RU2254099C2 - Method and device for preventing and treating the cases of initial dental caries - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: method involves cleaning suprasuperficial enamel layers by applying negative pressure of 0.1-0.9 atm to tooth surface. The pressure is supported by means of flexible attachments of special-purpose geometrical pattern depending on tooth under treatment and its surface. The attachments are fixable in special-purpose holder handle. Treatment session for cleaning micropores and recovering dental tissue perspiration is 10 s to 3 min long.

EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of treatment.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely to dentistry.

Methods of individual local prevention of dental caries are widely known, such as individual oral hygiene: hygienic brushing of teeth, cleaning them with flosses, brushes, brushes, water irrigators, chewing gums (1, 2).

Despite the huge selection of toothbrushes and pastes, caries affects almost the entire population of the planet. Currently, in our country, the incidence of caries has come first among childhood diseases. The growing need for dental care proves that it is necessary to create new preventive methods to combat this disease.

A known method for the prevention of caries is hygienic cleaning of teeth using various brushes and pastes, based on mechanical cleaning of the surface of the teeth (2).

Modern knowledge about the etiology of caries gives a clear idea of the chemistry of the origin of caries. It is known that during initial caries, the enamel surface layer above the focus of demineralization up to 30 μm remains intact. Those methods of individual prophylaxis that are currently used (toothbrush) have a cleansing effect only superficially and do not have any positive effect on demineralized enamel. Fluorides added to cleaning products partially have a preventive effect (2, 3).

With initial caries, remineralizing therapy is indicated, which helps to restore the structure of the affected enamel. The most widely used as remineralizing agents were 10% calcium gluconate solution and 2% sodium fluoride solution (1, 2).

Analysis of the effectiveness of these types of fluoride prophylaxis of dental caries shows that the reduction of caries in the vast majority of cases does not exceed 50%. The method of applying rheotherapy in the form of applications is laborious, requires a lot of time for the doctor and patient, in its composition there is inevitably a large number of foreign ions. The action of fluorine is not long, which is probably associated with leaching it from enamel (2, 4)

A known method and device for the treatment of dental caries, consisting of a laser generator connected to the tip using fiber, which is inserted into a disposable light-transmitting fiberglass. The tip contains two tanks filled with a composite resin and a sterilizing solution (7).

This device can only be used for disinfection and treatment of developed caries and is not used for the prevention and treatment of initial forms of caries.

The task is set to highly effectively reduce the risk of dental caries, treat initial caries and develop a device for their implementation.

The problem is achieved by the influence of negative pressure of 0.1-0.9 atm on the surface of the tooth, supplied with the help of elastic nozzles of a special configuration, depending on the tooth being machined and its surface, inserted into a special holder-holder. The exposure time from 10 s to 3 min, depending on the size of the micropores, which is mainly associated with the limitation period of the eruption of the tooth.

Figure 1 shows a device for the prevention of dental caries and the treatment of initial caries, consisting of a grip-holder 1 made in the form of a tube, at one end of which there is a fitting 2 for connection with a source of negative pressure. On the other hand, on the side surface there is a hole 3 for attaching elastic nozzles of various shapes. The holder has a pressure regulator 4 and a negative pressure relief button 5.

Figure 2 shows the elastic nozzles, which have on one side grooved recesses 6 for connection with the holders. Other ends are expanded and have a shape that repeats the surface of various groups and surfaces of the teeth.

The method of caries prevention and treatment of initial caries is as follows: one of the elastic nozzles is inserted into the grip-holder, depending on the group of teeth being treated. Using a compressor, air is drawn in through the hose. To increase the intensity of the fluid flow, it is proposed to use negative pressure, with the help of which the mouths of the micropores are cleaned and the fluid flow is restored, which can be used for preventive and therapeutic purposes. When the elastic nozzle touches the tooth surface, it sticks to the tooth and a negative pressure (0.1-0.9 at) is created in this confined space. The pressure value is adjusted using the pressure control knob. After exposure to negative pressure, for the required time interval (from 10 s to 3 min), press the pressure relief button and remove the holder from this surface of the tooth. We proceed to the processing of the next tooth surface.

