RU2248942C1 - Multifunctional automated complex training-research laboratory - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: training tools and devices for the training process.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is dealt with the field of training tools and devices for the training process, in particular, with research of engineering and technology of the automated water supply systems, automatic control of a water supply system in a training process using engineering tools of the new information technologies of training. The multifunctional automated complex training-research laboratory consists of blocks connected in series and-or in parallel through intermediate tanks and devices of water-pump over and a water purification. The laboratory has a pumping plant of the first water rise connected by pressure conduits with chambers of switching with an intermediate tank of influent water, which through a pumping plant of the second water rise is interconnected with the technological apparatuses and blocks of the automated plant of the water purification including a block of clarification of water by settling, consisting of a chamber of a flocculation, a horizontal settler, a block of a reactant system, a block of a clarification of water in a suspension layer, including an air separator connected with a clarifier containing a suspended slurry bed, a block of a water clarification by filtration, that consists of a non-pressure fast and a pressure fast or ultra-speed filter with an intermediate tank of a clarified water, which through the pumping plant of the second water rise is connected to the apparatus of disinfection of water and is connected with an intermediate tank of purified water. The laboratory has an automated system of control over technological processes and a supervisory console with use of a PC and a symbolic circuit. The technical result is creation and implementation in the training-research process of the multifunction automated complex training-research laboratory operating in conditions of model engineering of real water supply systems.

EFFECT: the invention presents a created and introduced multifunction automated complex training-research laboratory operating in the real water supply systems.

18 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of teaching aids (educational process, teaching devices), in particular, to studying the technique and technology of automated water supply systems, automatic control of a water supply system in the educational process, to the technical means of new teaching information technologies.

A multifunctional automated comprehensive training and research laboratory (hereinafter abbreviated as “MACUIL”) is intended for in-depth training of students, the intensification of the educational-cognitive process of studying, expanding didactic opportunities in the development of special engineering and technical disciplines, for example, “Water supply”, “Water disposal and wastewater treatment” “Pumps and blower stations”, “Automation of water supply and sanitation by creating optimal conditions for the implementation of state rstvennogo educational standard of higher professional education. MACUIL can be used to teach management of complex technological processes, objects of water supply systems, as well as to solve problems of recognition and analysis of these objects, situations, processes, caused by sets of factors.

Automated classes for knowledge control are known, which include learning consoles connected to a commutator switchboard with an indication unit, an answer control board, and an evaluation unit. The remote controls are made on electromagnetic relays with contact groups connected to response lamps with a toggle switch [1, A.S. 467395, USSR, BI No. 19, 1975. Automated class for the control of students].

This device does not allow fully and effectively to teach special engineering disciplines, in particular, engineering and technology of water supply and automation systems, as It is intended only for the control of knowledge.

A device for situational control, containing blocks of registers on the And elements, comparison blocks, memory blocks, destination counters, a pulse generator, an OR element, a control unit [2, Pat. 2102788 RF, 01.20.98. Device for situational management]. The disadvantage of this device is its limited scope.

Laboratory installations of various constructions of wastewater and wastewater treatment systems are known, for university students studying in the specialty 290800, “Water supply, sewage, rational use and protection of water resources [3, V.I. Kalitsiun, Yu.M. Laskov. Laboratory workshop for wastewater and wastewater treatment. M .: Stroyizdat, 1995. - 267 p.].

The disadvantage of laboratory facilities according to [3] is the limited use of them, due to the autonomy of their use in the training and study of only certain individual plants, cleaning processes; all installations are not hydraulically, hydrodynamically and technologically interconnected; installations cannot be attributed to automated systems and are not equipped with automatic control systems and cannot be used in the study, training, management and optimization of complex complex objects of the full-scale technological cycle of water supply and sanitation systems.

Technical solutions closer to the proposed invention are not identified either in the scientific and technical literature or in the patent literature.

The invention is aimed at creating and introducing into the educational research process a multifunctional automated comprehensive research and development laboratory, for example, “Water Supply”, which works under conditions of modeling real water supply systems and meets the modern level of development of science and technology, the requirements of state standards of higher education.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the multifunctional automated integrated research and development laboratory “Water Supply” (MAKUIL) is made in the form of series and / or parallel connected technologically, hydraulically and hydrodynamically connected through intermediate tanks blocks and devices for water pumping and water purification and contains: pump station for the first lift connected via pressure conduits with switching chambers with an intermediate source water reservoir, which through the second lift pine station is interconnected with technological devices and units of an automated water treatment station, including: a settling water clarification unit, consisting of a flocculation chamber and a horizontal settler; reagent farm unit for the preparation and dosing of reagents during processing

water; block clarification of water in the suspended layer containing an air separator associated with the clarifier with a layer of suspended sediment; filter clarification water unit, comprising a pressureless quick and pressure fast or superhigh-speed filter with an intermediate clarified water reservoir, which, in turn, is connected to a water disinfection apparatus and connected to an intermediate clean water reservoir by means of a second lifting pump, while the laboratory is equipped with an automated process control system processes with a central control room using a PC and a mnemonic diagram.

The result is also achieved by the fact that in MAKUIL the pressure water conduits are equipped with emergency simulation units located behind the switching chambers, counting along the direction of flow, each of which is equipped with a water pressure relief pipe connected to an intermediate source water tank or a receiving tank.

The result is also achieved by the fact that the intermediate reservoirs of the source and clarified water are equipped with submersible pumps located inside them and distributors arranged along the bottom in the form of high-resistance drainage, which is connected to the pump discharge pipe, and the pump suction pipes are equipped with floating flooded water intake devices.

The result is also achieved by the fact that the length of the pipelines for dosing the reagents is taken from the condition of achieving a pressure loss of at least 0.3 m in them.

The result is also achieved by the fact that:

- the model of the horizontal settler is made in the form of a hydraulic chute with the possibility of changing the size of the model, in accordance with the selected scale of modeling real horizontal settlers of various designs and geometries and is equipped with movable removable reflectors, a hole partition, a hole bottom, a set of transparent mesh cassettes, upper and side blocks illumination, longitudinal guides of a U-shaped form;

- the cassettes of the kit are made in a rectangular shape with a ratio of the sizes of the sides to the dimensions of the sump model vertically 1: 1, horizontally 1: 3-1: 5;

- the cassettes of the kit are covered with a rectangular coordinate grid with a variable or uniform pitch using a vertical to horizontal ratio of 1:10, with a grid pitch of at least 2 mm;

- the movable hole bottom of the horizontal settler model is configured to change and fix the slope in the longitudinal direction and its height position above the sediment collection system.

The result is also achieved by the fact that:

- the model of clarifier with suspended sediment is made with a transparent front wall covering the entire area of the working areas and is equipped with a removable mesh cassette in a scale of 1: 1 to the wall dimensions, mesh pitch of at least 5 × 5 mm;

- the back wall of all three corridors of the clarifier model is equipped with light windows and movable backlight units to the entire working height.

