RU2250949C2 - Enclosing acoustic shield - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to enclosing acoustic shields designed to reduce noise from vehicles running over roads, including those running along highways, or electric trains on railways of noise from other sound sources i.e. to design of enclosing acoustic shields employing principles of multifold diffraction, sound interference and keeping reflected sound within the limits of main duct. Proposed enclosing acoustic shield has side wall and enclosing body connected to said side wall. Enclosing body of curved shape includes bent member with four bending units, each having angle of 142°.

EFFECT: provision of effective damping of noise and improved stability and possibility of use in the field, provision of adequate observation of surroundings.

8 cl, 2 tbl, 7 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to an enclosing sound screen for reducing noise from vehicles traveling on roads, including highways, or from electric trains moving on railways, or from other sources of sound, and more particularly, to the design of an enclosing sound screen using such principles, as multiple diffraction, interference of sound waves and retention of reflected sound within the main path.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is well known that vehicles are important from a social and economic point of view, and they have features such as dedication to ensure the well-being of society and utility. However, due to the rapid development of such vehicles, noise coming from electric trains and cars is a serious social problem. Especially the seriousness of the noise-related problem is exacerbated in urban residential areas, and great public interest is riveted to the problem of protection against noise pollution.

It is understood that mitigation of noise from various vehicles that are sources of noise, or the removal of sources of noise such as railways and roads used by vehicles from residential areas, may be measures to prevent noise. These tools are necessarily something unusual. As means for implementing relatively simple noise protection in a fashion, the practice of blocking noise from a sound source by installing a screen such as a soundproofing means. Thus, various soundproof devices are offered.

In order to reduce the noise coming from moving electric trains and cars, the upper part of the side walls restricting the expressway or railway is equipped with a device having soundproofing property, so that this device can provide sound attenuation. To enhance the soundproofing effect in this case, such means as the implementation of a device of a completely large size, increasing the area of sound-absorbing material firmly applied to the device, or giving the device a complex shape, are usually used in order to absorb noise generated in that place where noise reduction is needed.

In the case of equipping a railway or road with a soundproofing device, it is necessary to reduce the soundproofing device in height. This is required in order to be able to have an overview of the surrounding area, or to reduce to the maximum extent possible the influence of wind pressure exerted on this device, while on a bullet train, a train moving on a railway raised above the surface, or in a car. From the point of view of fulfilling this requirement, various means are available and described, such as means for fixing sound-absorbing material along the upper edge of a given side wall, which causes absorption of sound waves tending to diffract to the back side of the side wall, and means for extending the horizontal edge wall from the upper end of the side walls to the road, extension from the front end of this boundary wall of another wall directed vertically upward, and an expanded wall directed diagonally upward b to the side opposite from the railway, and additionally performing each of the protruding walls with sound-absorbing material, thereby creating a sound-proof module that can absorb sound waves separated down from the noise generated by diffracting sound waves, or a pantograph. These devices are usually made of steel plates to ensure their increased strength.

However, noise has the property of going around the edge of the wall and even to such an extent that it reaches the back of the wall due to sound diffraction, as mentioned above. When the soundproofing device is installed so that it does not rise above the windows of electric trains and other vehicles, then the noise easily goes around the edge of the side wall and reaches its rear side, and therefore the soundproofing device probably fails to provide sufficient noise protection.

When a soundproofing device is mounted high in order to enhance the soundproofing effect, it can lead to a vicious circle, reducing vision in proportion to the size of the device and possibly not allowing passengers of the electric train or car to clearly see the surrounding area.

An increase in the size of the device as a whole leads to problems such as the need to increase its strength, complicate its design, increase weight, so it becomes difficult to install it, and possibly increase the cost of materials as a sacrifice of savings.

From Japanese Patent No. 2766600, a side wall is known, provided at the upper assembly with a sound barrier that has sound-absorbing material fixed to its surface.

The closest analogue is the publication EP 0765968 A1, which refers to the element of the sound screen having a single bending element with a single protrusion.

The sound barrier according to the present invention has a female body having a female shape and including a plurality of bend nodes.

The basis of this invention is the creation of an inexpensive covering sound screen, which has increased resistance and the possibility of application in the field, and also allows you to provide a great overview of the surrounding area.

