RU2255008C2 - Locomotive driver seat - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices designed for protecting men from harmful action of vibration and it can be used in vibration protection system of vehicles exposed to vibration. Proposed locomotive driver seat contains tubular framework of seat, backrest with porolon cushions, armrests, support disk, rod, inner cylinder of seat suspension, outer cylinder of seat suspension, lock, spring resting of suspension base, rolls-vibration isolators with axles and brackets for fastening. Moreover, seat contains aerodynamic vibration generator with shaped wall of regulate amplitude frequency characteristics of vibration parameters to tolerable sanitary-hygienic requirements. Rod is connected with support disk with gasket-diaphragm made of elastic material and it passes through guide bushing with cup connected by square thread with inner cylinder of seat suspension. Outer cylinder of suspension is connected with guide bushing by lock. Several rolls-vibration isolators made of elastic material and insulating from vertical vibrations, secured on axles of brackets and connected with inner cylinder of suspension, roll over lower or upper webs of H-section circle secure on outer cylinder of seat suspension, and several rolls-vibration isolators made of elastic material and insulating from horizontal vibrations are secured on vertical axles connected with outer surface of wall of inner cylinder of seat suspension from other side.

EFFECT: provision of active protection of men from harmful vibrations with possibility of control of amplitude-frequency characteristics of vibration parameters to bring them to tolerable sanitary and hygienic requirements.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of railway transport. It can also be used in vibration-proof suspension seats of a human operator working on mining and road-building equipment.

Known locomotive driver’s chair [1], containing a seat and suspension, consisting of a frame and backrest made of profiles and equipped with flexible fittings in the form of springs, profiled polyurethane foam pillows and a height-adjustable support under the lower back. The backrests are equipped with armrests that recline upward for easy seating and exit from the chair and extend in the transverse direction. On the seat there are control knobs for moving the seat back and forth, up and down. The suspension consists of a base attached to the floor, a cylinder in which a spring mechanism with a ball lock is mounted, which adjusts the seat height and a suspension cylinder with a crane mechanism that regulates the weight of the driver, inside of which there is a hydraulic damper with a spring worn on the outer cylinder that performs vibration protection. The suspension is closed by a metal casing, on which there is a scale for orienting the weight of the driver.

Known locomotive driver’s chair [2], containing the base, which is connected to a tubular stand with a hermetically sealed bottom and top made shoulder. Inside the rack there is a slider in which a rod with annular grooves, ending in a support disk, is fixed with a clamp. In the lower part of the slide, inserts of antifriction material are provided. The upper part of the chair, consisting of a seat, back, armrests, is attached to the support disk. Between the bottom of the slider and the bottom of the rack is an elastic element. Several glasses are rigidly attached to the upper part of the rack at equal distances around the circumference, in which cylindrical sliders are placed, with rollers installed with pre-compressed elastic elements made of rubber placed in glasses. The rack has inserts located in the oil-filled bath, moving between the rails.

As a prototype, the invention is proposed according to SU No. 357110, 60 N 2/02, from 09.24.1972, containing such common essential features with the claimed invention as:

“A locomotive driver’s chair containing a tubular seat frame, a chair back with foam cushions, armrests, a support disk, a rod, an inner seat suspension cylinder, a latch, a spring resting on the seat suspension base, several vibration isolating rollers and axles and mounting brackets for vibration isolating rollers” .

The disadvantage of the prototype analogues is that vibration protection is a passive system in which there is no adjustment of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the vibration in the low and high frequencies, depending on the uneven movement, the technical condition of the locomotive, the track profile and other dynamic loads, as a result of which it is not ensured sufficient effectiveness in protecting a person from harmful vibrations.

The technical problem arises of creating a locomotive driver’s chair with an active system for protecting a person from harmful vibrations with the possibility of regulating the amplitude-frequency characteristics of vibration parameters to acceptable sanitary and hygienic requirements.

In the present invention, the problem is solved by reducing the harmful effects of vibration on the human operator (driver) by the method of active vibration damping [2, p. 75] "using an automatic pneumatic control device with" feedback ", ie information channel, which, when using a measuring device, reacts sensitively to system deviations and generates a command that creates a counteraction and dampens the vibration. " It is important to provide the indicated vibration suppression at frequencies of the most overwhelming amplitude, which is established experimentally in experiments to reduce vibration. The objectives of the application of active vibration protection are solved using an oscillation generator with a profile wall (see the book [3, p. 30-32]), where when the supply pressure is transmitted to the power channel, the jet flows around the profile wall and enters the receiving chamber through the receiving channel. The latter is filled with air, and the pressure in it rises. As a result, a backpressure is created in the receiving channel at a certain point in time, as a result of which the jet tilts from the profile wall. The emptying of the chamber begins and the pressure drop in it. When the pressure in the chamber decreases, the power jet returns to the profile wall and a second cycle of filling the receiving chamber begins.

