RU2254705C1 - Method of compacting and pressurizing rolled feeds for preservation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, stocking of feeds in rolls covered with protective film.

SUBSTANCE: method involves picking up sun-dried grass from rolls; compacting and forming rolls; binding with twine; additionally compacting each roll by sucking out air through hermetically sealing hood put thereon; removing hermetically sealing hood and covering roll with film so as to form casing; repeatedly sucking out air; binding compacted roll with tightening belt and putting in stack for storage.

EFFECT: increased density of compacted rolls and reduced feed loss.

2 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production, in particular to the mechanization of the harvesting of canned feed in rolls.

In recent years, preservation of mowed grasses sown in the field to a moisture content of 25-60% has been widespread by preparing from them unsaturated hay, haylage and silage with reduced humidity in large-sized cylindrical rolls with their film-tight material wrapped. The feed is compacted in the process of roll formation and is protected from air access at all stages of harvesting, storage and long-term feeding. Due to this, the overall loss of nutrients is reduced, including due to secondary fermentation during prolonged aeration of canned food in the process of unloading their storages.

There are two main methods for sealing feed in rolls by multilayer winding the latter with an elastic self-adhesive film. In both methods, all the preparatory operations for pressing rolls are similar: mowing herbs, tedding them in the process of drying, forming rolls.

In the first method, the selection of dried grass from rolls, the formation of rolls from grass without twine and wrapping them in several layers of elastic self-adhesive film is carried out by a special baler. A film wound in several layers on rolls at the same time ensures sealing of the feed and preserves the shape of the rolls without strapping twine. Sealed rolls are unloaded from the press onto the field. Loading rolls into vehicles is carried out by a tractor loader with a special device for gripping rolls packed in a film in compliance with measures to eliminate tearing of the film coating. Rolls are stacked in the same stacker at the storage location near livestock farms (US Pat. RU No. 2146437, Cl. A 01 F 15/07, 2000).

However, the disadvantages of this method are:

- the use of a complex highly specialized baler, which cannot be used for harvesting hay, straw, flax and other materials dried to the required moisture content with strapping of rolls that do not need to be sealed before storage;

- increased likelihood of rupture of the film material on rolls when unloading them on the field, loading, transportation, unloading and stacking for storage;

- lack of visual control over the process of wrapping the rolls of film material, which may impair the quality of sealing due to the ingress of plant particles between the layers of the film.

A prototype of the invention is a second method of compaction and sealing of preserved feed in rolls, in which the dried grass from the rolls is picked up by a baler and rolls are formed from them with twine strapping. Formed rolls are unloaded on the field. Their loading into vehicles is carried out by a general-purpose tractor loader with a device for capturing rolls. Hermetic packaging of rolls with foil is done by a special packer in a hospital immediately before stacking them in a stack. The packer is aggregated with the tractor and performs the following operations: grabbing the roll from the platform, wrapping it with film material and laying on the platform. The rolls are wrapped in 5-6 layers with an elastic self-adhesive film about 50 cm wide, the film is wound onto the rolls with an interference fit (55 ... 70%) and overlays. Each subsequent layer overlaps the previous one by 50%. Sealed rolls from the site are loaded into a pile for storage by a tractor loader with a special grapple-tilter, which they are stacked in an upright position in several rows depending on the humidity of the grasses ("Harvesting grass feeds with packaging them in a film", prospectus of JSC "Peasant House", Perm, 2001).

The disadvantages of this method are:

- to exclude self-heating of grass in rolls due to aeration and related additional losses of nutrients, a time gap between the formation of the rolls and their wrapping with a film is required, which is no more than 2 ... 3 hours, which leads to a clear organization of work;

- when unloading rolls from the baler on the field, loading and unloading operations and transportation, cases of deformation of the surface of the rolls and their wetting are possible, which affects the bonding of the film strips and reduces the tightness of the feed cover;

- incomplete bonding of film strips also occurs when plant particles and moisture get between them, therefore it is recommended to manually remove plant particles from the film and not to wind the rolls in rainy weather. In practical terms, these recommendations are not always feasible;

- to ensure the bonding of film strips, strictly cylindrical rolls with a flat surface and not losing shape during transportation and storage are required, which necessitates the use of special balers and swath makers. Therefore, the rake used for harvesting hay and other feeds for forming rolls and round balers with twine rounds are not suitable for harvesting feeds using this technology.