The result is also achieved by the fact that:

- the model of the quick pressure-free filter is made with a transparent front wall for the entire living section and equipped with a rectangular coordinate grid with initial axes coinciding with the filter faces and a mesh size of at least 5 × 5 mm;

- the model of a pressureless quick filter is equipped with a light source in a transparent cylindrical body located vertically in the loading space of the filter housing with the possibility of horizontal movement within the living section of the filter;

- a model of a pressure head quick or superhigh-speed filter is equipped with a transparent window applied to it by a rectangular coordinate grid with a mesh size of at least 5 × 5 mm and coordinate axes matching in height with the vertical generatrix, in width with the outer circumference of the filter and at the level of the upper surface of the hole bottom ;

- the model of a pressure head quick or superfast filter is equipped with a removable vertical cup device attached to the filter cover.

The result is also achieved by the fact that:

- the system of automatic control and management is mounted on real-life models of technological devices and units of the water supply system;

- the system of automatic monitoring and control from a PC is made according to the radial-sequential principle, with the placement of the interface units directly near the remote objects;

- MACUIL is equipped with a set of laboratory stands for the study of integrated circuits and digital machines used in the system of automatic control and process control of a water supply system;

- the automatic control and management system is configured to manually and automatically control the technological processes of water supply, and each control mode is made in two versions: using relay-contact elements and integrated circuits and microprocessor-based digital technology;

- the system of automatic control and management is equipped with a mnemonic diagram operating in real time with a display of the equipment status of the entire system.

A multifunctional automated comprehensive training and research laboratory is considered on the example of a laboratory for water supply and is schematically represented in the drawings:

figure 1 - General technological scheme of the laboratory;

figure 2 is a process diagram of an intermediate source water tank;

figure 3 is a process diagram of a model of a horizontal sump;

figure 4 is a flow chart of a clarification unit of water in a layer of suspended sediment;

5 is a process diagram of a model of a quick pressure-free filter;

6 is a process diagram of a model of a pressure head fast (superfast) filter;

Fig.7 is a flow chart of pumping water through pipelines.

MACUIL consists of (figure 1):

- pumping station of the first rise (HC-I) with adjustable electric drives (REP) with a frequency voltage converter;

- water conduits with automated switching chambers (KP-I, KP-II);

- automated water purification station;

- pumping station of the second rise (NS-II) with REP;

- five intermediate tanks;

- compressor station;

- a set of laboratory stands for the study of integrated microcircuits and digital machines of automatic control systems for the operation of technological devices;

- remote control of local and remote manual and automatic control of the complex with a personal computer, a mimic diagram and a central dispatching control panel of the system.

The pumping station of the first lift (Fig. 1) includes a receiving tank-reservoir for the source water 1, centrifugal pumps 2, automated switching chambers 3 and 4 on the conduits 5 and 6, emergency simulation units made in the form of jumpers 7 and 8 between pipelines 5 and 6 with valves with electric actuators 9, 10 and 11, 12 and pipelines 13 and 14 and ending either in the receiving tank 1 or in the intermediate source water tank 15 of the automated water treatment station.

The pumping station of the first lift is equipped with at least two centrifugal pumps 2 with adjustable electric drives and shutoff valves, electrocontact manometers and vacuum gauges, as well as ammeters, water meters and connecting pipelines. Vacuum gauges are installed on the suction pipelines, at the ends of which check valves are also installed in the receiving tank 1. Electrical pressure gauges and flow meters 16, for example, DVV-22 “Sapphire” type, are installed on pressure pipelines 5, 6.

The readings of all control devices (water meters, manometers, vacuum gauges, ammeters, etc.) are displayed on the mimic diagram of the control room control panel.

Switching chamber 3 consists of five gate valves with controlled electric drives. Within HC-I, after switching chamber 3, there is located the first node for modeling emergency situations on water conduits, consisting of a jumper pipeline 7 between pressure pipelines 5 and 6 and two gate valves 9 and 10, as well as a pressure relief pipe 13 connected to the receiving tank 1.

Switching chamber 4 is similar to camera 3.

The automated pumping station of the first lift and the automated water purification station are connected by two pressure pipelines 5 and 6 (Figs. 1, 7) equipped with two switching chambers 3 (KP-I) and 4 (KP-II) and two emergency simulation units 7 and 8. The operation of cameras 3 and 4 is automated.

On conduits 5 and 6, in switching chambers 3 and 4, pressure and flow sensors are installed to monitor the condition of all sections of pipelines.

The emergency simulation unit 8 at the water conduits 5, 6 is located behind the switching chamber 4, counting along the fluid flow, and consists of a jumper 8 between pipelines 5 and 6, two valves with electric actuators 11 and 12, and a water pressure relief pipe 14 connected to an intermediate source water reservoir 15. Emergency modeling nodes allow you to create at least 12 emergency situations in different sections of water pipelines. In this case, it is also possible to create various situations during training, by introducing qualitative and quantitative changes in the amount of discharge flow (pressure) by changing the degree of opening of the valves 9, 10, 11 and 12 using an electric drive. Such situations take place in the actual operating conditions of water supply systems when pumping water through pipelines.

The automated water purification station (ACOW) is made in the form of series-connected and parallel-connected technologically, hydraulically and hydrodynamically interconnected automated technological units and apparatuses with autonomous control of technological processes.

Blocks and devices are connected to a centralized dispatch control system.

ASOV includes the following automated technological units and devices:

1. The reagent farm unit, consisting of a mortar tank 17, a consumable 18, a metering tank of a coagulant 19 and a metering tank of flocculant and lime, combined in one tank 20.

2. Block clarification of water by sedimentation, consisting of a flocculation chamber 21 and a horizontal settler 22.

3. Pump station 11 of lift 23 with pumps (at least 2 pumps), one of which is equipped with an adjustable electric drive (REP).

4. Block clarification of water in the layer of suspended sediment, consisting of an air separator 24 and a clarifier with a layer of suspended sediment 25.

5. Filtering water purification unit, consisting of a quick pressure-free filter 26 and a pressure fast or high-speed filter 27.

6. A block of water disinfection by direct electrolysis, for example, a factory-made apparatus of the “Potok” type 28.

7. Intermediate source water tank 15.

8. The intermediate reservoir of clarified water 29.

9. The intermediate tank (capacity) for sediment 30.

10. Intermediate reservoir of clean water 31.

11. Intermediate wastewater tank 32.

12. Compressor station 33.

Moreover, each technological unit and apparatus (21-28) is connected through pumps 23 to an intermediate source water tank 15 (Fig. 2) with the possibility of working autonomously, sequentially, in parallel, with the ability to turn off and switch individual devices and / or technological units in In general, with the possibility of optimizing technological processes and technological schemes.

