RU2247430C1 - Module-type aircraft simulator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: pilot training facilities.

SUBSTANCE: module mock-up of pilot cabin is provided with simulator modules of information presentation units and modules of control member simulators at working station of trainee. Instructor working station module is provided with information presentation units and control member simulator at instructor working station. Provision is also made for information presentation modules in space beyond cabin, modules realizing simulation of accelerating sensation, modules of objective monitoring system and simulation and control modules. Module unit of objective monitoring system is made in form of data preparation system connected to modules of computer system for analysis of pilotage; it includes parameter selection modules, flight mission interpretation modules, modules for determination of pilotage sections, separation of preset magnitudes of parameters, comparison of present parameters with preset ones, mission at sections of standard errors, detection of deviation from preset magnitudes of parameters, calculation of quantitative estimation and detection of typical pilotage errors.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of acquiring flight skills; reduction of training time.

8 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to technical means for the professional training of flight personnel and is intended for use in training and training pilots throughout the entire range of tasks related to piloting, navigation and combat use of an aircraft using on-board instruments, equipment and systems, including actions in special cases in flight.

Comprehensive flight simulators are known, containing the workplace of the student and instructor, equipped with controls, dashboards, display devices, a control system, an environmental visualization system, a mobility system and a computer system with a local computer network (GB 2260304 A, G 09 V 9/08, 04/14/1993; US 4599070 A, G 09 V 9/08, 07/08/1986; RU 24583 U1, G 09 B 9/08, 08/10/2002; RU 32623 U1, G 09 B 9/08, 09/20/2003).

However, the well-known flight simulators are characterized by low efficiency of flight crew training, which is explained by the limited functional capabilities of the used building structures.

Closest to the proposed one is an aircraft simulator containing modules for the pilot’s cockpit and instructor’s workspace, a block of modules for displaying information in the cockpit space, a block of modules that imitate acceleration sensations, as well as interconnected block of program modules of the objective control system having corresponding connections to all of the above blocks of functional modules (RU 2087037 C1, G 09 V 9/08, 08/10/1997).

The disadvantage of this simulator is also associated with the low efficiency of training pilots due to the imperfection of its objective control system.

The objective of the invention is the creation of an effective aviation simulator, the use of which provides a technical result, which manifests itself in increasing the skills acquired by the pilots and reducing the training time for pilots.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a flight simulator of a modular design containing a module for a pilot’s cockpit model with a block of modules for simulating information display devices at the learner’s workplace and a block of modules of control simulators at the student’s workplace, an instructor workstation module with a block of modules for displaying information on the instructor’s workplace and the unit of control tools modules at the instructor’s workplace, the unit of information display modules in the cockpit space to modules that imitate acceleration sensations, as well as interconnected block of software modules of the objective control system, the input of which is connected to one of the outputs of the module of the instructor’s workstation, and the outputs - to the first inputs of the modules of the layout of the cockpit and instructor’s workplace, and the block of software simulation modules and control, the input of which is connected to the other output of the module of the instructor’s workstation, and the outputs - to the second inputs of the modules of the layout of the cockpit and the instructor’s workplace and the inputs of the module block display information in the cockpit space and a block of modules that imitate acceleration sensations — the block of program modules of the objective control system is a data preparation system for the pilot analysis connected to the program modules of the simulator’s computer system, which includes program modules for selecting parameters, program modules for interpreting flight tasks, software modules for determining piloting areas, software modules for highlighting in areas of given values parameters, program modules for comparing the current values of the parameters with the given ones, program modules for specifying the areas of reference error signs, program modules for detecting deviations from the parameter values, program modules for calculating quantitative estimates and program modules for detecting typical pilot errors, while the inputs of the program modules for determining the sections piloting is connected to the outputs of the software modules for selecting parameters and software modules for interpreting flight tasks, and the output dy - with the inputs of the software highlighting modules in the sections of the given parameter values, the inputs of the software modules for comparing the current parameter values with the given ones are connected to the outputs of the software highlighting modules in the sections of the given parameter values, the software task modules in the areas of the reference error signs and the corresponding output of the software parameter selection modules, and outputs - to the inputs of software modules for detecting deviations from the specified parameter values, inputs of software modules for calculating quantitative estimates are connected to the outputs of the software modules for detecting deviations from the specified parameter values, and the outputs to the inputs of the software modules for identifying characteristic pilot errors, the inputs of the data preparation system for pilot analysis are the inputs of the software modules for selecting parameters, and its outputs are the outputs of the software modules for calculating quantitative estimates and software modules for detecting typical pilot errors.

