RU2249706C1 - Reactive steam-gas power station - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to stationary thermal power stations of large and medium rating. According to invention, energy of combusted fuel is used three times, namely to create reactive thrust, to operate in gas turbine and to generate steam for steam turbine and which provide high efficiency of power station summing up efficiencies of reactive engine, gas and steam turbines. Depending on required power, from one to three similar-type electric generators can be connected in reactive-gas turbine cycle. Power rating of electric generator for steam cycle is chosen depending on heat generated at reactive-gas turbine cycle. Linear dimensions of power plant converting heat energy of fuel into mechanical energy are scaled depending on power output of designed power station.

EFFECT: simplified design and technology of manufacture, repair and servicing of power station.

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Description

The invention relates to the electric power industry, in particular to the designs of stationary thermal power plants of large and medium power.

State of the art

Closest to the invention is a reactive-combined cycle power plant, hereinafter referred to as RPGE, according to its operation, a combined cycle gas turbine unit V94.2, developed by Siemens and its Russian licensed analogue GTE-160, is 58% efficient. At CCGT, the heat of fuel burned in a gas turbine runs twice. First in the gas turbine itself. And then in a steam turbine, the steam for which is generated by cooling the products spent on the first gas turbine. In the gas turbine cycle, the CCGT unit is extremely compact, the efficiency reaches 38%. In the steam cycle, where it reaches another 20%, the design is heavier due to the steam boiler, steam turbine, condenser and water treatment system.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In the invention, the RPGE uses the energy of the burned fuel three times to create jet thrust, processes it in a gas turbine and produces steam for a steam turbine. That allows, summing up three efficiency - a jet engine, gas and steam turbines, to obtain an unprecedentedly high efficiency.

In comparison with CCGT, the RPGE does not have high-tech and expensive gas turbines manufactured using aviation technologies, which positively affects the price of the final product.

The absence of rubbing parts in the structure increases the wear resistance and lifetime of the RPGE.

When designing large power plants, the RPGE design allows the use of existing power generators without developing new ones. In a reactive gas-turbine cycle, one to three of the same type of electric generators can be connected, depending on the required power. For the steam cycle, the power of the electric generator is selected and depends on the heat generated by the reactive gas-turbine cycle. The linear dimensions of a power plant that converts the thermal energy of fuel into mechanical energy are scaled depending on the power of the power plant.

The power plant is launched using natural or liquefied gas. After setting the operating temperature, the RPGE can operate on cheaper liquid hydrocarbon fuel, which is burned with excess atmospheric oxygen, which does not require additional costs for the disposal of exhaust gases.

Repair and maintenance of all RPGE units is carried out at the location of the manufacturer's power plant, which requires time for repair, transportation in two directions and to have a spare gas turbine.

The simplicity of the design and manufacturing techniques of RPGE makes it possible to transform any metal processing plant into the production of power plants of this type, without any special material costs.

The device and principle of operation of the RPGE is illustrated by the drawings / Fig. 1-4./, where Figs. 1-3 show a section of a power plant along the axis of rotation of the power plant in various locations and scales. Figure 4. shows a section of a jet-gas turbine power plant, indicated in figure 1. line / AA /. The case of the power plant is made of a monolithic reinforced concrete structure. The power plant consists of:

1. the upper part of the housing of the power plant is used to exhaust exhaust gases and to reflect the sound waves of a working power plant /Fig.1/.

2. the foundation of the power plant /Fig.1/.

3. the soil on which the power plant is built /Fig.1/.

4. air electric axial compressor /Fig.1/.

5. channel for wiring an electric cable /Fig.1/.

6. Duct /Fig.1./.

7. four supports for fixing the duct in the power plant, located at an angle of 90 degrees relative to each other / Fig.1/.

8. a device for fixing and adjusting the location along the height of the duct in the housing of the power plant /Fig.1/.

9. electric motor of an air-centrifugal booster compressor /Fig.1/.

10. fastenings of the electric motor to the air duct 6 have a streamlined shape minimally obstructing the passage of air flow /Fig.1/.

11. elastic coupling, transmitting rotation from the motor shaft to the shaft of the centrifugal compressor /Fig.2/.

12. the shaft of the electric motor 9 / Fig.2/.

13. the shaft of the centrifugal compressor / Fig.2/.

14. the shaft sleeve of the centrifugal compressor /Fig.1/.

15. impeller of a centrifugal compressor mounted on the shaft of the centrifugal compressor 13 / Fig.2/.

16. four fastenings of the sleeve 14 to the cover of the centrifugal compressor 23 are located at an angle of 90 degrees relative to each other, streamlined by the vertical air flow /Fig.2/.

17. high voltage connection terminals for spark plugs /Fig.2/.

18. insulator that prevents electrical breakdown on the duct housing 6 / Fig.2/.

19. high voltage conductor /Fig. 2/.

20. The air annular gap between the stationary housing of the duct 6 and the rotating cover of the centrifugal compressor 23 / Fig.2/.