Disclosure of invention

The present invention provides a female sound shield comprising a side wall and a female body attached to the side wall, made in the form of a female shape with a curved element containing four bend nodes, each bend having an angle of 142 °. It is desirable that, in a female sound screen, the female body would comprise, on the back surface side, an upper element with a sound-absorbing component arranged obliquely.

It is desirable that the curved element be provided with sound-absorbing material fixed to the side of the outer peripheral surface of the front end zone of the curved element. It is desirable that the enclosing sound screen contains a support element mounted on a curved element to form an additional enclosing shape, wherein the support element is provided with a bend assembly having an angle of 173 °.

It is desirable that the enclosing sound screen further comprises at least one curved element identical to the specified curved element, and the curved elements are superimposed in two or more tiers, one on top of the other or one on top of another. It is desirable that the enclosing sound screen further comprises a front end element, and the curved element, the support element and the front end element are made of aluminum alloy and are made in the form of a plate using processing means, including extrusion.

It is desirable that in the enclosing sound screen, the enclosing element has an enclosing region that can be biasedly attached in the direction of increasing the width of the expressway or railway relative to the side wall. It is desirable that the different side wall was made of a resinous hydrocarbon plastic material for use on a conventional road.

Brief Description of the Drawings:

figure 1 is a longitudinal section illustrating a first example of a covering sound screen made in accordance with this invention;

figure 2 - the design of the sound screen in perspective;

figure 3 - holding element in perspective;

4 is a side view of a curved element;

5 is a longitudinal section illustrating another example of a covering sound screen made in accordance with this invention;

6 is a longitudinal section illustrating another example of a covering sound screen made in accordance with this invention;

Fig.7 - the effects of attenuation of noise by a sound screen with a height of 2.5 mN.

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

Now will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, working examples of the surround sound screen corresponding to this invention. Turning to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, reference number 1 denotes a female body, meaning female shape. This female body 1 is configured to form a female body with a curved element 2 having a plurality of bend nodes 2a. This female body 1 is mounted on a side wall 13, to which it is attached using H-shaped steel elements 12, which are installed at the required distance from each other along one or both sides of the expressway or railway.

Further, this encompassing body 1 is such that a plurality of copies thereof are installed by connecting the end to end in the length direction of each of the sound screens running parallel to the railway. The side wall 13 consists of a soundproofing panel 18 made of sheet metal having a plurality of through holes 18a made by punching, a sound-absorbing material 17 made of glass wool, latex, fiberglass or felt about 95 mm thick, and a surface 19 for a finish intended for covering the rear side of the side wall 13. The soundproofing panel 18, the sound-absorbing material 17 and the surface 19 under the finish are applied sequentially in the indicated order, forward from the rail, to form a wall area. In addition, the opposite ends of this wall area are inserted into the “squeezed” areas of adjacent steel elements 12 so that they are clamped in these areas.

The wall area has a shape elongated in the horizontal direction. During the attachment of such wall regions to the steel element 12, the upper surface of each of the wall regions is edged with the edging element 23, having in cross section essentially the shape of three sides of the square, before another wall region is superimposed on it. The side wall 13 is designed so that the upper end sides of the steel elements 12 can partially protrude.

The female body 1 has a female region mounted on the protruding regions of the upper surface of the steel elements 12, while the female region consists of a curved element 2 formed by bending a thin steel sheet (3 mm thick in the present example), a supporting element 4 made on the end part a curved element 2, a holding element 3, made along the outer peripheral surface of the curved element 2, and a front end element 6, having in cross section essentially the shape of three the oron of the square, and fixed to the front end side of the curved element 2. Each of the elements: the curved element 2, the supporting element 4 and the front end element 6, is made of aluminum alloy as a starting material and obtained by forming sheets of the starting material in the form of the necessary shapes using processing means, such as extruding and bending these sheets using compression processing. In particular, during extrusion aimed at obtaining a curved element 2, the part can be made of the appropriate size in the length direction. In the present example, the curved element 2 has a size of about 2000 mm in the length direction.