The achievement of the technical result contribute to the private essential features of the invention.

The block of software modules for simulation and control includes a block of software modules for simulating an external environment, a block of software modules for simulating a control unit, a block for software modules for simulating a power plant, a block for software modules for simulating an arms control system, a block for software modules for simulating subsystems of on-board equipment, and a block for software modules for on-board equipment algorithms for combat use.

The block of software modules for simulating the external environment contains a software module for the standard atmosphere, a software module for atmospheric disturbances (wind), a software module for the terrain, a software module for interacting with objects, a software module for targets, and a software module for the acoustic environment.

The block of software modules for simulating the control object contains a software module for calculating the full spatial motion, a software module for calculating the aerodynamic characteristics, and a software module for the quasistatic model of the chassis.

The block of software modules for simulating a power plant contains a program module for traction, a program module for expenses, and a program module for revolutions.

The block of software modules for simulating the control system contains a software module for sensors, a software module for filters, a software module for the primary and secondary control loops, a software module for dynamic drive models, a software module for controlling the brake flap, and a block for models of automatic and semi-automatic control modes.

The block of software modules for simulating subsystems of onboard equipment contains a software module for sensors of flight information, a software module for a navigation system, a software module for an airborne signal system, a software module for a control system for general aircraft equipment, a software module for an integrated system for recording flight information, and a software module for failures in an aircraft equipment system.

The armament control system simulation software module block contains a weapon control system software module, an integrated optical-location station software module, a suspended load software module, and a defense complex software module.

Figure 1 shows the structural diagram of the proposed flight simulator, figure 2 is a functional block diagram of the software modules of the objective control system, and figure 3 is a functional block diagram of the software modules of simulation and control.

Figure 1 shows: module 1 of the pilot’s cockpit model with block 2 of modules for simulating information display devices at the student’s workplace and block 3 of modules of simulators for control devices at the student’s workplace, module 4 of the instructor’s workstation with block 5 of modules for displaying information at the student’s place instructor and block 6 modules of controls at the instructor's workplace, block 7 modules for displaying information in the cockpit space, block 8 modules that imitate acceleration sensations, as well as inter knitted block 9 software modules of the objective control system and block 10 software modules of simulation and control. The input of block 9 of the program modules of the objective control system is connected to one of the outputs of module 5 of the instructor’s workstation, and the outputs are connected to the first inputs of module 1 of the pilot’s cockpit layout and module 4 of the instructor’s workplace. The input of block 10 of the software modules for simulation and control is connected to the other output of module 1 of the instructor’s workstation, and the outputs are connected to the second inputs of module 1 of the cockpit model and module 4 of the instructor’s workstation and the inputs of block 7 of the modules for displaying information in the cockpit space and block 8 of the modules, imitating acceleration sensations.

