RU2249698C1 - Method for open extraction of mineral resources deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry.

SUBSTANCE: method includes extracting quarry to planned depth by ore and rocks extraction by displacement of shelves along horizons with transferring to crushing plants, crushing rocks and then delivering them by lifting device to the surface, during extraction of quarry to planned depth at first stage during construction of board at the end of quarry in zone of decrease of power of deposit in stable rocks conveyer rope system is constructed, connected to hoisting machine, to bed with recesses, allowing to raise crushed material to large height at steep angle and with deepening of mining and displacement of crushers to lower horizons conveyer system is extended to provide for optimal transport shoulder for gathering vehicles.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, higher productiveness.

2 cl, 6 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry, to methods of open cast mining. A method for open-cast mining of steeply dipping and inclined deposits involves mining a quarry to the design depth of excavating ore and overburden by moving ledges along the horizons with transportation to crushing plants, crushing the rock mass and then delivering it to the surface with a lifting device. When working out the quarry to the design depth at the first stage, when flanging the side at the end of the quarry in the zone of decreasing reservoir power and stable rocks, make an insert in the board in the form of a dihedral angle and construct a conveyor cable system connected to the lifting machine and a web with a sharp angle recesses that allow you to raise crushed material to a great height at a steep angle and as the mining process deepens and the crushers are moved to lower horizons, the conveyor system is lengthened, providing an optimal transport shoulder Ania for the assembly of vehicles.

The method includes a conveyor system that provides the lifting of crushed material to the surface, mounted on a structure associated with two drums mounted on the surface and on the loading horizon, the drive drum being connected to the lifting machine, and the lower one, like the upper one, has a wound cable branch and is driven into rotation during operation of the lifting machine, the other part of the drums, where the rubber-cord web is located, has a recess for passing a recess - a recess in the conveyor belt in the form of a “tick” with days with a wall close to vertical, for filling crushed material into it with a dispenser, and unloading of material in the section of the runaway branch occurs under the action of a special rotating wheel rim with a tire, which is pressed against the corrugation-deepening of the web with material from below on the runaway branch, presses and pushes the material from the grooved groove, and then the idle branch moves to the subsequent loading, and the presence of cable turns on the drums allows you to extend both the traction and the bearing (conveyor) system as the mountain ranges decrease of his career.

The method allows to increase the efficiency of extraction of minerals and overburden due to a sharp reduction in the distance of transportation of rock mass to the surface and to increase the productivity of processes.

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the open development of steeply declining and inclined deposits of various capacities.

There is a method of mining a quarry in the development of steeply dipping and inclined ore bodies, which consists in the horizontal excavation of overburden and minerals and transporting them by road to dumps and transfer points or to a concentration plant [Kumachev K.A., Maimind V.Ya. Design of iron ore quarries. M .: Subsoil. - 1960. - 464 p.].

The disadvantage of this method is the increased cost of moving a unit of rock mass by road, given the increasing cost of fuel and lubricants, as well as tire consumption when using rock material to fill the road and a significant range of transportation of rock mass with a relatively small slope of the roads.

A known method of developing a field using a steeply inclined conveyor is that the rock mass is first transported to a crushing point represented by large crushers, and then loaded onto a steeply inclined conveyor and transported at a fairly steep angle to a dump (overburden) or to a transfer point ( ore) [Kartavy AN Prospects for the use of steeply inclined conveyors with a clamping tape for central heating systems // Gorny Zhurnal. - 2003. - No. 6. - S. 52-56].

The disadvantage of this method is that it is necessary to practically use two conveyors (the second belt is the pressure belt), for different lumpiness of rocks, the belt must be pressed along the entire belt web, otherwise the more crushed material will shift in the rising stream on the belt. In addition, at steep elevation angles (up to 10 °), the elevation height is small at a side height of 300-500 m or more.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method of developing mineral deposits, including mining the mine in stages (in stages with the delivery of rock to a transshipment point, after which a skip-type hoist rises along the steep slope of the side to the surface [Rzhevsky V.V. A. C. No. Method of field development.].