In order to maintain an averaged predetermined composition of the source water quality (turbidity - suspended solids content, in mg / l), the intermediate source water tank 15 (Fig. 2) is equipped with a submersible pump 34 located inside the tank and a tubular distribution device connected to the pump discharge port 34. The distribution device is made in the form of a tubular drainage of high resistance, laid along the bottom of the tank 15, and consists of a main pipe 35 with branches 36 attached to it, which have openings, The direction downwards at 45 ° to the vertical. The suction nozzle of the submersible pump 34 is equipped with a floating intake device consisting of a flexible (e.g. corrugated) connecting hose 37 with a rigid tubular tip 38 attached to the bottom of the lightweight floating disk 39 (for example, of compressed polystyrene foam or a hollow floating disk of any material). At the same time, the rigid tip 38 of the floating intake device is in a water-flooded state at a depth from the water surface of at least twice the height of the intake device design, which prevents air intake during operation of the pump 34. The intermediate source water tank 15 is equipped with a glass tubular water level indicator 40, and also an overflow pipe 41, a water level sensor 42 and a device for monitoring physical and chemical parameters 43. The clarified water tank 29 is equipped similarly to the source water tank 15. Both The reservoirs 15 and 29 are interconnected by a tubular jumper with an electric valve 44 mounted on it, which allows water to be transferred from one reservoir (for example, reservoir 29) to another reservoir when preparing the source water with a given concentration of suspended solids, saving make-up water and contributing to efficiency process of preparation of work.

When studying the process of clarification of water by sedimentation, models of the flocculation chamber 21 and horizontal settler 22 are used.

In MACUIL, a vortex-type flocculation chamber is used, designed for water to remain in it for at least 20 minutes.

The model of horizontal sump 22 (Fig. 3) is made in the form of a hydraulic tray, the bottom of which is made of metal, two side walls of transparent material (for example, glass or plexiglass).

The model of horizontal sump 22 is equipped with a movable perforated false bottom 45, which allows you to change and fix its tilt angle (slope) in the longitudinal direction and the height position above the sediment collection system 46. The transparent side walls of model 22 are equipped on both sides with a set of movable removable mesh cassettes 47. Cassettes made of rectangular shape from a transparent material, for example from plexiglass, using the aspect ratio of the sides of the cassette to the dimensions of the sump model vertically 1: 1, horizontally 1: 3-1: 5. The upper and lower longitudinal faces of the sump model 22 are provided with longitudinal U-shaped horizontal guides 48. Cassettes 47 are installed in these guides with the possibility of their longitudinal movement in any direction. Part of the set of cartridges 47 is covered with a rectangular coordinate grid with a variable pitch, the other part of the cassettes is covered with a rectangular grid with a uniform pitch using a vertical to horizontal ratio of 1:10. In studies of the operating mode of the sump in those areas where the flow hydrodynamics is complex, a mesh with a small pitch of 1-2 mm is used. In experimental studies, a cassette with a mesh scale is selected so that the accuracy of the grid reading is as high as possible, in comparison with the accuracy of the recorded experimental data (numbers), for example, when visually observing the movement of the colored water flow in the model and fixing its shape, size on cassette grid to build a kinematic flow pattern.

The model of the settler 22 for the entire length and height of the hydraulic working zone of the flow on both sides is equipped with movable illumination units 49, which allow achieving the necessary illumination of any area (zone) of the flow from all sides simultaneously and / or in parts: from above, to the right, to the left.

The receiving chamber 50 serves for the most complete mixing of the water coming from the pipeline 51, equipped with a movable removable reflector 52. For a more uniform distribution of the incoming water over the living section of the sump, a hole partition 53 is made, which is movable in horizontal and removable in vertical directions.

The mobility (removability) of the reflector 52, the hole baffle 53 and the bottom 45 allows you to change the size of the model of the sump 22, leading them to sizes corresponding to the selected scale of modeling real horizontal sumps of various designs and geometries.

The model of the horizontal sump 22 is equipped with: a system of surface dispersed collection of clarified water 54, made in the form of a telescopic pipe; bottom dispersed hydraulic collection and discharge of sediment 46, made in the form of a holey pipeline; perforated distribution partition 53. The model is also equipped with a clarified water chamber 55, from which clarified water is discharged through a pipe 56 into the reservoir 29, as well as electronic water level sensors and photoelectric sediment level sensors.

From the reservoir 29, it is possible to supply clarified water to the quick filter 26 through line 57 (Fig. 1) through HC-II pumps 23.

The model of horizontal clarifier 22 is practically adapted to the hydraulic, hydrodynamic and technological conditions that take place in real operating conditions of water treatment facilities, in which horizontal clarifiers are located and allows taking into account the influence of various factors (turbidity, temperature, type and dose of reagents, etc.) on water purification process.

When conducting, for example, research (experiments) and / or laboratory studies when teaching students, it is possible for the given conditions (flow rate, reagents, turbidity, etc.) to calculate the horizontal sedimentation tank and by changing the design, geometry, position of the reflector 52, distribution partitions 53, bottoms 45 — bring the design and geometry of the model in accordance with the design at the selected modeling scale.

Block clarification of water in the suspended layer includes an air separator 24 and a clarifier with a layer of suspended sediment 25. An air separator 24 is used to remove dissolved gases from water that impair the functioning of the clarifier 25.

A clarifier model with a layer of suspended sediment 25 (FIG. 4) consists of two corridors 58, a central sediment compactor 59, on the walls of which there are sediment windows 60 provided with protective visors 61. When working in the corridors 58 of a clarifier with a layer of suspended sediment 24, a layer of suspended sediment is formed 62. In the upper part of the corridors 58, drainage channels 63 are located, ending in the side pocket 64.

The illuminator model with a layer of suspended sediment 25 is made: two side and rear walls of metal, the front wall of a transparent material (for example, plexiglass), with a full coverage of the entire area (full height and width) of the working (hydraulic and technological) zones (all three corridors) 58, 59. The transparent wall is equipped with a removable mesh cassette 65 in a 1: 1 scale, with a fine mesh pitch, for example, no more (maximum) 50 mm.

The rear walls of all three zones of the clarifier 58, 59 are equipped with light windows 66 of the width, for example, at least 5 cm, to the entire working height, which are equipped with movable illumination units, allowing to illuminate any area of the flow of all zones simultaneously or separately. To monitor and control the operation of the clarifier, it is equipped with photoelectric precipitation level sensors (FED) 67, 68, 69, 70, shut-off and control valves 71 on the pipeline for bleeding clarified water 72 from the sediment compactor 59 and with an adjustable valve 73 on the sediment discharge pipe 74.

The water clarification unit in the suspended sediment layer 25 is also equipped with pipelines: water supply to the air separator 75, total water supply to the clarifier as a whole 76, water supply to the clarifier corridors 77, water drainage to the quick filter 78 or to the intermediate clarified water tank 79.

Model non-pressure fast filter 26 (figure 5) is rectangular in plan. The quick filter is equipped with a side pocket 80 attached to the filter 26. The filter has a drainage of greater resistance 81, made in the form of a distribution system of perforated pipes. The filter 26 is loaded with granular material 82 (e.g., sand); the load is located on a support layer 83 of coarse-grained material (e.g., gravel, river pebbles). Filter model 26 is equipped with pipelines: 57 - feed water from pumps 23 of the II lift pump station, 84 - feed water from the pressure filter 27, 85 - filtrate discharge, 86 - wash water supply, 87 - flush water discharge.