During the bending process, four bending units 2a are performed on the bent element 2 at angles of about 142 °, about 142 °, about 142 ° and about 142 °, respectively, and the bending unit 4a on the supporting element 4 is made at an angle of about 173 °. The support element 4 is fixed completely stationary on the end region of the curved element 2 so that a female shape is formed. A bend assembly 4b is formed on the other end side of the support member. This bend assembly 4b is fixedly mounted on the side wall 13 in such a position that it engages with the upper surface of the side wall 13. During installation of the enclosing area by setting the enclosing area on the side wall 13 while holding the bend assembly 4b is engaged with the side wall 13 , the covering region can come into contact with the region of the upper surface of the steel element 12 near the upper part of the inner peripheral surface of the curved element 2, essentially leading to the fact that the Central part about the grabbing region rests on a steel element 12, and the covering region is capable of shifting relative to the side wall 13 in the direction of the width of the expressway or railway, and with this installation, the covering region cannot be brought down even a little on the road or railway.

Reference number 5 denotes a reinforcing element, which is designed to reinforce the surrounding area by making it sandwiched between the steel element 12 and the supporting element 4.

The retaining element 3 is made by fully securing the connecting elements 3b made of sheet metal, essentially in the form of an inclined visor, on the channels 3a, made of sheet metal with a cross section, essentially in the form of three sides of a square, of suitable length and in variant molds with bolts 3c, as shown in Fig.3. In addition, in a specific channel 3a, which falls on the front end side, the front end element 6 is fixed to the protruding part formed by the extension of this channel.

A plurality of holding elements 3 are formed along the outer periphery of the curved element 2 at suitable intervals from each other in the length direction.

The corner pipe 10 is attached to the side of the rear surface of the enclosing area. The support element 4 and the holding element 3 are fixedly attached to this corner pipe 10. Since the bent element 2 and the holding element 3 are reinforced by this corner pipe 10, the sound screen, when installed on a highway or railway, can be so strong that it can withstand strong winds, such as a gust caused by a moving vehicle, or a side wind. The element indicated by 11 and indicated by the dot-dash line is the side cover. When each of these side covers 11 is attached to opposite longitudinal edges of the female body 1, the covers can further strengthen the female body and prevent it from shaking.

Reference number 9 indicates the sound-absorbing part. This sound-absorbing part 9 comprises, placed in a fixed part 14 made of a steel sheet about 50 mm thick, such sound-absorbing material 7, which is similar to the sound-absorbing material 17 of the side wall 13, made of glass wool, latex, fiberglass or felt as a starting material. When the sound absorbing materials 7 and 17 are made, for example, of a material manufactured by Bridgestone Tire Co., Ltd. and sold under the marking “Fibrite”, and not from the starting materials mentioned above, they exhibit good sound-absorbing effect.

The surface of the sound-absorbing material 7 is preferably subjected to a waterproof treatment or a treatment to impart a water-repellent property. In addition, the soundproofing material 7 may be covered with a mesh element, not shown in the drawing, to protect its surface.

The sound-absorbing part 9 is located in an inclined position at the upper end on the side of the rear surface of the enclosing body 1. This sound-absorbing part 9 is fixed so that it is at an angle of about 45 °. Therefore, when noise occurs, it is effectively attenuated due to the fact that the sound causing this noise goes around the curved element 2, moving along the outer periphery of the enclosing area, and is absorbed by the sound-absorbing material 7. Additionally, another sound-absorbing material, although not shown the drawing, can be fixed on the side of the outer peripheral surface of the front region of the curved element 2.

Despite the fact that in the present described embodiment, the curved element is made in one tier, such curved elements 2 can be superimposed one on top of the other in two tiers or there can be even more tiers when one element is on top of the other.

Now another example of this invention will be described.

5 is a longitudinal section illustrating another example of a covering sound screen made in accordance with this invention. In this example, the support member 24 and the corner pipe 20 are elongated in the vertical direction so as to increase the covering area of the enclosing body 21.

By increasing the height of the enclosing region, which is described above, for example, in proportion to the height of the side wall 13, it is possible to enhance the soundproofing effect by increasing the amount of noise covered.

6 is a longitudinal section illustrating another example of a covering sound screen made in accordance with this invention. In this example, the enclosing body 31 is attached to a side wall through which you can look, and is intended for use on a normal road.

Reference number 28 indicates a support post. This support post 28 is inserted into a pit previously dug in the ground of a normal road, and then it is fixed in it by pouring fixing material, such as concrete, into the dug pit and holding it so that the material hardens.