The oscillations generated in the chamber can have a different shape. If you connect a choke and an output chamber in the generator and, by adjusting the throttle, you can change the amplitude and shape of the generated oscillations in the output chamber, then the problem will be solved, since the oscillations will be sinusoidal in nature.

In addition, in the present invention, the solution to the problem is carried out using the speed of inkjet control systems for pressure transmission through communication channels in the process of experimental research and the necessary calculations by known formulas in the specified source [3].

In the prototype, in order to reduce vertical and horizontal vibrations of the seat, it was decided to use guides located in the upper part of the rack, which are made in the form of rollers pressed against the slider by means of elastic elements. In the present invention, in addition to the use of an oscillation generator with a profile wall, horizontal and vertical vibrations and displacements are reduced by using perpendicularly located vibration-isolating rollers, and it is proposed to adjust the seat height in the form of a threaded connection (tape thread) of the rod connected to the seat support disk with rubber gaskets passing through the sleeve with a rubber cuff and fixing it in a stable position, compressed air is supplied through the inlet piece CER on the board, and the power supply in the air passage of the board through a flexible hose to flow around the wall profile passes through a receiving chamber with an additional choke for amplitude control.

The theoretical possibilities of using jet automation and, in particular, an oscillator with a profile wall are considered. Each pneumatic system includes functional elements of the input and output devices of the power system, pressure, air flow in the system, etc.

The main ones are determined by the formulas

Air Consumption [2]

where μ is the flow coefficient;

f is the flow area of the throttle channel;

g - acceleration of gravity;

γ is the specific gravity of air;

P ₁ - air pressure in front of the throttle;

P ₂ - air pressure behind the throttle.

For the input throttle (diameter d _o ) and the throttle “nozzle-flapper”, the flow rate formula, respectively, has the form

where μ _c is the flow coefficient;

μ ₀ = 0.7;

P ₀ - overpressure.

The cross-sectional area of the outlet is determined by the formula

where d _c is the diameter of the nozzle;

d _T is the diameter of the receiving pipe.

The supply pressure of compressed air is calculated by the formula

where P _{to max} - pressure receiving chamber, is taken from the operating conditions of the pneumatic system;

α _s , α _out - flow rate coefficients of throttles, are taken empirically during experiments.

The speed of the air stream exit is determined according to well-known formulas in aerodynamic systems, based on pressure, air flow rate, passage area of channels, acceleration of gravity, specific air flow rate, as well as known values of hygienic characteristics and vibration norms affecting a person, as average values of vibration velocity or logarithmic levels in octave frequency bands that are accepted in the study of vibration.

Comparative analysis with the prototype allows us to conclude that the claimed locomotive driver’s chair has the essential features:

1. The problem is solved in the application of active vibration protection of the locomotive driver from harmful influences using an oscillator with a profile wall used to control the amplitude of the oscillations and the pressure of the jet through an additional throttle to reduce vertical vibrations.

2. The device rollers, vibration isolators made of elastic durable rubber with a mutually perpendicular arrangement to reduce vertical and horizontal vibrations in addition to paragraph 1.

3. The ability to adjust the amplitude of vibration at various frequencies.

4. The ability to provide vibration reduction along horizontal and vertical guides in addition to items 1, 2 through a sleeve with a cuff and a rubber gasket connected to the seat support disk.

5. Power supply of the generator with compressed air through the inlet fitting to the circuit board channels, a flexible hose with a flow around the profile wall to the receiving channel and the receiving chamber with an additional choke to control the amplitude.

The applicant has reviewed the literature of UDC 628.517; 537 (07); UDC 625.2.042. (088.08) and patents M. Kd B 61 d 33/00, B 60 n 1/02; M. Kd B 60 No. 2/50; F 16 F 7/08.

An analysis of the known technical solutions in the study area allows us to conclude that there are no significant features similar to the new essential features of the claimed locomotive driver’s chair.

The proposed set of distinctive features represents a new solution to the problem and corresponds to the inventive step.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings (figure 1, figure 2). Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a chair, a General view; figure 2 is a section along the line aa of figure 1.