For a visual study and fixation of the parameters of the filtering and washing processes, the front wall 88 of the quick filter 26, for the entire living section (height and width), is made of transparent material (for example, plexiglass). The front wall 88 is provided with a rectangular coordinate grid 89 deposited thereon with a mesh size of not more than 5x5 mm. In this case, the initial axes of the grid 89 coincide with the faces of the filter 26 in height 90 and in width 91. In order to increase the visibility of the demonstration capabilities and the accuracy of fixing the washing parameters (for example, the degree of expansion of the load, possible removal of the filter media — sand by the washing water stream) in the loading space (above the sand) inside the filter housing is placed a light source 92 in the form, for example, of a fluorescent fluorescent lamp placed inside a cylindrical transparent (glass) container housing 93, while the housing 93 is located (suspended) vertically with the possibility of horizontal movement within the living section of the filter.

The filter 26 is also equipped with: piezoelectric sensors 94, which serve to measure the pressure loss in the layers of the filter load 82; samplers 95 for sampling water by loading layers, samplers 96 for sampling filter material by loading layers, a device 97 for determining the degree of expansion of the load when washing the filter; overflow line 98; water level control sensors 99 and shut-off valves 100 on the filtrate pipeline 85.

Model fast (ultra-high) pressure filter 27 (Fig.6) consists of two parts. The lower sub-drainage portion 101 is equipped with a conduit 102 discharging the filtrate and supplying washing water. A drainage slotted cap 103 is mounted on the bottom of the sub-drainage part 101 and a hatch 104 is arranged for observing the cap 103. There is a hole bottom 106 between the bottom 101 and top 105 of the filter 27. The top part 105 and the drain bottom 106 are designed to accommodate the filter load 107 (for example, from quartz sand with a grain size of 1-2 mm) and a support layer 108 (for example, from gravel with a grain size of 3-16 mm). Above the hole bottom 106 there is a tubular air distribution system 109 located in the support layer 108. The pressure losses in the filter load 107 and on the installation as a whole are determined by fixing the pressure drop on the pressure take-off pipes 110 with a differential pressure gauge 111, for example, a Sapphire type. An air vent 112 is provided on the filter 27. The filter is equipped with a system of pipelines for supplying water 113 from the intermediate source water tank 15 and for discharging the filtrate 114 into the tank 29, for supplying 115 and for draining the washing water 116 to the tank 32, for supplying 117 compressed air, as well as shut-off and control valves . The supply of source and wash water to the filter is carried out by the pumps 23 of the pump station 11 of the rise. The filtering water purification unit includes a pressure filter 27, which can operate in the fast filtering mode (with a constant filtering rate) or in the superfast filtering mode (with a variable filtering speed). To visually examine and fix the parameters of the filtering and washing processes, a window 118 of transparent material (for example, plexiglass) is mounted on the filter housing 27 to the entire height of the upper part. In this case, the transparent window 118 is provided with a rectangular coordinate grid 119 deposited on it with a mesh size of at least 5 × 5 mm, and the initial axis of the coordinate grid 119 coincide in height with the vertical generatrix of the filter 27, in width with the diameter of the filter housing 27 at the level of the upper surface of the hole bottom 106.

The possibility of using single-phase, two-phase and three-phase water-air washing is provided: for example, the first phase is a purge with compressed air, the second phase is water and air at the same time, the third is a water wash. At the same time, water consumption for washing is reduced, and the quality of washing is increased. A compressor 33 is installed to supply compressed air to the filter 27. The air flow rate is measured by a rotameter 120. The model of the combined high-pressure or ultra-high-speed filter is also equipped with: samplers 121 for sampling water by loading layers; samplers 122 for sampling filter material by loading layers; removable vertical cup device 123 to determine the degree of expansion of the load when washing the filter. If it is necessary to increase the cleaning effect (for deep cleaning), the strapping provides for the introduction of reagents (coagulant, flocculant) into the treated water through an ejector 124 on the pressure line of the pump 23.

Reagent solutions are prepared in the reagent farm unit (Figs. 1, 4).

MACUIL provides for automatic proportional and / or proportional-quality dosing of reagent solutions.

Well-known methods are used to conduct water disinfection studies, for example, direct electrolysis of water on a factory-made apparatus “Potok” 28. The apparatus “Potok” consists of a disinfection unit and a power supply unit.

MACUIL can operate according to various technological schemes for pumping and treating water with or without reagents, in pressureless and pressure modes, in manual and automatic control modes.

Automated pumping stations, water conduits and a water treatment plant are combined by hydraulic and technological processes and form an automated water supply process control system (ACS-TPV).

The MACUIL control system allows you to explore the operation of both individual technological devices and technological units.

The operation of MACUIL is carried out from the central control center in manual or automatic modes.

In manual control mode, use the PC keyboard and the “mouse” to select from the menu the desired control scheme and the corresponding image on the monitor screen in real time.

Automatic control of MACUIL is carried out from the PC according to the program, which provides for automatic control of the processes of filling and starting pumps 2 and 23, the selection of the optimal technological scheme of water treatment depending on the quantity and quality of water supplied for treatment, as well as monitoring and control of the operation of water pipelines 5 and 6 , including emergency situations in the apparatus and facilities of the water treatment plant.

The selection of the optimal technological scheme for water treatment is based on the analysis of data on the quality of water supplied to the treatment, which are determined by information converters installed in the source water tank 1, as well as the required quality and quantity of purified water. Initial information from water quality sensors and analyzers is fed to the PC input, where, by comparing with regulatory recommendations, the program selects the optimal one from at least six technological schemes for water treatment implemented on this installation, then the selected circuit is automatically switched, turned on and the main technological parameters are monitored the work of structures and equipment, the state of shut-off and control valves and instrument readings.

The system status is polled from the control panel selectively - in manual mode or automatically. In the latter case, the interrogation of discrete and analog information converters and their rationing are carried out according to a program from a personal computer. The exchange of information between the object and the PC in the monitoring and control mode is based on the R 232/485 interfaces via a two-wire telephone line (twisted pair) at a distance of at least 1200 meters without the use of additional amplifiers. This system is built on the radial-sequential principle of control from a PC with the placement of interface modules (USO) directly near the control objects. The application of this method does not strictly bind control to only one scheme of the water treatment line and makes it relatively easy to reconfigure the control system without changing the technical means, but changing only the program.

In general, the work of MACUIL occurs in the following sequence (figure 1). The source water from tank 1 is pumped by pumps 2 of the pumping station of the first lift, through pipelines 5 and 6 is pumped to the intermediate tank 15. From the tank 15, water is pumped to the pre-treatment facilities - flocculation chamber 21 and then to the horizontal settler through the pumps 23 of the pumping station of the second lift 22, or an air separator 24 and a clarifier with suspended sediment 25, or an fast (ultra-high-pressure) pressure filter 27. The clarified water from these structures is sent to an intermediate tank 29 or directly specifically for final cleaning into the quick pressure-free filter 26 and disinfection, for example, in the Potok apparatus 28, and then into the clean water tank 31.

At MACUIL, it is possible to conduct research on various technological schemes.