Figure 2 shows: connected to the software modules 11 of the simulator's computing system, a data preparation system 12 for pilot analysis, software modules 13 for selecting parameters, software modules 14 for interpreting flight tasks, software modules 15 for determining pilot areas, software modules 16 for highlighting at specific values parameters, program modules 17 comparing the current values of the parameters with the given ones, program modules 18 of the task in the areas of signs of reference errors, program modules 19 detected Ia deviations from the values of the parameters, program modules 20 compute quantitative assessments, program modules 21 detect the characteristic errors and piloting module 22 for interfacing with an objective monitoring system integral. The inputs of the software modules 15 for determining the pilot areas are connected to the outputs of the software modules 13 for selecting parameters and the software modules 14 for interpreting the flight tasks, and the outputs are connected to the inputs of the software modules 16 for highlighting the sections of the specified parameter values. The inputs of the software modules 17 for comparing the current values of the parameters with the given ones are connected to the outputs of the software modules 16 for highlighting the set parameter values in the sections, the program modules 18 for setting the reference error signs and the corresponding output of the software modules 13 for selecting parameters, and the outputs for the inputs of the detection software modules 19 deviations from the set parameter values. The inputs of the software modules 20 for calculating quantitative estimates are connected to the outputs of the software modules 19 for detecting deviations from the set parameter values, and the outputs are connected to the inputs of the software modules 21 for detecting characteristic pilot errors. The inputs of the data preparation system 12 for piloting analysis are the inputs of the software modules 13 for selecting parameters, and its outputs are the outputs of the software modules 20 for calculating quantitative estimates and the software modules 21 for detecting typical pilot errors.

Figure 3 designates: included in block 10 of software modules for simulation and control, block 22 of software modules for simulation of the external environment, block 23 of software modules for simulation of a control object, block 24 of software modules for simulation of a power plant, block 25 of software modules for simulation of a control system, block 26 of software modules for simulating the subsystem of on-board equipment, block 27 software modules of the weapon control system and block 28 software modules of the algorithms for combat use.

Block 22 of the software modules for simulating the external environment contains a software module 29 for the standard atmosphere, a software module 30 for the wind, a software module 31 for the relief, a software module 32 for interacting with objects, a software module 33 for the targets, and a software module 34 for the acoustic environment.

Block 23 of the program modules for simulating the control object comprises a program module 35 for full spatial motion, a program module 36 for aerodynamics, a program module 37 for a quasi-static chassis model.

Block 24 of the software modules simulating the power plant contains a software module 38 thrust, a software module 39 costs and a software module 40 revolutions.

Block 25 of the software modules for simulating the control system comprises a software module 41 of sensors and filters, a software module 42 of the main control circuit, a software module 43 of the backup control circuit, a software module 44 of the drives, a software module 45 for controlling the brake flap and a program module 46 of the control modes.

Block 26 of the software modules for simulating the onboard equipment subsystem contains a software module 47 for flight information sensors, a software module 48 for the navigation system, a software module 49 for the airborne signal system, a software module 50 for the control system for general aircraft equipment, a software module 51 for the registration of flight information and a software module 52 for failures on-board equipment system.

Block 27 of the software modules for simulating an arms control system comprises a software module 53 for a weapon control system, a software module 54 for an integrated optical-radar and radar station, and a software module 55 for suspended loads and 56 a software module for a defense complex.

The hardware and software of the simulator are made on a modular basis and provide for the possibility of creating, on their basis, the simulator of the appropriate type of aircraft of a complex, specialized or procedural type.

The simulator provides training for the flight crew to solve the following problems:

inclusion, control and preparation for flight of onboard systems and equipment of the aircraft;

preparation of the power plant for launch, launch, testing on the ground and launch in the air;

taxiing, take-off, climb with visual visibility of the runway, adjacent terrain and the horizon, as well as take-off at night with visual visibility of night start facilities;

piloting the aircraft by instruments and visually in the full operational range of heights, speeds, roll and pitch angles, attack and overload angles using on-board instruments, flight and navigation equipment and systems in manual, director and automatic modes;

performance of simple and complex aerobatics;

making decisions on timely bailouts and its implementation;

air navigation along the route at high, medium and low altitudes, using the navigation systems on board;

conducting two-way communication with ground control centers simulated by interacting aircraft and an instructor;

pre-landing maneuver, landing approach and landing of the aircraft using flight-navigation and radio-technical landing equipment, as well as with visual visibility of the runway;

development of actions in case of falling into critical flight modes (corkscrew, stall, etc.), in case of power plant, aircraft systems and equipment failures, as well as in the event of other emergency situations;

working out group flotation as a part of a couple day and night in PMP and beyond the clouds;

search, detection, identification and targeted use of TSA on ground moving and stationary targets;

interception of air targets in free space and on the background of the earth;

conducting maneuverable close air combat;

combat use in the face of opposition from simulated enemy ground and air forces;

counteraction to the attacking forces of the enemy;

analysis of the results of combat use;

conducting group activities;

actions in special cases at the stages of combat use;

decision on timely bailout and its implementation.