In addition to these common disadvantages of both methods are:

- significant costs for expensive self-adhesive film without the possibility of its reuse, reaching 50% of the total cost of procuring feed;

- from the sealed rolls there is no organized release of the gases generated during fermentation, which can cause depressurization of the rolls, which can also occur if their shape is violated during storage due to the pressure of the overlying rolls in the stack. Therefore, it is recommended to stack no more than 3 tiers of rolls. It is recommended to stack heavy rolls of grass with high humidity in only 1 tier.

The objectives of this invention is to reduce the consumption of film material, reduce feed losses by improving their sealing, simplifying the equipment for hermetic packaging of rolls, making it possible to seal the film rolls formed by various balers used in the production of fodder.

This problem is achieved by the fact that in the claimed method of sealing and sealing canned food in rolls, including selection of rolls of dried herbs with their simultaneous compaction and the formation of rolls with strapping them with twine, hermetic packaging of film material in stationary conditions and laying them in a stack, each the roll is additionally sealed with simultaneous leveling of its surface by suction of air from under the sealed cap put on it, which is then removed, and the roll is hermetically sealed they take out a film material in the form of a cover and suck off the air again, tie it with a tightening belt and put it into storage in a stack. At the same time from the pressurized rolls provide the release into the atmosphere of gases generated during biochemical processes in canned food.

To implement this method, you can use, for example, the device shown in Fig.1. Figure 2 presents a General view of the valve for the release of gases. Figure 3 - mobile platform with means for pressing and sealing rolls. Figure 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 - sequence of operations of the technological process of the method and operation of the device.

The device consists of a riser made to increase the rigidity of two pipes 1 and 2 (Fig. 1), which is fastened to the platform 4 with a crosspiece 3 using scarves 5 to separate suction air from random grass particles. To clean the filter and facilitate insertion into the roll, a conical tip 6 is installed on the thread at the top of the riser 6. A freely sliding clamp 7 with a sealing collar 8 is installed on the riser. A round support 9 is welded to the clamp for installing rolls. The diameter of the support is 40% of the diameter of the roll (D _p ). A cap 10 is hermetically attached to the support, which is made of a durable elastic film or other dense material to prevent piercing by plant stems. The diameter of the cap is 10 ... 15% larger than the diameter of the roll, and the cap should be freely put on the roll. The cap length is selected taking into account the overall dimensions of the rolls.

The latch 7 through the pin 11 and supports 12 is installed in the upper working and lower idle positions. When installing it in the working position, the height (h ₁ ) should be approximately 50% of the height of the roll (N _p ). To eliminate air leakage through the gaps between the pin 11 and the holes in the riser, the sleeve 13 is hermetically welded into the latter. The distance h ₂ between the fixing pin 11 and the supports 12 should provide free access to the center of the lower plane of the roll with the support 7 lowered down with a support (Fig. 7 )

A pipe is welded into the riser with a two-way valve 14 connecting the riser to the atmosphere or to the vacuum wire 15 (Figs. 1, 3). For each harvested feed roll, the device kit must have a sealing case 16 (Figs. 7, 8) made of film material, a sealing sleeve 17, a stopper 18 with a gas release valve 19 (Fig. 2), a tightening belt 20 (Fig. 8) . Products of the device at positions 10, 17, 18, 19 and 20 are used repeatedly for several years. The sealing cover 16 is removed from the rolls when unloading them from storage. In this case, the covers can be made in the form of bags of a film of about 100 microns with limited oxygen permeability. They should be freely clothed on an additional pre-pressed roll, the length of the cover should be sufficient to tightly articulate it with the sealing sleeve 17. A valve 19 of the nipple type is screwed into the plug 18 (Fig. 2). For a snug fit of the cover 16 to the surface of the roll using a tarpaulin tightening belt 20 with fasteners (Fig. 8). A pipe 21 of thin rubber is put on the valve pipe 19 with a slight interference fit. The valve 19 is protected by a mesh 22. Assembled, the plug with the valve is screwed onto the sealing sleeve 17 immediately after lifting the roll from the riser. To ensure workflow and increase productivity on a mobile platform 4 (Fig.3) install several risers (for example, 6 pcs.). Their quantity is determined by the rate of feed procurement accepted at the farm. A vacuum pump 23 with a vacuum gauge 24 is also located on the platform. To reduce the cost of equipment, for example, you can use a temporary backup water ring pump type VVN-1 with a capacity of 60 m ³ per hour and 4 kW for milking plants. For hermetic packaging of rolls with a sealing cap, clamp 25 is used (Figs. 5, 6). To capture the rolls and install them on the device, stack them in a stack and unload them from it using a tractor loader type PKU-0.8, equipped with a special gripper 26 (Fig.4, 8). The grabber-tilter (not shown) must ensure that the rolls are grabbed by the side surface and rotated 90-180 ° around the longitudinal axis of the loader.