Technological scheme №1. The study of the parameters of the joint operation of one pump on one conduit.

According to this scheme, water is pumped by one of the pumps 2 through one of two water lines 5 or 6 from the tank 1 to the intermediate source water tank 15 (Fig. 7). The pump operation parameters are determined (supply (capacity) - Q and developed head - N) and pressure loss in the water conduits at various flow rates of the pumped water. According to the data obtained, a Q-N characteristic of the water conduit is built.

Technological scheme №2. The study of the parameters of the joint operation of one pump on two conduits.

It works by analogy with the technological scheme No. 1, but at the same time both threads 5 and 6 of the water pipes work. The parameters of the pump (supply and developed pressure) and pressure losses in the water conduits are studied at different values of the pumped water flow (Q-H characteristic of two water conduits).

Technological scheme №3. The study of the parameters of the joint parallel operation of two pumps on one conduit

The work is carried out by analogy with the technological scheme No. 1, but at the same time two pumps of the pump station 2 are working in parallel. They study the pump operation parameters (the performance of one pump in parallel operation and the total supply of two pumps and the developed head) and the pressure loss in the water conduit for various pumped water consumption (Q-H characteristic of one conduit).

Technological scheme №4. The study of the parameters of the joint parallel operation of two pumps on two conduits

The work is carried out by analogy with the technological scheme No. 1, but two pumps work in parallel 2. The pump operation parameters are studied (the performance of one pump in parallel operation and the total supply of two pumps and the developed head) and the pressure loss in the water conduits at different values of the pumped water flow (Q-H characteristic of two water conduits).

Technological scheme №5. The study of the parameters of the joint sequential operation of two pumps on one conduit

The work is carried out by analogy with the technological scheme No. 1, but at the same time two pumps are switched on in series. The operation parameters of the pumps (performance and developed head of the pumps of the first and second stages) and the pressure loss in the water conduits are determined at different values of the pumped water flow (Q-H characteristic of one conduit).

Technological scheme №6. The study of the parameters of the joint sequential operation of two pumps on two conduits

The work is carried out by analogy with the technological scheme No. 5, but at the same time two sequentially working pumps pump water through two pipelines. They study the pump operation parameters (productivity and developed pump head of the first and second stages) and the pressure loss in the water conduits at different values of the pumped water flow (Q - H characteristic of two water conduits).

Technological scheme №7. Study of emergency operation parameters of water pipes and pumps

The work is carried out by analogy with the previous technological schemes, but at the same time one of the emergency sections of one of the water lines 5 or 6 is turned off from the work. The “emergency” section of the water line is turned off from work by means of shut-off and control valves of switching chambers 3 and 4, while it is possible to study the characteristics of water pipelines with the start or end sections of one of the water pipelines turned off. Research can be carried out with the operation of one or two pumps, and two pumps can work both in parallel and in series. They study the pump operation parameters (performance and developed head and pressure loss in the water conduits - general and separately in the emergency section at different water flow rates (Q-N characteristic of water conduits). When the pumps work in two water conduits, it is possible to simulate the following six different emergency situations according to the following schemes (Fig.7):

a) from the pumps 2 of the lifting pump station I to the switching chamber 4 along the parallel running conduits 5 and 6 and further along the conduit 6;

b) from the pumps 2 of the lift station I to the switching chamber 4 along the parallel running conduits 5 and 6 and further along the conduit 5;

c) from the pumps 2 of the lift station I to the switching chamber 4 through the water conduit 5 and further along the parallel water conduits 5 and 6;

d) from the pumps 2 of the lift station I to the switching chamber 4 through the water conduit 6 and further along the parallel running water conduits 5 and 6;

d) from the pumps 2 of the lift station I to the switching chamber 4 through the water conduit 5 and further along the water conduit 6;

f) from the pumps 2 of the lift station I to the switching chamber 4 through the water conduit 6 and further along the water conduit 5.

The listed six emergency situations can be repeated (realized) when, for example, one or two pumps are running. In the study of emergency situations, an almost infinite number of options can be implemented by introducing qualitative and quantitative changes in the discharge rate (pressure) by changing the degree of opening and closing of the valves 7, 8, 12, 13. Such situations can occur in real production conditions when pumping water on water conduits.

Technological schemes No. 8-14. The study of the parameters of the joint operation of pumps and water conduits with speed control of the pump impeller

The work is carried out similarly to research on technological schemes No. 1-7. The difference is that the water supply by the pumping station is regulated by changing the speed of the impeller of the pump with a frequency voltage converter.

Technological scheme №15. Research on pressure stabilization in the water supply and distribution system and comparative analysis of energy consumption under various operating conditions

The work is aimed at studying energy saving in water supply and distribution systems by stabilizing the pressure at a dictating point by controlling the amount of water supplied to the pump station by pumps using a frequency voltage converter. According to the first option, stabilization of the water pressure at the dictating point is carried out according to the step-by-step mode of operation of the pumping station, and the energy consumption for pumping 1 m ^{3 of} water is determined using this method. According to the second option, the pump station's supply is increased smoothly using a pump with an adjustable electric drive using a frequency voltage converter, for example, a thyristor voltage frequency converter type TPRT 10-400, and the cost of electricity for transferring a unit volume of water is also determined. In conclusion, a comparative analysis of energy consumption is carried out with various options for controlling the operation of the pumping station.

Technological scheme No. 16. Reagent clarification of water by sedimentation.

The technological scheme works in the following sequence. The source water from the intermediate source water tank 15 is taken by the pump 23 and fed into the flocculation chamber with a layer of suspended sediment 21 and then into the horizontal settler 22. In the suction line of the pump, solutions of reagents — coagulant, flocculant, lime — are introduced individually or in various combinations, depending from the quality of the source water. The reagent solutions are dosed into the suction line of the pump 23 (figure 4). At the same time, the distance from the point (place) of the supply of reagent solutions to the flocculation chamber 21 is determined from the condition that the sum of linear and local pressure losses is at least 0.3 m to ensure complete mixing of the reagents with the source water without special mixers.

The supply of reagent solutions is carried out in proportion to the quantity and quality of water using microventil, controlled by a PC program.

From the flocculation chamber 21, water flows through a pipe 51 to a receiving chamber 50 of a horizontal settler 22. To quench the energy of the water flow, a movable, removable reflector 52 is installed at the end of the supply duct 51. The distribution of the initial water over the living section of the settler 22 occurs through a hole partition 53. The clarified water is collected by a surface dispersed collection system 54 and discharged into the clarified water chamber 55 and then discharged through a pipeline 56 into an intermediate clarified water tank 29. The sediment is discharged yayut under hydrostatic pressure through the bottom perforated conduit 46 to the sludge tank 30.

The preparation of the coagulant solution is carried out by the method of successively lowering the concentration of the solution in the following order. A sample of dry coagulant is poured into the solution tank 17 (Fig. 4). A valve opens on the piped water supply pipe to fill the solution tank. The water and reagent solution levels in the solution tank are monitored by three galvanically isolated electrode sensors. Upon reaching the specified level of maximum filling of the tank, the valve closes on the water supply pipe and the valve opens on the compressed air pipe to dissolve the coagulant and mix the resulting solution. The concentration of the finished coagulant solution in the solution tank is 20-24%, depending on the quality of the starting reagent.

