RU2252948C1 - Method for production of lumpy fuel from high moisture coal - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: coal-mining industry; production of lumpy fuel from high-moisture coal.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the methods of production of household fuel, in particular, to production of fuel from low-calorie high-moisture coal. The method is realized by a coal grounding, coal crumbs loading in stacker, molding, laying, cutting of a mat grooves for bricks, a swathing and removing. After grounding the coal conduct coal charge blending with a peat crumbs with a volume of 20-25 % from the volume of the coal and with moisture of 50-60 %, or with binding consisting of a lignite sodium humate - 25 % and waters - 75 %. Besides the laying of bands is made abut with a space between the grooves of 20-30 mm and dry the bands in a permanent period till formation of flawings of 1-2 mm in width and changeover of black color of coal for brown, Then they apply a binding at the rate of 3 l per 1 m of a laying, age foe 5 hours, compact by a running roller with a soil pressure of 1.5-2 Mpa, dry up to the final moisture and remove. Then the cycles are repeated. Invention allows to reduce power costs of production of lumpy fuel at the expense of simplification of a method of its production.

EFFECT: the invention ensures reduced power costs of the lumpy fuel production, simplification of a method of its production.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for the production of household fuel, namely the production of lump fuel from low-calorie high-moisture coal.

Known methods of pelletizing combustible materials, such as peat, lignite and coal, coal sludge, by briquetting in the press (Ravich MB Fuel and the effectiveness of its use. - M .: Nauka, 1971, p.183-188).

Before pressing, fuel with a moisture content of 40-60% is dried to a moisture content of 14-18% in dryers, then crushed fuel is pressed at a temperature of 60-80 ° C under a pressure of 100-120 MPa.

The disadvantage of this method of fuel production is the need for significant investment in the construction of briquette factories, high thermal energy production capacity.

Another disadvantage is the unfavorable heat balance of briquette factories: 29% of the potential heat of the source coal is spent on drying and briquetting. All this leads to high cost of fuel, low competitiveness and wasteful use of fuel resources.

The objective of the invention is to reduce energy costs for the production of lump fuel by simplifying the method of its production.

The essence of the invention is to use the well-known excavation method for producing lumpy communal fuel from peat for producing lumpy fuel from coal having a moisture content of 41-63% and an ash content of 15-23% by introducing a charge operation before loading coal into the steelmills with a peat crumb of 20- 25% of the volume of coal and a moisture content of 50-60%, or a binder consisting of (wt.%): Brown coal sodium humate - 25%, water - 75%, and the lining of the tapes is done on a marked sub-base with a base width of 3-5 m with dist yaniem streams between 20-30 mm, and drying takes place in a constant period until cracking 1-2 mm wide and change black to brown coal; then the tape is rolled with a roller with a pressure on the soil of 1.5-2 MPa, dried to a final moisture content; after this, the cycles are repeated, increasing the stack, the stack is removed after the end of the season.

Excavator method for producing lumpy peat for household needs (Morozov N.M., Chistyakov V.I. Production of lumpy peat for household needs. In the book “Reference on peat.” - M.: Nauka, 1982, p. .345-410) includes the extraction and grinding of peat, loading peat chips into the washing machine, molding, lining, dissection of streams spread into bricks. The distance between the tapes spread 70-180 mm, between the streams in the tape - up to 27 mm.

Natural drying of the fuel bricks in the spread is accompanied by a heap and swathing. Cleaning the dried rolls is carried out by cleaning machines. Separation of operations of extraction and grinding from operations of molding, spreading, drying and cleaning in this method allows lining, drying and cleaning at specially prepared technological sites, remote from the quarry (slaughter), where the fuel is extracted. The specified separation of operations in the production of lump fuel also allows the production of lump fuel from other types of raw materials similar in their mechano-physical properties, for example brown coal. During mechanical processing, for example, in the screw mechanisms of stylochny machines, the moisture of natural coals is disintegrated, they acquire a viscous-fluid state and are well formed.

However, the disadvantages of brown coals are a large coefficient of volumetric shrinkage of 27-46%, the insignificant strength of the dried pieces, which is equal to 0.5-1.5 MPa during crushing. Therefore, to harden the pieces of the finished product, it is necessary to charge coal with binders, for example peat crumb with a humidity of 45-65% in relation to: one bulk cubic meter of crumb for 5-7 bulk cubic meters of coal. Another type of binder may be an aqueous solution based on brown coal humates of the following composition (wt.%):

brown coal humates - 25%,

water - 75%.