The method of sealing and sealing canned feed in rolls is carried out using this device as follows.

The formed rolls tied with twine are delivered to their storage places where platform 4 is located.

On all risers, the clamps 7 with the supports 9 are lifted up (to the working position) and the sealing sleeves 17 are installed in them. The loader rolls the roll from the platform and rotates 90 ° (in the vertical position). On the marking lines of the site, the loader drives up to the platform and lowers the roll onto the riser (Fig. 4) until it touches the support 9. Thanks to the marking lines (not shown), the center of the roll is aligned with the axis of the riser, and non-alignment of up to 0.1 roll diameter is allowed.

A cap 10 is put on the roll, its edges are twisted and tightly tightened with a clamp 25 (Fig. 5). Then the valve 14 is opened, air is sucked out of the roll by the vacuum pump 23 and a vacuum of about 0.8 kg / cm ² is created under the hood after 1.5 ... 2 minutes. Due to the pressure difference outside and inside the roll, a specific pressure of about 0.8 kg / cm ² acts on its surface. With a roll diameter of 1.5 m and a length of 1.2 m, the total pressure on it is about 73 tons, which with a relatively long exposure is sufficient to compress the roll with a decrease in its volume and leveling its surface (Fig.6).

The duration of air suction, and therefore the duration of the load, is determined by the cyclical change of rolls on each riser. It is known that herbs are denser better with increasing time of action on them. In view of the foregoing, without violating the established cyclicality of operations, it is advisable to increase, to the extent possible, the duration of air suction. The degree of rarefaction of air under the cap 10 is controlled by a vacuum gauge 24.

After additional sealing of the roll by turning the valve 14, air is let into the riser and the pressure under the cap 10 is equalized to atmospheric. Then remove the clamp 25 (Fig.6), remove the pin 11 and the latch 7 together with the support 9 and the cap 10 are lowered, the sealing sleeve 17, relying on the pipe joint of the riser, remains at the top.

After that, a cover 16 is put on the roll, the edges of which are crimped on the sealing sleeve 17 and sealed with a rubber ring or tightly tied with braid. By turning the crane, the riser is connected to the vacuum pump and short-term re-pumping of air from the roll is performed. The probability that the stems of the plants will pierce the cover from a relatively thin film is significantly reduced by leveling the surface of the roll during the first sealing cycle by means of cap 10. When the cover is firmly pressed against the surface of the roll, a tightening belt 20 is put on it (Fig. 8), then a gripper-tilter 26 the roll is removed from the riser and immediately plug the valve 18 with a valve into the sealing sleeve 17, the air suction from the riser is closed with a tap and prepare it for installation of the next roll.

The tilter roll is rotated 180 ° (cork up), the loader moves to the stack and installs a sealed roll on it in a vertical position, so that between adjacent rolls in a row there is a gap for withdrawing the working bodies of the loader without damaging the film. During the stacking of the roll, the operator with the auxiliary worker compacts and pressurizes the rolls.

One tractor driver on a loader, an operator and an auxiliary worker are engaged in sealing the rolls and stacking them in a stack. In the prototype, two tractors are engaged in these works (on the packer and loader) and one operator.

Using the proposed method for sealing rolls allows you to: simplify the known relatively complex narrowly specialized equipment for forming rolls and sealing them by multilayer windings with self-adhesive film. In addition, it provides the possibility of using various available universal balers for pressing with twine rolls in this technology, frees up the tractor used on the bale wrapper, significantly reduces the consumption of film materials for sealing, and also provides the possibility of reusing device products.

Claims (2)

1. The method of compaction and sealing of preserved feed in rolls, including the selection of rolls of dried grass with their compaction and the formation of rolls with their twine, hermetic packaging of film material in stationary conditions and stacking, characterized in that each roll is additionally they are compacted with simultaneous leveling of its surface by suction of air from under the sealed cap put on it, which is then removed, and the roll is sealed with film material om in a cover and re-aspirated air, tied a belt tightening and placed for storage in a stack. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealed rolls provide the release into the atmosphere of the gases generated during biochemical processes in the preserved feed.

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