After receiving a concentrated coagulant solution in the solution tank 17, open the valve on the reagent bypass pipeline to the supply tank 18. When the reagent solution reaches 1/4 of the volume of the supply tank 18, which is controlled by the electrode level sensor, a command is issued to close the valve on the coagulant bypass pipeline and opening valves on the pipelines for supplying water and compressed air to obtain a solution of a working concentration of 5-6%. The finished reagent solution is transferred to the metering tank 19 for dispensing. The level of the reagent solution in the metering tank 19 is also controlled by a level sensor, which, after reaching the maximum filling mark, sends a signal to the PC on the readiness of the reagent farm unit for operation via the discrete information receiving channel.

Ready for dosing solutions of lime and flocculant are poured into the metering tank 20.

Before dosing, to average the concentration of the reagent solutions, the compressed air supply is turned on.

Preparation and batching of reagent solutions can be carried out both in manual (by an operator with a PC keyboard), and in automatic (according to the program - without operator participation) modes.

The size of the dose of reagent supplied to the treated water depends on its quantity and quality. The amount of water is measured by a variable pressure differential device, consisting of a constricting device 16, for example, DVV22-5 type (Fig. 4), installed on the pressure pipe of the pump station 22 and a differential pressure gauge connected to it. Physico-chemical parameters of water are measured by high-quality AMC 43 analyzers installed in an intermediate source water tank 15. Signals about the quality and quantity of water, through the channel for receiving analog information, are fed to the input of the PC in which the signal is generated, and fed to the control unit via the control channel , for example, type BURD 110/2, which in turn controls a micromotor, for example, type RD-09, a metering valve. The motor shaft RD-09 is rigidly connected to the rod of the microventil-metering agent reagent with a linear flow characteristic. Reagent consumption is proportional to the angle of rotation of the metering valve stem. A potentiometer is attached to the valve stem. The angle of rotation of the rod is converted to a linear voltage, which determines the flow rate of the reagent. This analog signal is a feedback, which is also fed to the PC via the information receiving channel. All three signals (flow rate, water quality and position of the stem of the metering valve) form a tracking system for controlling the flow of the reagent.

Technological scheme №17. Reagent-free clarification of water by settling

In the technological scheme for clarification of water, a horizontal sump model is used.

Water from the intermediate source water tank 15 is taken by one of the pumps 23 and fed into the horizontal settler 22, bypassing the flocculation chamber 21. The clarified water from the settler is discharged into the intermediate clarified water tank 29. To analyze the effectiveness of this technological scheme, laboratory analyzes of the quality of the initial and clarified water.

Technological scheme №18. Reagent clarification of water in a layer of suspended sediment

The technological scheme works as follows. Water from the intermediate source water tank 15 is pumped through a pipe 23 to the air separator 24 to separate the air and then to the clarifier 25, to the lower prismatic part of the two corridors 58 through telescopic holes 77. In this case, the source water is treated, for technological reasons, with reagents ( coagulant, flocculant, alkali, etc.), which is dosed automatically, depending on the quantity and quality of the treated water, through the ejector 124. Further, the water rising from the bottom up passes a layer of suspended wasp Dka 62, where most of the suspension contained in the source water is retained. The clarified water from the upper part of the corridors 58 is collected by gutters 63 with flooded openings and is discharged to the lateral collecting channel 64, from where it is discharged through a pipe 78 to a quick filter or, optionally, through a pipe 79 to a clarified water tank 29.

Excess sediment, as it accumulates, is discharged from corridors 58 with part of the water to the central sediment compactor 59 through sediment collection windows 60 located in the upper zone of suspended sediment 62 and provided with visors 61. Maintaining the top of suspended sediment 62 at the level of precipitation windows 60 is achieved by automatic control of selection clarified water from precipitator 59 by means of an adjustable valve 71 mounted on the end of the prefabricated hole pipe 72. The valve 71 is controlled by photoelectric sensors 67 and 68, installed at the level of the top and bottom of the sediment receiving windows 60. The precipitate from the sediment compactor 58 is removed into the sediment tank 30 under hydrostatic pressure through a collection hole pipe 74 with an adjustable valve 73.

Sludge removal is carried out automatically, according to the signal of the photoelectric sensor of sludge level 69, set at the maximum level of sludge accumulation in sludge compactor 59. When the maximum acceptable level of sludge is reached, the sensor 69 sends a signal to the PC via the information receiving channel. A personal computer generates a signal that, through the control channel, turns on a reversible micromotor, for example, type RD-09, valve 73 on the pipe 74 (Fig. 4) to open it. There is a discharge of sediment. Upon reaching the minimum level of sediment, the sensor 70 closes the valve 73 and the discharge of sediment stops until the next increase in its level to the maximum.

Preparation and dosing of reagent solutions is similar to technological scheme No. 8.

Technological scheme №19. Reagent-free clarification of water by ultra-high-speed filtration in a pressure filter.

Water clarification according to this technological scheme is performed in the pressure filter 27 by filtering in the direction from top to bottom. When this water is taken from the intermediate source water tank 15, pumps 23 are fed through the pipe 113 to the filter 27. Passing through the filter charge 107, the source water is freed from suspended impurities and through the pipe 114 is sent to the clean water tank 31.

The pressure filter is automated. The filter is controlled by a program from a PC.

For normal operation of the filter, the pressure drop across the apparatus (pressure loss in the filter load and filter communications) should be constant and not exceed a predetermined value, which is controlled by a differential pressure gauge 111 (Fig.6). To automatically maintain this value, an adjustable electric valve is installed in the filtrate pipeline 114. The gate valve is controlled by a differential pressure gauge 111, for example, the Sapphire shooting range, which, when the differential pressure increases more than the specified one, sends a signal to an electronic controller, for example, type P 25.1. With manual control, the signal on the channel for receiving information is fed to the PC. The PC generates a control signal and feeds it to the control unit with a reversible magnetic starter, for example, the BUMP 220/2 type, which begins to slowly close the valve in the water filtrate pipeline 114. As a result of closing the valve, by reducing the flow of water entering the filter, pressure losses in the filter load and filter communications and in the filter as a whole are reduced, which leads to a decrease in the pressure drop across the installation to a predetermined value.

With the following increases in the pressure drop above a predetermined one, the process is cyclically repeated until the valve stroke limiter of the valve on the pipe 114 is activated, which opens the electric supply of the electric valve with its contact and at the same time sends a signal to activate the software electronic regulator - with local manual control, or, through the information receiving channel, PC and mnemonic diagram. According to the program, on a command from the PC, the filter is output to the washing rinse mode.

In the washing mode, clean washing water is taken from the tank 31 by pumps 23 and is fed from the bottom up to the washing of the filter load 27. At the same time, the load 107 of the filter 27 goes into suspension (expands) and rinses (regenerates). Dirty wash water is discharged through line 116 to a wastewater tank 32.