The binder solution is introduced during batching at a rate of 25-30 liters per 1 ton of coal.

Laden coal is loaded into a stylochny machine and then lump fuel production operations are carried out on a specially prepared drying technological platform according to the main method.

In order to increase the efficiency of the method for producing lump fuel from wet coal, to improve product quality and to expand the assortment, the method is supplemented and modified to allow lining and drying of lump fuel in stackable stacks. The essence of the changes in the method lies in the marking of the territory of technological sites on sub-base bases. The width of the bases of the stacks is 3-5 m. The lining is made continuous, leaving the distance between the tapes equal to the distance between the streams. Drying is carried out in a constant period, which is determined by the change in black to brown and the appearance of cracks on the surface of bricks 1-2 mm, a binder is applied to the surface of the spread at the rate of 3 l per 1 sq. m spread, withstand 3-5 hours and then rolled with smooth rollers with a pressure on the ground of 1.5-2.0 MPa. Next, the spread is dried to a final moisture content. After drying, the next spread is lined on it, the drying cycles are repeated during the field work season, several layers are built up, usually 15-20, with a height of 1.5-2.5 meters. Dried lump charcoal is removed after the drying season.

Figure 1 shows the layout of the streams spread on the surface of the technological site, figure 2 - layout of the streams for drying in a constant period, figure 3 is a diagram of the molded seasonal stack of drying.

The possibility of implementing the method is illustrated by examples.

Example 1. Mined coal grade 1 B, humidity 52%, ash 19%, was burnt with crushed lowland peat moisture 53%. The crumb was introduced at a rate of one bulk cubic meter of crumbs for 4-5 bulk cubic meters of raw coal. The coal mass was laden, molded, lined with the main method (Fig. 1). Bricks of an oval section 100 × 110 mm were dried, according to the method, with two little turns. Dry bricks had a cross section of 89 × 82 mm, humidity 23%, density 0.92 t / m ³ , strength 3.2-8.2 MPa. The crumbling of bricks was 12%. The net calorific value of 3875 kcal / kg.

Example 2. Mined coal with a moisture content of 47.6%, ash content of 15% was burnt with a binder of the following composition (wt.%): Brown coal sodium humate - 25%, water - 75% in the amount of 30 l per 1 ton of raw coal. Coated coal was formed, oval streams were lined according to the scheme (Fig. 1) and dried according to the method. The obtained pieces had a cross section of 78 × 82 mm, a density of 0.92 t / m ³ , a moisture content of 17%, and a fracture strength of 3.8-6.7 MPa. The net calorific value of 4185 kcal / kg.

Example 3. The mined coal was burnt with the addition of a binder at a rate of 30 l per 1 ton of raw coal, round streams were formed, the belts were lined end-to-end with a distance of 20-30 mm between the streams (figure 2) and dried in a constant period until the black color turned to brown and the formation of surface cracks 1-2 mm wide, then a binder was applied at a rate of 3 L per 1 m ² , kept for 5 hours, rolled with a pressure of 1.7 MPa on the ground.

After rolling, the resulting layer was dried to a moisture content of 30%, and then the extension of the rows of spread was repeated (Fig. 3).

After rolling, a smooth surface forms, and the inner part is compacted due to the fact that the surface of the bricks dried by 3-5 mm and the inside remained wet and there was no adhesion between the bricks. The dried overgrown layer consisted of 10 rows 72-75 cm high. When loading and disassembling, the bricks (pieces) were well disassembled. Mumpiness was 11%. The density of bricks was 10.5 t / m ³ , the fracture strength was 4.1-7.2 MPa, and the calorific value was 3650 kcal / kg.

Claims (2)

1. A method of producing lumpy fuel from high-moisture coals, including grinding coal, loading crumbs into a washing machine, molding, lining, dissecting streams, spread them into bricks, swathing and cleaning, characterized in that after grinding coal is laden with peat crumb with a volume of 20- 25% of the volume of coal and a moisture content of 50-60% or a binder, consisting of, wt.%: Brown coal sodium humate 25%, water 75% at a rate of 30 liters per 1 ton of charge. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lining of the tapes is carried out on a marked sub-base with a base width of 3-5 m, with a distance between the streams of 20-30 mm and dried in a constant period until the formation of cracks 1-2 mm wide and change black coal on brown, a binder is applied at a rate of 3 l per 1 m ² , incubated for 3-5 hours, then rolled with a roller with a pressure on the soil of 1.5-2 MPa, dried to a final moisture content, after which the cycles are repeated, increasing the stack, removed Stack after the end of the season.

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