The disadvantage of this method is that the construction of a hoisting mechanism on a steep slope of the side is possible only with strong stable rocks and in a shallow quarry, since the side adjustment is carried out gradually with berm. In addition, the lifting mechanism has a cyclical nature of the action.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency and productivity of the processes of extraction and delivery of minerals and overburden from a deep quarry to the surface.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the method of open-cast mining of steeply dipping and inclined deposits involves mining a quarry to the design depth of excavating ore and overburden by moving the ledges horizontally with transportation to crushing plants, crushing the rock mass and then delivering it to the surface with a lifting device. When working out the quarry to the design depth at the first stage, when flanging the side at the end of the quarry in the zone of decreasing reservoir power and stable rocks, make an insert in the board in the form of a dihedral angle and construct a conveyor cable system connected to the lifting machine and a web with a sharp angle recesses that allow you to raise crushed material to a great height at a steep angle, and as the mining operations deepen and the crushers are transferred to lower horizons, the conveyor system is lengthened, providing an optimal transport shoulder vany for assembly vehicles.

The conveyor system that provides the lifting of crushed material to the surface is mounted on a structure associated with two drums mounted on the surface and on the loading horizon, the drive drum being connected to the lifting machine, and the lower one, like the upper one, has a wound cable branch and is driven into rotation during operation of the lifting machine, the other part of the drums where the rubber-cord web is located has a recess for passing a recess - a recess in the conveyor belt in the form of a “tick” with a front wall, vertical to fill the crushed material into it with a dispenser, and the material is unloaded in the section of the runaway branch under the action of a special rotating wheel rim with a tire, which is pressed against the groove-deepening of the web with material from below on the runaway branch, presses and pushes the material from the recess corrugation, and then the idle branch moves to the subsequent loading, and the presence of cable turns on the drums allows you to extend both the traction and the bearing (conveyor) system as mining operations decrease in the quarry.

When developing a mine with a quarry and lowering mining from the lying side of the deposit, the slope angle of the side is more often than in the hanging side, since the angle of inclination is taken in accordance with the fall of the ore body. In this regard, a steep and stable section of the side with a lifting mechanism built on it - a steeply inclined conveyor 1 - must be left at the end of the working side from the side of the hanging side of the deposit (while reducing its power) in the form of inset 2 like a dihedral angle, which allows you to create cool stable slopes with angles up to 60-80 °. A crushing plant is installed near this section in the lower horizons, which gradually moves to the lower horizons and the conveyor lengthens accordingly. Similarly, technically and technologically, the processes of transportation of overburden to the surface are also solved with its crushing and delivery with a steeply inclined conveyor. Crushing plants 3 in the form of cone or jaw crushers should be installed at the subvertical reinforced slope of ledge 4, which facilitates the loading of crushers. The protection of them and the lifting device from the effects of explosions is provided by the use of protective walls and the production of local explosions with small power charges. To increase the efficiency of extraction of minerals and overburden, the steeply inclined conveyor is mounted on a structure associated with drums 5 installed on the surface and on the loading horizon, the drive drum being connected to the lifting machine, and the lower one, as well as the upper one, has a branch of a wound cable 6 and is driven into rotation by the operation of the lifting machine. The rubber cable web placed on the free area of the drums rotates due to friction, and the fabric itself in the middle has a corrugation in the form of a notch-recess 7 of the “tick” type with a front wall close to vertical, crushed material 8 is poured into it, and it can rise to a height with an angle of inclination close to vertical. The rubber-wire corrugation-recess 7 does not wrinkle, since a recess 9 is created on the drum at the conveyor mounting section, which describes the shape of the corrugation-recess 7. The same recess is created on the drive drum, and the material is unloaded in the section of the runaway branch under the action of a special rotating wheel rim 10 s a car-type tire, which is pressed against the corrugation-deepening of the conveyor with the material below on the runaway branch, presses and pushes the material out of the groove-corrugation, and then the idle branch moves to the subsequent th boot.