The chair contains a tubular seat frame 1, a backrest with foam cushions 2, armrests 3, a fitting 4 for supplying compressed air to a board 5 with internal channels (not shown in the drawing) with air outlet to the connecting hose 6, power channel 7, profile wall 8 for creating backpressure and directing the jet into the receiving channel 9, the receiving chamber 10, the throttle 11, the output chamber 12, the relay 13 for regulating the air pressure in the power system, the fitting 14 for the output of the air stream at overpressure, the support disk 15, supported on the rod 16 s burti ohm, the diaphragm gasket 17 is made of elastic rigid material (rubber), the cuff 18, the guide sleeve 19, connected by a thread 20 to the inner cylinder 21, the outer cylinder 22, the latch 23 connecting the outer cylinder with the guide sleeve, a spring 24 resting on the base pendants 25, several rollers-vibration insulators of elastic rigid material, isolating from vertical vibrations 26, mounted on the axes 27 of the brackets 28, connected to the inner cylinder of the suspension, rolling along the lower (upper) shelves of the T-circle 29, fixed to the outer cylinder of the suspension of the chair, several rollers-vibration insulators 30 of elastic hard material, insulating from horizontal vibrations, mounted on the vertical axes 31, brackets 32 connected to the outer surface of the wall of the inner cylinder of the suspension on one side and pressed against the inner wall of the outer cylinder on the other hand.

The locomotive driver’s chair works as follows. Under the action of vibration on the base of the suspension 25, the guide bush 19, the outer 22 and the inner cylinder 21, the suspension bracket 23, the rod 16, the support disk 15, the I-beam 29, the armrest 3 will oscillate through the vibration protection system including its elastic suspension elements, vibrations will also be transmitted to the isomerized object, i.e. seat frame 1, chair backs with foam cushions 2, diaphragm gasket 17, cuff 18, spring 24, vibration-isolating rollers 26 and 30, while the vibration energy of the object will be dissipated by friction of the elements due to dissipation in elastic materials and converted into heat, vibration on the seat, backrest with foam cushions 2, elastic-rigid gasket-diaphragm 15, cuff 18, vibration-isolating rollers 26 and 30, spring 24 will decrease. In addition, the decrease in the amplitude of vibrations, the decrease in the level of vibrations will occur due to the active aerodynamic interaction of air flows at the inlet and outlet of channels in the circuit board 5, control vibrations and adjust the amplitude-frequency characteristics of vibration through an aerodynamic oscillator with a profile wall through the input channel of the connecting hose 6, the power channel 7, the profile wall 8 to create backpressure and direction of the jet in the receiving channel 9, the receiving chamber 12, the throttle 11, the output chamber 12, the relay 13 for regulating the air pressure in the power system, the fitting 14 for air outlet when internal pressure.

Preliminary adjustment of the channel parameters in the input and output jets, determined by calculation and experimental studies, allows to provide optimal conditions and maximum permissible vibration levels on the insulated object of the seat-seat 1.

Sources of information

1. The driver’s seat. Technical description and operating instructions KL-7500-0 TO. Manufacturing plant.

2. F.M. Dimentberg, K.V. Frolov. Vibration in technology and man. Publishing house "Knowledge", M., 1987, 160 p.

3. I.M. Elimelikh, Yu.G. Sidorkin. Inkjet automation (pneumatics). Lenizdat 1972, pp. 31-32.

Claims (2)

1. Locomotive driver’s chair, comprising a tubular seat frame, a chair back with foam cushions, armrests, a support disk, a rod, an inner seat suspension cylinder, an outer seat suspension cylinder, a latch, a spring resting on the suspension base, vibration isolating rollers with axles and brackets their fastening, characterized in that for the driver’s active vibration protection system from harmful vibrations it contains an aerodynamic oscillation generator with a profile wall, with the ability to control the amplitude-frequency characteristics vibration parameters to the acceptable sanitary requirements, while the rod is connected to a support disk with a gasket-diaphragm made of elastic material and passes through a guide sleeve with a cuff connected by a tape thread to the inner seat suspension cylinder, while the outer seat suspension cylinder is connected to the guide a sleeve retainer, moreover, several rollers-vibration isolators made of elastic material, isolating vibrations from vertical vibrations, mounted on the axles of the brackets and connected to the inside the lower cylinder of the suspension, roll along the lower or upper flanges of the I-beam, fixed to the outer cylinder of the suspension of the seat, and several rollers-vibration insulators of elastic material, insulating from horizontal vibrations, are mounted on vertical axes connected to the outer surface of the wall of the inner cylinder of the seat suspension from another side. 2. The chair according to claim 1, characterized in that the aerodynamic oscillator with a profile wall is designed to create back pressure and direct the jet into the receiving channel, into the receiving chamber, into the throttle and output chamber, contains a relay for regulating the air pressure in the power system and a fitting for an exit of a stream of air at excessive pressure.

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