuring their chords with a photolaser device is shown in figure 1, c.

The effectiveness of the method and the photolaser device intended for its implementation is achieved by increasing the class of measurement accuracy and the reliability of the measurement elements in all weather conditions. In particular, due to the use of laser light sources and photodetectors in the form of matrix "lines", the accuracy of measuring the geometric dimensions of the wheelset in the range of ± 0.1 mm is achieved.

The effectiveness of the method and device is also achieved due to the possibility of measuring the wear (rental) of the bandages of wheelsets.

Sources of information:

1. RF patent №2124180, cl. G 01 B 11/08, 1998

2. A.S. USSR No. 156971, class G 01 B 07/00, 1963

3. A.S. USSR No. 275102, cl. B 61 K 9/12, 1970

Claims (4)

1. The method of determining the diameter of the wheel pairs of railway rolling stock in terms of its movement, which consists in measuring a geometric measuring size with a photo measuring system, characterizing the degree of change in the diameter of the wheel pair from the initial base size, characterized in that the photo measuring system is placed at a constant level from the rail head H _i , the current values of the chords a _{i of the} wheel rim are fixed, and also the heights of the ridges h _i from the surface of the wheel are fixed by the photo-measuring system and finally calculate the diameter of the wheel in a circle:

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that according to the difference between the h _i -th height of the ridge and the initial-base h _H , the degree of wear (rolling) of the wheel pair brace is determined, that is

3. A photolaser device for determining geometric dimensions characterizing the degree of change in the diameter of the wheelset, consisting of light sources with a focusing system installed on one side of the path insert, and photocells installed on the other side of the insert, which are connected to the decoder, personal computer, and then to registrar measurement results, characterized in that the photodetector elements for measuring a _i-th chord wheel rim and h _i th ridge height are formed in a matrix "l Neykov "linear step is not more than 0.1 mm, the horizontal matrix" line "and a laser source designed for fixing a _i-th chord rim wheel pair are mounted on H _i th level of the rail head, providing free" lumbago " a laser beam of light under the frame of the cart wheelsets of the car from one side of the path to the other. 4. The photolaser device according to claim 3, characterized in that typical photocells and laser light sources are introduced for starting up and functioning of the measuring system, are also located at the H _i level from the rail head and, in general, the designated track section, designed to control wheelsets, it is protected from external precipitation by its overlap and side fencing.

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