The bearing structure of the conveyor with edges due to the light weight of the belt web and the transported crushed material can be made in the form of lightweight beams resting on supports 11 mounted on ledges. This elevation provides free movement of the cargo and runaway branches of the cables operating in free mode. The number of turns of the cable on the drums associated with the lifting machine is calculated on the extension of the conveyor when lowering in the quarry.

The use of a crushing and conveyor system in a quarry provides not only an increase in the efficiency of extraction of minerals and overburden, but also the productivity of processes due to the accuracy of the production process, as well as the reliability of their implementation.

The drawings show a section of a quarry with a profile of an idle side with a crushing and conveyor system and a structural element of a steeply inclined conveyor.

Figure 1. General layout of the crushing and conveyor system on the ledges of the side.

1 - steeply inclined conveyor; 2 - inset on board the quarry; 3 - crushing plant; 4 - subvertical ledge; 5 reels; 6 - cables; 12 - feeder-dispenser.

Figure 2. General view of the conveyor 1 with supports 2 on the slope.

Figure 3. Rubber wire cloth 1 with corrugation-recess.

Figure 4. The scheme of the drive drum 6 with the conveyor 1 recess in the drum 9 and the unloading wheel-rim 10 and crushed material 8.

Figure 5. The scheme of the conveyor in the context with crushed material 8 and roller bearings.

6. Conveyor belt with grooved notch and loaded material.

Concrete example

For the apatite-nepheline deposit “Koashva”, represented by an inclined deposit based on a technical and economic analysis, the depth of open pit N. was determined. In the given example, the value of H is 610 m.

Quarry mining to design depth is as follows. When the quarry reaches a depth of 200-250 m, inset 2 is made on its northeastern and southeastern sides and a steeply inclined conveyor 1 route is constructed with an elevation angle of 40-50 ° depending on the stability of the rocks in the zones. The tracks of the conveyors are selected in such a way that they can be lengthened as mining operations in the quarry decrease, by transferring the lower drum 5 to the next ledges with the extension of the cables 6 and the rubber band of the conveyor. Corresponding to the new length of the conveyor, the supporting structure of beams and holding supports 11 is lengthened. Crushing aggregates such as KKD or ShchPP cone crushers are also moved to a new location, which provide the given quarry productivity for ore and overburden.

A sharp decrease in the distance of transportation of ore and overburden by road to crushing units and the relatively low cost of building crushing and conveyor complexes and the low cost of delivering material to the surface allows the plant to obtain a significant economic effect compared to traditionally used road transport, amounting to tens of millions of rubles a year.

Claims (2)

1. The method of open-cast mining of steeply dipping and inclined deposits includes mining the quarry to the design depth of excavating ore and overburden by moving ledges along the horizons with transportation to crushing plants, crushing the rock mass and its subsequent delivery by a lifting device to the surface, while mining the quarry to the design depth at the first stage during the detuning of the side at the end of the quarry in the area of decreasing reservoir power in stable rocks make an insert in the board in the form of a dihedral angle and in it at a steep angle with they equip the conveyor cable system connected with the lifting machine and the blade with recesses that allow the crushed material to be raised to a great height at a steep angle, and as the mining operations deepen and the crushers are transferred to lower horizons, the conveyor system is lengthened, providing an optimal transportation shoulder for assembly vehicles. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that to increase the efficiency of extraction of minerals and overburden and delivery to the surface, a steeply inclined conveyor is mounted on a structure associated with two drums mounted on the surface and on the loading horizon, the drive drum being connected to a lifting drum machine, and the lower one, as well as the upper one, has a branch of a wound cable and is rotated during operation of the lifting machine, the other part of the drums, where the rubber-cord web is located, has a recess for passing recesses-recesses in the conveyor belt in the form of a “checkmark” with a front wall close to vertical for filling crushed material into it with a dispenser, and the material is unloaded in the section of the runaway branch under the action of a rotating rim of the wheel with a tire that is pressed against the groove-deepening of the web with material from below on the runaway branch, presses and pushes the material out of the groove-groove, and then the idle branch moves to the subsequent loading, and the presence of cable turns on the drums allows to extend both the traction and the load-bearing yu (conveyor) system as the reduction of mining operations in the quarry.

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