The female region of the female body 31 is securely attached to the support post 28. The support element 34, which forms the side wall region, is made of resinous material such as transparent or translucent hydrocarbon plastic. The curved element 22 for forming the enclosing body 31 is connected to the supporting element 34 and its distal end is connected to a fixed end element 26 having a U-shaped cross section. Reference numeral 32 denotes a vertically elongated compression member made of a steel plate. The abutting support elements 34 are longitudinally engaged with each other, their opposite end parts being attached to each other by bolts and nuts, and also held in place by crimping elements 32. Thus, for the surrounding sound screen in the present As an example, the side wall 13 is not required during installation, and it can be easily fixed, for example, on a pedestrian road or an access alley on a regular road.

Reference numeral 29 denotes a sound-absorbing portion that is filled with sound-absorbing material 27. This sound-absorbing portion 29 is bonded to reinforcing plates 33 so that it is inclined at an angle of about 45 °. The female body 31 in the present example is made in the form of the same structure and from the same material as in the previous example.

Here, the results of the noise reduction test conducted on the surround sound screen of the present invention will be shown in comparison with a conventional sound screen. In a room without sound reflection, on the walls of which a glass wool 200 mm thick was applied, tests were carried out to determine the effect of noise reduction provided by: the same sound screen as in this example; a direct sound screen made at a height of about 2500 mm, using polyurethane foam with a thickness of about 100 mm as a sound-absorbing element, while this sound-absorbing element is applied to plywood with a thickness of about 12 mm, acting as a wall material; and a sound screen similar to a noise attenuator of the same height.

A 50 mm thick glass wool was used as a sound-absorbing material for a soundproof body. For the side wall, polyurethane foam about 100 mm thick was used as a sound-absorbing material for the test under the same conditions as for a direct sound screen.

The loudspeaker as a sound source was installed in a place located from the floor surface at a distance of about 500 mm in an omnidirectional state, facing down. From this loudspeaker, the white noise of a noise generator spread, amplified by an amplifier. The microphone for picking up noise was installed at a distance of 500 mm in the horizontal direction from the loudspeaker. The noise reduction effect was determined under identical conditions, using this microphone to monitor the sound pressure level near the sound source and constantly forming a fixed sound field.

The microphone for determining the soundproof effect for a given test sample was installed at a distance of 2500 mm horizontally from the upper end of the test sample in the direction opposite to the sound source. The sound that the test sample passed was captured by this microphone, and the sound pressure level obtained after attenuation of the sound by the test sample was analyzed in frequency using a frequency analyzer. Frequency analysis was carried out at 1/1 octave and at a frequency in the range of 63 Hz - 4 kHz for a time interval of one minute. An analysis of this frequency was simultaneously performed for the sound received by the microphone from the side of the sound source, and for the sound received by the microphone from the side behind the test sample.

The data obtained on test samples and the corresponding effects of sound attenuation are shown in Table 1, and specifically, the effects of noise attenuation are listed in Table 2. The effects of attenuation of noise obtained with sound screens of the same height of 2.0 mN are compared in Table 3. The designation "covering type "used in these tables relates to sound screens made according to the present invention. The lines labeled “Effect” in Table 1 describe the sound attenuation effects obtained with the enclosing body 1 implementing the present example and a sound sample test sample of the type of sound attenuator, which is a traditional sound screen based on a direct sound screen test sample.

FIG. 7 - noise attenuation effects with a 2.5 mH sound screen

Comparison of the effects of noise attenuation exhibited by the test samples under consideration shows that the sound screen corresponding to the present example was more effective in attenuating sound in the entire frequency domain compared to the direct sound screen, especially high efficiency was noted in the frequency domain 500 Hz - 2 kHz . The effect of sound attenuation of 6 - 7 dB was observed in the frequency regions of 500 Hz and 1 kHz, in which noise from the constant movement of the car is a problem. The test sample of a conventional sound screen was somewhat more effective in attenuating sound only in comparison with a direct sound screen, but showed only a small effect of sound attenuation compared to the enclosing sound screen in accordance with this invention.

For all used test samples, it was revealed that the sound screen corresponding to this invention can give the highest sound attenuation effect.