The simulator provides the following training opportunities:

task and operational change in the initial conditions of the exercise, external factors simulating a flight task;

control over the actions of students in regular and emergency situations, as well as the operational change in the conditions of a flight task;

entry of failures and control over the actions of students in regular and emergency situations;

repeated testing of individual tasks and phases of flight and combat use under given initial conditions;

stopping the “flight” with freezing the current coordinates and readings on the instruments to analyze the situation and continue the “flight” from this point;

objective (automated) control and assessment of exercises;

creating a database for each student with the ability to process information about the results of training on the simulator.

The simulator provides modeling in the normal and emergency modes of operation of the following on-board systems and equipment of the aircraft:

power plant;

fuel system;

oil system;

hydraulic system;

power supply systems;

fire fighting equipment;

anti-icing system;

air conditioning and pressure control systems;

aircraft control systems;

automatic control systems;

flight and navigation complex;

radio communication equipment;

light and sound alarm systems;

lighting equipment;

complex of altitude and speed parameters,

radar equipment;

sighting and navigation complex;

weapons control systems;

airborne defense complex.

Modeling the functioning of the systems and equipment of the aircraft is performed in the computer system of the simulator. Mathematical models reflect the algorithms and logic of the operation of these systems, as well as reflect the characteristic errors of their work, taking into account simulated operating modes, flight conditions and external factors.

The computing system with the software package is based on standard serial computing tools and provides:

general functioning of the simulator and the operation of its systems;

modeling in real time the dynamics of the flight of the aircraft, the interacting forces and the forces of the enemy;

real-time simulation of the operation of simulated systems and equipment;

real-time simulation of the tactical environment and external conditions;

management and supervision of the educational process.

The architecture of the simulator's computing system provides for the possibility of its interfacing with other simulators (and with remote access) to provide the possibility of joint training on a single air navigation background to work out interaction issues when solving various tasks in pairs.

The crew interacts with simulated systems and equipment of the aircraft through the appropriate simulators of display and control units located in blocks 2 and 3 of model 1 of the pilot’s cabin at the student’s workplace. The work of simulators of radio communication equipment, intercoms, voice informant, sound alarm is reproduced through a standard headset, connected through standard connectors at the workplace.

The student’s workplace on the simulator is a full-size mock-up of the aircraft’s cockpit with simulators of control and display elements forming the information-control field (ICP) of the cockpit of the corresponding aircraft.

The design of the layout 1 of the cab provides the ability to install it on the dynamic stand of the system for simulating acceleration effects.

The internal geometric dimensions and coloring of the cab layout 1, the placement, dimensions and appearance of the control and indication simulators correspond to the real ones. In this case, possible distortions in the geometry of the cockpit caused by the method of reproducing its IUP are minimal and do not create false images in a training flight crew.

The simulators of the indication and control elements in blocks 2 and 3 are identical in geometrical characteristics and appearance to real equipment. At the same time, images of some means of information display can be performed by computer synthesis.

Simulators of RUS, pedals and throttle in geometric characteristics and placement are fully consistent with the real ones. The reproducible loads (efforts) on the RUS and pedals correspond to the reproduced flight mode.

The load on the controls is reproduced by using controlled loaders based on torque motors or controlled hydraulic loaders, which also reproduce the trim effect.

The cockpit model 1 is equipped with lighting similar to that of a real aircraft, and a ventilation and air conditioning system that provide normal sanitary and hygienic conditions for training the flight crew.