It is these parameters of negative pressure and duration of exposure that provide the most optimal conditions for restoring the subsurface region of enamel by cleaning its micropores and restoring the perspiration of tooth tissues.

The outer layer of enamel, having both inorganic and organic components (the inner layer of the pelicule), is by its properties a natural composite that is resistant to the action of acids. At the same time, micropores are characterized by low acid resistance, being the main ways of acid attack. Through the intact surface along micropores, hydrogen ions penetrate into the subsurface region of enamel, displacing calcium, and then other minerals from crystals, and produce their destructive effect. The reason for the lack of frontal dissolution of the enamel surface becomes clear (5).

Being a tissue of epithelial origin, enamel should have common properties with the epithelium. The most universal of these is perspiration - centrifugal movement of water. Due to this phenomenon, regulated by the body, a number of parameters of the external integument can change and be quickly controlled by the body. Perspiration occurs in enamel through the mouth of its micropores and in the gingival groove. With fluctuations in the regimes of perspiration, these formations can become more or less resistant to penetration into the inner layer of chemicals and / or microorganisms. Gates for invasion can be protected by the intensity of the oncoming liquid flow (6).

Comparison of the claimed technical solutions with the prototype made it possible to establish compliance with their criterion of "novelty." When studying other technical solutions in this field of dentistry, signs that distinguish the claimed invention from the prototype were not identified, which ensures the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "significant differences".

In the senior group of the kindergarten, an examination of the oral cavity was carried out and children aged 5-7 years were selected with erupted permanent first molars. These teeth are most often caries immediately after eruption. In most patients, some of the first molars were already affected by deep and medium caries. In the main group were selected children with intact molars and caries in the spot stage, affected by medium and deep caries, which are recommended to be filled.

The chewing and lateral surfaces of intact teeth and caries in the spot stage were treated (chewing surface and lateral surfaces) with negative pressure in the range of 0.2 at-0.9 atm for a time of 10 s to 3 min twice a week.

Using the proposed method for the prevention of dental caries allows you to fully restore the protective mechanisms of the tooth (perspiration), which leads to a stop remineralization and subsequent maturation of the enamel, the closure of micropores.

Sources of information

1. V.G.Suntsov, V.K. Leonov. Dental prophylaxis in children. N. Novgorod, 2001.

2. I.K. Lutskaya, A.S. Artyushevich. Dentistry Guide. Rostov-on-Don 2000.

3. I.K. Lutskaya. The mechanisms of the formation of the focus of subsurface enamel demineralization. New in Dentistry, 1998, No. 9.

4. V.R. Okushko. Experience in building a systemic concept of etiology and pathogenesis of dental caries. Dentistry, 1976, No. 1.

5. V.R. Okushko. Post-Soviet dentistry: a paradigm shift? New in Dentistry 2001, No. 4.

6. V.R. Okushko. The physiology of enamel and the problem of dental caries. Chisinau, 1989.

7. World Intellectual Property Organization, WO 00/62701 A3 or EP 1171053A3 01/16/2002.

Claims (3)

1. A method for the prevention and treatment of initial dental caries, including cleaning the subsurface layers of enamel, characterized in that the surface of the tooth is exposed to negative pressure in the range of 0.1-0.9 atm for a time of 10 s to 3 min to clean micropores and restore perspiration of tooth tissue. 2. A device for the prevention and treatment of initial dental caries, containing a handle holder, characterized in that it is equipped with elastic nozzles and a source of negative pressure, while the handle holder is made in the form of a tube, at one end of which there is a fitting for connecting to a source of negative pressure, and at the other end on its side surface a hole is made for attaching an elastic nozzle, and the handle-holder is equipped with a regulator and a negative pressure relief button. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the elastic nozzle is removable, each replaceable nozzle having a shape that repeats the surface of various groups and surfaces of the teeth.

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