Now, the operation of the device of the present invention will be described in detail below. The female body 1 according to the present invention is in the form of a female body with a curved element 2, and this female body 1 is attached to the side wall 13. Therefore, it can be a structure in which principles such as multiple diffraction, interference of sound waves and retention are manifested. reflected sound within the main path. The sound is attenuated by means of a curved element 2, which forms an enveloping region, and the noise, which is not attenuated by the enveloping region, passes further in the form of an outwardly deflected enveloping region and is ultimately absorbed by the sound-absorbing material 7 of the sound-absorbing part 9 installed in an inclined state. When the additional sound-absorbing material 7 is firmly attached to the outer peripheral side of the curved element 2, the sound shield can enhance noise attenuation compared to a conventional side wall and soundproofing device and can exhibit sound attenuation in a wider frequency domain.

Specifically, the enclosing body 1 is curved from a height of about 2 m above the earth’s surface in the form of sections about 200 cm long at angles of about 173 °, about 142 °, about 142 °, about 142 ° and about 142 °, and ends at a height of about 500 mm and with an inner diameter of about 600 mm, on the upper part of its front end it is equipped with soundproofing material 7 and additionally on the rear surface is equipped with a sound-absorbing part 9, inclined at an angle of about 45 °. Thus, this covering body 1, despite its small size, can provide maximum interference and exhibit an effect of attenuation of noise to an increased degree.

Due to the fact that the enclosing body 1 has such a special shape so that it is provided with a soundproofing part 9 on the highest end side of the sound screen, this allows it to exhibit a particularly good sound attenuation effect in the place where a serious noise problem is observed. Even if, in order to obtain a sound attenuation effect, for example, a direct sound screen installation height of more than 8 m is required, this sound attenuation effect can be obtained due to such a special shape. If the noise is still large, then the number of curved elements can be increased. In this way, the enclosing sound screen can be installed in the optimum condition, which is suitable for the installation location.

Further, since the structural elements of the soundproof area can be easily made and processed, the manufacturing cost of the soundproof area can be low. Since these structural elements are lightweight, they can be easily mounted.

Since the covering area can be shifted, for example, in the direction of increasing the width of the road, this reduces its extension in the direction of the carriageway of vehicles or the railway, and it cannot interfere with the passage of vehicles and trains. Thus, you can save space when installing it.

When the support member 34 of the female body 31 is configured as shown in FIG. 6, made of transparent or translucent hydrocarbon plastic or other similar resinous material and used on a normal road, this can contribute to maintaining safety and providing a wide view, since road conditions and the surrounding area can be seen through the enclosing body 31.

Industrial applicability

As is clear from the above description, this invention allows you to create a sound screen that exhibits a higher effect of attenuation of noise in a wide frequency domain compared to conventional direct sound screens and sound screens like noise suppressors, also provides a wide overview of the surrounding area and, in addition, is promising in terms of low cost construction.

Moreover, the enclosing sound screen of this invention is durable, easy to install and practical.

Claims (8)

1. A female sound shield including a side wall and a female body attached to said side wall, said female body having a curved shape and including a curved element containing four bend nodes, each bend having an angle of 142 °. 2. The enveloping sound screen according to claim 1, wherein the enclosing body comprises, on the back surface side, an upper element with sound-absorbing material arranged obliquely. 3. The surround sound screen according to claim 1 or 2, in which the curved element is provided with sound-absorbing material fixed to the side of the outer peripheral surface of the front end zone of the curved element. 4. The enveloping sound screen according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprises a support element fixed to the curved element to form an additional enclosing shape, wherein the support element is provided with a bend assembly having an angle of 173 °. 5. The enveloping sound screen according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which further comprises at least one said curved element, and the curved elements are superimposed in two or more tiers, one on top of the other or one on top of another. 6. The enveloping sound screen according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a front end element, the curved element, the support element and the front end element being made of aluminum alloy and made in the form of a plate using processing means, including extrusion. 7. The enveloping sound screen according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in which the enclosing body has a covering region, which is attached with the possibility of bias in the direction of increasing the width of the expressway or railway relative to the side wall. 8. The enveloping sound screen according to any one of claims 1 to 7, in which the side wall is made of a resinous material of hydrocarbon plastic for use on a normal road.

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