The simulator’s visual environment system (SIVO) of the simulator provides the learner with a high degree of realism of the image of the cockpit space using block 7 in accordance with the task and the simulated flight mode, time of day, weather conditions, in the following volume:

space in the area of the airfield with the visibility of the runway, taxiway (taxiway), lighting equipment, buildings, landscape of the surrounding area;

volumetric image of the underlying surface landscape outside the aerodrome area with visibility of the terrain, forest areas, rivers, reservoirs, fields, settlements, as well as typical ground objects;

cloud cover, fog, haze, rain front;

coupled aircraft;

external visual ground and air situation in solving combat missions, with imitation of interacting aircraft, ground and air enemy equipment and effects associated with the use of aviation weapons (ASA) (traces of missiles, shells, smoke, characteristic destruction of objects and targets after TSA applications, etc.).

The system for simulating the visual environment of the SIVO simulator has at least 3 channels and provides a field of view of at least 160 ° × 40 °. The frame rate is not lower than 50 Hz, the resolution is 1280 × 1024 pixels per channel. At least three television projectors, one for each channel, are used as a SIVO reproducing device.

SIVO includes a database of flight simulations in the following areas:

the area of the aerodrome (s) take-off, landing;

route area;

area (s) of piloting.

SIVO includes a database of simulating the underlying surface with a size of at least 150 × 150 km with reference to a real geographical area using a digital map of the area.

A simulator of acoustic information with a fairly high degree of realism reproduces the following noises:

aerodynamic;

runway, taxiway traffic;

work of blood pressure, including abnormal modes of their work;

operation of equipment and systems of a simulated aircraft;

acoustic effects associated with the use of TSA.

The corresponding acoustic information is synthesized by computer means and reproduced by stereo (or multi-channel) speaker systems. The hardware simulators of acoustic information are implemented as separate special blocks based on standard multimedia tools.

To reproduce the acceleration effects on the simulator, an acceleration information simulator based on a dynamic stand can be used as an autonomous hardware-software module. In this case, it is possible to use dynamic stands with a hydraulic or electric drive.

The instructor’s workplace (RMI) is made in the form of a separate hardware and software module 4, which includes, in blocks 5 and 6, indication tools designed to display the information necessary for monitoring the educational process, and the controls through which the instructor enters the necessary information and performs the functions process control.

RMI contains the following components:

computer system;

duplicate display organs of a simulated aircraft;

SIVO video monitoring device;

monitors displaying information required by the instructor;

controls in the form of appropriate consoles, providing on / off of the simulator and its systems (emergency shutdown);

PC display, keyboard and mouse manipulator for forming tasks, changing scenarios and controlling the training process.

The RMI computer system is connected to the base aircraft of the simulator and processes and submits the required information to the instructors in the required form, and processes the instructor commands.

RMI is designed to solve the following tasks of management and observation of the educational process on the simulator:

turning on, turning off and preparing the simulator for work, monitoring the performance of systems and the simulator as a whole;

preliminary selection of exercise scenario and input of initial data;

operational monitoring and management of the training process, monitoring the actions of trainees, conducting two-way communication with them, the use of game training methods (performing the functions of a flight leader, etc.);

input flight mission (configuration, route, combat mission, flight of a single aircraft, paired) and the conditions for its implementation (time of day, weather conditions, visibility conditions, area of combat use);

task of tactical situation (air, ground targets, fire and other counteraction, etc.);

operational change in the scenario of the current exercise (input failures);

control and adjustment of the learner's actions;

showing the right actions;

playing along with the enemy’s actions and the group’s aircraft;

objective control and assessment of the actions of students;

display of control results for the exercises performed.

The simulator includes a system of objective control (RNS), designed to provide automated monitoring and evaluation of the actions of students in the training process. The functioning of the RNS is provided by software implemented in the RMI. Estimated actions of the learner formed by the RNC are presented on the RMI indication and recorded on magnetic and paper media.

The RNC accumulates statistical data for each student based on the results of all training sessions, summarizes them and determines the integral score indicating the possible errors of each student. The results of objective control are presented to the RMI promptly during the training and at the end of the training in the form of an integral assessment indicating the errors of each student in all exercises.