During water-air washing, compressed air is supplied to the filter 27 through the air distribution system 109 by the compressor 33 through the air pipe 117. The air flow rate is measured by a rotameter 120. The filter load is flushed either by time or by the quality of the washing water. To control the quality of the waste wash water, a hydraulic switch is installed on the wash water discharge line 116, through which water is supplied to the turbidity and color analyzer of the water.

Rinsing stops when the set purity of the discharged wash water is reached, after which the filter switches back to the operating mode - to filter the water.

To control the effectiveness of the treatment, laboratory quality control of the source and clarified water is carried out.

Technological scheme №20. Reagent clarification of water by filtration

In this case, the operation of the installation is similar to the work according to the technological scheme No. 11. In this option, reagent facilities for the preparation and dosing of reagents are involved.

Technological scheme No. 21. Purification of water by filtration in a contact clarifier

To implement this technological scheme, the high-speed filter 26 switches to operation in the contact clarifier mode, this is achieved as follows.

The source water from the reservoir 15 is taken by the pump 23 and fed into the lower part of the quick filter 26. According to this scheme of work, reagent farms for the preparation and dosing of reagents are involved.

Technological scheme №22. Water purification by slow filtration.

According to this technological scheme, the fast filter 26 is prepared for operation as a slow filter. To do this, the filter is loaded with a filter load of the corresponding particle size distribution.

Water from the intermediate source water tank 15 is pumped by a pump 23 to the slow filter 26. Water is purified at filtering speeds in the range 0.1-0.3 m / h.

Technological scheme №23. Water purification according to a two-stage scheme in a clarifier with a layer of suspended sediment and a quick filter.

This technological scheme involves a clarifier with a layer of suspended sediment 25 and a quick filter 26.

The clarified water enters the quick filter 26 by gravity through the pipe 78 from the clarifier with a layer of suspended sediment 25 (4, 5). The work of the clarifier with a layer of suspended sediment is described in technological scheme No. 10. Water purification on the quick filter 26 occurs by filtering the water through the load 82 in the downward direction (from top to bottom). Suspended fine impurities contained in the incoming water are retained in the load. The purified water is the filtrate, it is collected by the drainage device 81 and is discharged through the pipe 85 to the clean water tank 31.

The operation of the filter 26 can be carried out manually from a local or central control panel. Automatic control is carried out according to a program using a PC.

A predetermined, constant filtration rate of the source water is achieved by maintaining a constant value of the total hydraulic resistance of the filter, which is the sum of the resistance of the filter load and the resistance in the filter communications. The total filter resistance is controlled by changing the degree of opening of the adjustable valve on the filtrate discharge pipe 85. At the initial moment of filtering, the opening of the valve is set to 60-70% of the living cross-section.

In the process of water purification, the filter load 82 of the filter 26 is silted, the filtration rate decreases, its hydraulic resistance increases and the water level on the filter rises. When the maximum water level is reached, the level sensor 99 is activated, which sends a signal to the PC via the information receiving channel. The PC forms and transmits a signal to the reversing motor control unit via the control channel, which increases the degree of opening of the adjustable valve 100 on the filtrate discharge pipe 85. As the valve 100 is ajar, its hydraulic resistance and the installation resistance as a whole decreases, due to which the filtering speed increases to initial. The water level on the filter drops to a predetermined minimum level, while the level sensor 99 is triggered, the signal from which is supplied to the PC, the latter sends a signal to the valve 100 to stop opening the valve via the control channel. The process is cyclically repeated until the adjustable valve 100 is fully open and its stroke limiter trips , which with its contacts commutes the signal supply circuit for flushing the filter load. With local control, a regulator is used, for example, type KEP-2U, which, according to a given program, carries out regeneration (washing) of the load. In manual or local automatic control mode, electrical contact software devices and controllers are used, for example, type RP 25.1.

When the entire water treatment system is automatically controlled, when the stroke limiter of the shut-off and control valves 100 is triggered, the signal is transmitted to the PC via the information receiving channel. According to a given time program, the PVEM, through the control channels, flushes the filter load with a correction of the washing time depending on the quality of the used washing water, information about which comes from the turbidity and color analyzer (AM C).

Washing of the load 82 of the filter 26 is carried out by the filtrate with a reverse water flow - from bottom to top. In this case, the filtrate is taken from the tank 31 by one of the pumps 23 and fed through the pipe 86 to the filter 26 through the drainage system 81 to flush the load 82. At the same time, the load 82 goes into suspension (expands to 40-50% of the load height) and during a certain time is washed in an upward flow of water. Dirty wash water through side pocket 80 and pipe 87 is discharged into wastewater tank 32.

To optimize the washing process, a hydraulic switch is installed on the wash water discharge pipe 87, which supplies a small amount of water to the cuvette of the turbidity and color analyzer of the AMC type, AMC controls the washing process of the filter load by the quality of the flushing water and, upon its completion, gives a command to turn the filter on - transferring the installation from the washing mode to the filtering mode.

Technological scheme No. 24. The study of clarification of water by rapid filtration

According to this technological scheme, a quick filter with a single-layer or two-layer loading 26 is used.

Water from the intermediate source water tank 15 is pumped by pump 23 for clarification to the quick filter 26. The study of the water purification process according to this scheme can be carried out both by the reagentless method and with the addition of reagents. In the reagent method of water clarification, apparatus and equipment for the preparation and dosing of reagents are used.

Technological scheme №25. Double filtration water treatment

In this technological scheme, a pressure filter 27 with a coarse-grained loading and a quick filter with a single-layer or two-layer loading 26 are used.

Water from the intermediate source water tank 15 is taken by the pump 23 and supplied for preliminary clarification to the pressure filter 27 and then, for final purification to the quick filter 26. The study of the water purification process according to this scheme can be carried out both by a non-reagent method and with the addition of reagents. In this case, reagent facilities for the preparation and dosing of reagents are involved.

Technological scheme No. 26. Water purification according to a two-stage scheme in a horizontal sump and a quick filter

Water from the intermediate source water tank 15 is taken by the pump 23 and supplied to the flocculation chamber 21, from which it flows by gravity to the horizontal clarifier 22. The clarified water from the clarifier is discharged to the intermediate clarified water tank 29. Further, the water clarified in the horizontal settler from the intermediate clarified water tank 29 23 is fed to the quick filter 26.

Technological scheme No. 27. Disinfection of water by direct electrolysis on the apparatus "Flow"

To assess the possibility of disinfecting water by direct electrolysis on the Potok apparatus, purified water according to the above schemes is supplied to the Potok 28 direct electrolysis apparatus. This circuit is used at a concentration of chlorides in water of at least 20 mg / l. If there is a lack of chlorides, for the disinfection of water or the study of water purification processes using a chlorine oxidizer, an increase in chlorides in water is provided by adding a solution of sodium chloride,

Disinfection of water occurs due to the action of active chlorine produced during the electrolysis of chlorides contained in the treated water. With the passage of treated water from the bottom up in the interelectrode space of the electrolyzer, its disinfection is ensured. To ensure sufficient rigidity of disinfection with the complete death of pathogens and favorable organoleptic properties, the concentration of residual chlorine in tap water is maintained in the range of 0.3-0.5 mg / L.