21. a plate sliding contact attached to the high voltage conductor 19 for transmitting high voltage pulses to the spark plugs / Fig.2/.

22. electric spark plugs for starting a jet engine / Fig.2/.

23. the top cover of the centrifugal compressor, the lower side of which follows the relief of the impeller blades with a minimum air gap /Fig.2/.

24. the fuel nozzle of the jet engine / Fig.2-3/ delivers fuel in the form of hundreds of small jets.

25. the housing of the combustion chamber with holes for supplying compressed air /Fig.2-3/.

26. curved cavity of the jet engine nozzle / Fig.2-3/.

27. the upper ring of the blades of the gas turbine /Fig.3/.

28. the lower ring of the mounting of the blades of the gas turbine /Fig.3/.

29. the blades of a gas turbine have an arcuate bend. The concave sides of the blades are turned in the direction of action of the gas stream /Fig. 3-4/.

30. ring-shaped steam boiler / Fig.3-4/.

31. pipeline for water injection / Fig. 1, 4 /.

32. pipeline for the removal of steam / Fig. 1, 4 /.

33. the bottom cover of the centrifugal compressor / Fig.3/.

34. the fuel supply channel / Fig.3/.

35. a cylindrical housing of a centrifugal compressor / Fig.3-4/ with two holes on the side surfaces for insertion and fastening of two multidirectional jet engine nozzles.

36. the inner wall of the annular steam boiler / Fig.3-4/.

37. twelve fastenings of the turbine wheel to the hollow shaft of the gas turbine located at an angle of 30 degrees to each other / Fig.3/.

38. axial sleeve with bearings, the outer part of which is fixedly connected to the reinforced concrete structure of the power plant /Fig.3/.

39. the hollow shaft of the gas turbine /Fig.3/.

40. bevel gear of a hollow shaft of a gas turbine /Fig.2-3/.

41. the jet engine shaft is pressed into the bottom cover of the centrifugal compressor 33 / Fig.2-3/.

42. bevel gear shaft of a jet engine /Fig.2-3/.

43. bevel gear of the generator / Fig.2-3/.

44. electric generator / Fig.2-3/.

45. The joint of the rotating and fixed fuel channel is made of steel and brass. / Fig. 2/.

46. connector for the fuel supply /Fig.2/.

47. spring sealing joint 45 / Fig.2/.

48. guide fixed fuel channel / Fig.2/.

49. platform for mounting the generator 44, the installation of shaft bearings 41 and the fuel supply /Fig.2/.

50. jet engine nozzles / Fig. 4/.

Principle of operation

The fuel is burned in a special jet engine, which differs from traditional high-pressure turbojet engines in the absence of a turbocompressor and the presence of two multidirectional nozzles 50 / Fig. 4/. To start the power plant by rotating the shaft 41, the spark plugs 22 are combined with the sliding contacts 21 / Fig.2/. The supply voltage is supplied to the electric motor of the air-axial compressor 4 / Fig. 1/. The performance of the compressor 4, blocking the air loss through the air annular gap 20 and the air holes of the two combustion chambers 25 / Fig.2/, creates an increased air pressure in the duct 6 / Fig.1/. An electric cable that feeds the electric motor of the centrifugal compressor 9 / Fig. 1/ and the ignition terminal 17 / Fig. 2/ is laid in the cavity of the duct 6 through channel 5 / Fig. 1 /. Next, the power is connected to the motor 9 / Fig.1/. The rotation of the shaft 12 / Fig.2/ through the clutch 11 and the shaft 13 is transmitted to the impeller 15 / Fig.2/. The interaction of the upper cover 23 and the impeller 15 / Fig.2/ compresses the air into the cavity of the centrifugal compressor formed by the parts 23, 25, 33, 35 / Fig.2/. Compressed air through the holes in the bodies of the combustion chambers 25 enters the cavity of the combustion chambers and multidirectional nozzles 26 / Fig.2, 4. /. The list of actions taken above ensures the safe start of the power plant and is called purge. After a purge lasting 5-10 minutes, a high voltage with a frequency of 50 Hz is supplied to the terminals 17 / Fig. 2/, which is fed through the conductors 19, the sliding contacts 21 to the central electrodes of the spark plugs 22 / Fig. 2/. To start the power plant, liquefied or natural gas is used, which is supplied through connector 46, joint 45 and fuel channel 34 to nozzles 24 / Fig. 2/. The resulting gas-air mixture is ignited by spark plugs 22. The combustible gas-air mixture increases sharply in volume and, having passed through the curved cavities 26, expires from the nozzles 50 / Fig. 4/. The reaction thrust forces of multidirectional nozzles 50 / Fig. 4/, acting by levers equal to the distance from the center of rotation of the shaft 41 to the center of the nozzle 50 / Fig. 4/, contribute to the rotation of the shaft 41 / Fig. 3/. The power of a jet engine is instantly variable and depends on the amount of fuel supplied, which allows you to maintain constant speed of the generator regardless of its load. Having worked in a jet engine, gas jets from nozzles 50 fall on the blades of a gas turbine 29 / Fig.3-4/ and the inner wall of the ring-shaped steam boiler 36 / Fig.3-4./. Under the action of the kinetic energy of two jets of gas, the impeller of a gas turbine formed by parts 27, 28 and 29 / Fig.3./, acquires a rotational motion. The rotation of the gas turbine wheel through the fasteners 37 is transmitted to the hollow shaft of the gas turbine 39 / Fig.3/. As a result, we obtain: rotation of the shaft 41 and gear 42 clockwise, rotation of the shaft 39 with gear 40 counterclockwise, and heating the steam boiler 30 along the inner wall 36 / Fig. 3/. For the most complete transfer of kinetic energy of a gas jet to the blades of a gas turbine, the linear velocity of the blades should be half the speed of the gas jet. What in this design of a gas turbine is easily achievable, since the nozzles of the jet engine 50 and the blades of the gas turbine 29 / Fig. 4/ rotate in the opposite direction. For example, if the linear velocities of the blades 29 and the nozzles 50 / Fig. 4/ relative to each other are 200 m / s, then the velocity of the gas outflow from the nozzles 50 should be 300 m / s. Large, at least three meters, radii of rotation of the nozzles 50 and blades 29 /Fig. 4/, allow them to report large linear speeds. From the formula for determining centrifugal forces:

it can be seen that the larger the value of the radius of rotation R, the smaller the destructive centrifugal force F. In addition to increasing the radii of rotation of the nozzles and blades, it is possible to reduce the speed of the jet stream by increasing the diameter of the nozzle. For example, turbojet and turbofan engines, burning the same amount of fuel, have different speeds of the jet of gas. A turbofan engine in comparison with a turbojet engine, having a lower jet velocity and a larger nozzle cross section, has a higher efficiency at subsonic flight speeds. The power of the jet engine and the gas turbine through the bevel gears 40 and 42, being summed up, is transmitted to the bevel gear of the electric generator 43 / Fig.2/. At the same time, gears 40, 42 and 43 form a gearbox, which allows you to coordinate the optimal speed of a reactive gas turbine power plant with the necessary speed of the electric generator 44 / Fig.3/. The space around the bevel gears 40 and 42 / Fig.3/ allows you to install three of the same type of electric generator, placing their axis at angles of 120 degrees. To maintain a stable frequency of generated electricity, a centrifugal fuel supply regulator is used, which is not shown in the diagrams. The instantaneous change in the power of the RPGE gas-turbine power plant is facilitated by the absence of a turbocharger, which takes time to spin up. After starting the gas power plant and setting the operating temperature, it is possible to switch to liquid hydrocarbon fuel, where the fuel from channel 34 is fed through the fuel wire to the evaporator and enters the nozzles 24 / Fig.2/ in the form of steam. The fuel evaporator is not shown in the diagrams. At the same time, the operation of a reactive gas-turbine power plant is accompanied by heating of the steam boiler 30 along the inner wall 36 / Fig. 3-4/. The steam generated in the steam boiler 30 is used to work in an additional steam power station, which is not indicated in / Fig. 1-4/. After the start of the RPGE power plant, the electric motors of the axial and centrifugal air compressors are powered from the electricity generated by the power plant. The efficiency of a power plant consists of the sum of three efficiency: a jet engine, a gas and a steam turbine. Plus hot water for technical needs from a steam turbine condenser cooling system. The absence of a turbocompressor in the RPGE jet engine allows to increase the operating temperature of the combustion chambers, which leads to an increase in efficiency. The estimated efficiency of the jet engine is 38-40%, gas turbines 38-40%, steam turbines 10-15%. The total efficiency of the power plant can reach 90%.

Claims (1)

Combined-cycle gas-fired power plant, containing the base part and the upper part of the casing, used to exhaust exhaust gases and reflect sound waves during operation, electric axial and centrifugal compressors, an air duct with supports and a device for fixing and adjusting the height in the power casing, a jet engine with combustion chamber housings with openings for compressed air supply, fuel nozzles, spark plugs and multidirectional nozzles, gas turbine with upper and lower rings and fastening the wheel blades having an arcuate bend, the concave sides of the blades facing the direction of gas jets, while the jet engine nozzles and gas turbine blades rotate in the opposite direction, the ring-shaped steam boiler with pipelines for water injection and steam removal and an inner wall which gets gas jets, a centrifugal regulator of fuel supply, an evaporator and an electric generator with a bevel gear, while the centrifugal compressor has a top cover, the lower side of which repeats the relief of the impeller blades with an air gap, a cylindrical body with two holes on the side surfaces for mounting the jet engine nozzles and a lower cover, the turbine has a hollow shaft with a bevel gear, and the jet engine shaft is pressed into the bottom cover of the centrifugal compressor and also has a bevel gear, moreover said bevel gears form a reducer, which makes it possible to coordinate the optimal revolutions of the jet engine and turbine with the necessary revolutions of the electric generator.

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