General exercise equipment is designed to ensure the health and normal functioning of individual systems and the simulator as a whole. The structure of the general exercise equipment and simulator systems include:

power supply system that provides power to all the simulator systems from the industrial (or airfield) network, including the conversion of the industrial network to the required type (constant, alternating voltage, its amplitude and frequency) and quality (permissible deviations), as well as providing emergency protection for the simulator and its systems from overvoltage and other emergency factors;

air conditioning and ventilation system that provides normal operating conditions for the simulator and its systems in terms of temperature, humidity and clean air;

A system for automated performance monitoring and diagnostics of simulator systems.

Claims (8)

1. A flight simulator of modular design, containing a module for the layout of the cockpit with a block of modules of simulators of information display devices at the student’s workplace and a block of modules of simulators of controls at the student’s workplace, an instructor’s module with a block of modules of information display tools at the instructor’s workplace and a block modules of controls at the instructor’s workplace, a block of modules for displaying information in the cockpit space, a block of modules that imitate acceleration sensations, as well as interconnected block of modules of the objective control system, the input of which is connected to one of the outputs of the module of the instructor’s workstation, and the outputs - to the first inputs of the modules of the layout of the cockpit and the instructor’s workplace, and the block of simulation and control modules, the input of which is connected to another output of the instructor’s workstation module, and the outputs - with the second inputs of the cockpit layout modules and the instructor’s workstation and the inputs of the module for displaying information in the cockpit space and the module block, for simulating acceleration sensations, characterized in that the module block of the objective control system includes a data preparation system for the pilot analysis connected to the modules of the simulator’s computer system, which includes parameter selection modules, interpretation modules for flight tasks, modules for determining the pilot areas, allocation modules in the areas of the set parameter values, modules for comparing the current values of the parameters with the set, the task modules in the areas of signs of reference errors ok, modules for detecting deviations from the set parameter values, modules for calculating quantitative estimates and modules for detecting typical pilot errors, while the inputs of the modules for determining the pilot areas are connected to the outputs of the modules for selecting parameters and modules for interpreting flight tasks, and the outputs to the inputs of the highlighting modules in the areas specified parameter values, the inputs of the modules comparing the current parameter values with the given ones are connected to the outputs of the highlighting modules in the sections of the given parameter values, prog amm of the task modules in the areas of reference error signs and the corresponding output of the parameter selection modules, and the outputs to the inputs of the modules for detecting deviations from the given parameter values, the inputs of the modules for calculating quantitative estimates are connected to the outputs of the modules for detecting deviations from the given parameter values, and the outputs to the inputs of the modules for identifying typical pilot errors, the inputs of the data preparation system for pilot analysis are the inputs of the parameter selection modules, and its outputs are the outputs of the subtracting modules tracking quantitative estimates and identification modules for typical pilot errors. 2. The flight simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the block of simulation and control modules includes a block of simulation modules of the external environment, a block of simulation modules of a control object, a block of simulation modules of a power plant, a block of simulation modules of a control system, a block of simulation modules of an onboard subsystem equipment, a module module for simulating an arms control system, and a module block for algorithms for combat use. 3. The flight simulator according to claim 2, characterized in that the block of modules for simulating the external environment contains a standard atmosphere module, a wind module, a relief module, a module for interacting with objects, a target module, and an electromagnetic environment module. 4. The flight simulator according to claim 2, characterized in that the block of modules for simulating the control object comprises a module for full spatial movement, an aerodynamics module, and a chassis model module. 5. The flight simulator according to claim 2, characterized in that the power unit simulation module block comprises a thrust module, an expense module, and a revolution module. 6. The flight simulator according to claim 2, characterized in that the block of control system simulation modules comprises a sensor and filter module, primary and backup control loop modules, a drive module and a control algorithm module. 7. The flight simulator according to claim 2, characterized in that the block of modules for simulating the on-board equipment subsystem contains a module for flight information sensors, a navigation system module, an air signal system module, a general aviation equipment control system module, an integrated flight information registration system module, and a failure module in on-board equipment system. 8. The flight simulator according to claim 2, characterized in that the module of the weapon control system simulation modules contains a weapon control system module, a suspended cargo system module, an integrated optical radar and radar station module, a suspended cargo module and a defense complex module.

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