Technological scheme №28. Carrying out technological research of various types of filter materials

According to this technological scheme, it is possible to conduct studies on the high-speed filter 26 in the high-speed filtering mode or the pressure filter 27 in the fast and ultra-high-speed filtering modes. In the work, various types of filtering materials can be used, as well as schemes for their loading.

Technological scheme №29. Conducting technological research in parallel two-stage schemes

Parallel circuits are implemented as follows:

1) The source water is supplied by pumps 23 according to the schemes: flocculation chamber 21, horizontal settler 22, filter 26.

2) The source water is supplied by the pump 23 according to the scheme: air separator 24, clarifier with suspended sediment 25, filter 26.

The study of water purification processes with these parallel schemes is carried out with the addition of reagents to the source water. In this case, reagent facilities for the preparation and dosing of reagents according to the above description are involved.

Technological scheme №30. Conducting technological research in parallel work on single-stage schemes

Water from the intermediate source water tank 15 is taken by pumps 23 and supplied in parallel to the running quick filter 26 and pressure filter 27. In reagent clarification of water, a reagent farm for the preparation and dosing of reagents is used.

At MAKUILV, the stands provide the opportunity to study and conduct research on integrated circuits and digital machines in the following areas:

1. The study and study of individual blocks and the channel of program control from a PC with a reversible micromotor of a valve for dosing reagents.

2. Study and study of individual blocks and the channel for transmitting discrete information to a PC from blocks of electronic level gauges, limit switches (limiters) of shut-off and control valves, electrical contact pressure gauges and photoelectric sensors used in technical and technological installations.

3. The study and study of individual blocks and the channel for transmitting analog information to a personal computer from flow meters, differential pressure meters, tachomeometric converters of rotational speed of drives, photometric and electronic converters of qualitative indicators of water used in technical and technological installations.

4. The study and study of individual blocks and discrete control channel reversing actuators actuators of valves of technical and technological installations according to the program from the PC.

5. Study and study of individual blocks and the channel for analog control of reversible micromotors of valves of shut-off and control valves of technical and technological installations according to a program from a personal computer.

6. The study and study of individual blocks and the control channel of the electric drives of pumping and blowing units according to a program from a personal computer.

7. The study and study of individual blocks and the channel for controlling the performance of pumping and blowing units with adjustable electric drives (REP) according to the PC program.

Claims (18)

1. A multifunctional automated comprehensive training and research laboratory is made in the form of blocks and devices for water pumping and water treatment connected in series and / or in parallel technologically, hydraulically and hydrodynamically connected through intermediate tanks and contains: a pumping station of the first lift connected via pressure pipelines to switching chambers with an intermediate source water reservoir, which is interconnected with the technological apparatuses and units of an automated water purification station, including a clarification unit for water clarification, consisting of a flocculation chamber, a horizontal settling tank, a reagent farm unit for preparing and dosing reagents during water treatment, a unit for clarifying water in a suspended layer containing an air separator connected to a clarifier with a suspended layer sediment, filter clarification water unit, including non-pressure fast and pressure fast or ultra-fast filters with an intermediate tank lennoy water, which in turn by means of the second lift pumping station associated with the water disinfection apparatus and connected to the intermediate pure water tank, the laboratory is equipped with an automated process control system with the central control remote control using computers and mimic. 2. The laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure conduits are equipped with emergency simulation units located behind the switching chambers counting along the direction of flow, each of which is equipped with a water pressure relief pipe connected to an intermediate source water tank and / or a receiving tank . 3. The laboratory according to claims 1, 2, characterized in that the intermediate reservoirs of the source and clarified water are interconnected by a tubular jumper with a valve and are equipped with submersible pumps located inside them and distributors arranged along the bottom in the form of high-pressure drainage and connected to the pump discharge pipe , and the suction nozzles of the pumps are equipped with flooded floating water intake devices, submerged at least twice as high as the design of the intake device, as well as information converters fir trees installed inside the tanks. 4. The laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the reagent dosing pipeline is adopted from the condition of a pressure loss in it of at least 0.3 m. 5. Laboratory according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the horizontal settler model is made in the form of a hydraulic tray with transparent side walls; equipped with movable removable: reflector and hole partition, movable hole bottom, made with the ability to change and fix the angle of inclination in the longitudinal direction and its height above the sediment collection system, a set of transparent mesh cassettes, upper and side illumination blocks, U-shaped longitudinal guides to install cassettes. 6. The laboratory according to claim 5, characterized in that the cassettes of the kit are made in a rectangular shape with a aspect ratio of the sides to the dimensions of the settler model vertically 1: 1, horizontally 1: 3-1: 5. 7. The laboratory according to claims 5, 6, characterized in that the cassettes of the kit are covered with a rectangular coordinate grid with a variable or uniform pitch using a vertical to horizontal ratio of 1:10, while the step size is at least 2 mm. 8. The laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that the model of clarifier with suspended sediment is made with a transparent front wall covering the area of the working areas, equipped with a removable mesh cassette in a scale of 1: 1 to the wall chambers, the mesh pitch is at least 50 × 50 mm. 9. The laboratory of claim 8, wherein the rear wall of all three corridors of the clarifier model is equipped with light windows and movable backlight units to their working height. 10. The laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that the model of a pressure-free quick filter is made with a transparent front wall for the entire living section and equipped with a rectangular coordinate grid with initial axes coinciding with the filter faces and a mesh size of at least 5 × 5 mm. 11. The laboratory of claim 10, wherein the model of the pressure-free quick filter is equipped with a light source in a transparent cylindrical housing located vertically in the loading space of the filter housing with the possibility of horizontal movement within the living section of the filter. 12. The laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that the model of the pressure fast or ultra-high-speed filter is equipped with a transparent window with a rectangular coordinate grid deposited on it with a mesh size of at least 5 × 5 mm and coordinate axes that match in height - a vertical generatrix, in width - with the outer circumference of the filter and at the level of the upper surface of the hole bottom. 13. The laboratory according to item 12, characterized in that the model of the pressure fast or ultra-high speed filter is equipped with a removable vertical cup device attached to the filter cover. 14. The laboratory according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the automatic control and management system is mounted on real-life models of technological devices and units of the water supply system. 15. The laboratory according to 14, characterized in that the automatic control system from the PC is made according to the radial-sequential principle, with the placement of the interface units directly near the remote objects. 16. The laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that for a better training of the student, the laboratory includes a set of laboratory stands for the study of integrated circuits and digital machines by the processes of the water supply system. 17. The laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that the automatic control and management system is configured to manually and automatically control the technological processes of water supply and is made in two versions: using relay-contact elements and integrated circuits and microprocessor-based digital technology. 18. The laboratory according to claims 1, 14-17, characterized in that the automatic monitoring and control system is equipped with a mimic diagram operating in real time with a display of the equipment status of the entire system.

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