RU2246810C1 - Pivot and lever four link mechanism of hitch for joining of agricultural tools and machines with frame of tractor to be aggregated - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, hitch systems for agricultural tractors.

SUBSTANCE: hitch mechanism has upper and lower shafts spaced from one another in transverse-vertical plane and connected with one another through right-hand and left-hand tines. Hitch mechanism is equipped with power hydraulic cylinder having base and stem. Base of hydraulic cylinder is disposed on lower shaft. Hydraulic cylinder stem lever is mounted on upper shaft. Hitch mechanism has hollow shaft with left-hand and right-hand lifting levers mounted on upper shaft and kinematically connected with hydraulic cylinder stem lever, central upper tie-rod with fork, and shock-absorber made in the form of spring, adjusting threaded coupling, head and finger, left-hand and right-hand lower longitudinal tie-rods equipped with mechanisms for changing length thereof. Left-hand and right-hand lower longitudinal tie-rods are connected through forks with left-hand and right-hand struts. Lower longitudinal tie-rods are joined thorough central head to lower shaft for movement thereon. Free ends of lower longitudinal tie-rods are provided with spherical pivot joints. Lateral motion of left-hand and right-hand lower longitudinal tie-rods is fixed by means of left-hand and right-hand restricting chains with couplings. Each mechanism for changing length of longitudinal tie-rod is made in the form of telescopic parts of tie-rod. Tie-rod parts are mutually connected with hydraulic drive for retracting of hydraulic drive stem toward lower shaft in transport position and for suppressing by means of hydraulic drive of high-frequency impact loads during process.

EFFECT: wider operational capabilities, enhanced reliability in operation and reduced action of dynamic loads upon tractor drive part and agricultural machine joined by means of hitching mechanism.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to mounted systems for agricultural tractors.

A device for connecting a tractor with tillage implements is known, comprising upper and lower longitudinal rods, braces, a lifting mechanism with a power hydraulic cylinder, an arm mounted on the implement’s frame and connected to the upper link, and an axis passing through the lower link eyes connected to the implement’s frame, in which, in order to ensure regulation of the direction of the traction force of the implement and to improve the conditions for copying the microrelief by the implement, the front of the implement’s frame is equipped with an inclined, downward-facing upright having vertical openings for the axis passing through the eyes of the lower links, and the central link and vertical braces have grooves for the fingers of the mating elements (SU, copyright certificate No. 337085, class C. A 01 B 59/04. Device for connecting the tractor to tillage tools./Z.A. Khantadze, G.I.Gegelidze, N.K. Macharashvili, A.A. Gogvadze, A.Sh. Chinchaladze and V.N. Goglidze (USSR) - application No. 1497897 / 30-15 ; Declared December 6, 1970; Publish 05.05.1972, Bull. No. 15 // Discoveries. Inventions - 1972. - No. 15).

The disadvantages of this device include the unsatisfactory dynamic characteristics of the arable unit during transport and technological crossings on field roads. This is due to the fact that the grooves (11) of the central upper thrust (1) and vertical braces (3) lead to shock loads when moving bumps on roads, technological ditches, and when turning on a corral.

A mounted plow hitch is known, including a frame with rods, in which, in order to improve unevenness of the soil and ensure additional loading of the drive wheels of the tractor, the thrusts are located in a horizontal plane, the central one being made in the form of a support beam, one end of which is rigidly connected to the plow frame, and the other is mounted with the ability to move in the horizontal plane along the axis of the tractor trailer (SU, copyright certificate No. 808020, M. class ^3. A 01 B 59/06. Mounted plow. / Ryzhikh N.E., Balabanov E.T. (USSR). - Application No. 2684822 / 30-15; filed November 10, 1978; publ 28.08.1981, Bulletin №8 // Discoveries Inventions -.... 1981. - №8).

The disadvantages of this device include the unsatisfactory dynamic characteristics of the arable unit during transport crossings. This is due to the design of the guides (3).

It is also known a coupling device for attaching agricultural implements to a tractor, comprising a tractor attachment, an implement with a lock, a connecting frame and a latch, in which, in order to improve the quality of work and the reliability of the device, it is equipped with a fuse and a two-arm lever, one shoulder of which is provided with a horizontal hinge and a fuse mounted on the connecting frame, and the other is pivotally connected to the upper link of the linkage mechanism; the upper link is made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder; the safety device is made in the form of a pin (SU, copyright certificate No. 1207409 A, M. cl. ^4. A 01 B 59/04. Coupling device for connecting agricultural implements // Kuzin EP, Kalmanovich BG, Reznikov E. Z., Gulyaev Yu.V., Kuzminskaya A.K. (USSR) - application No. 3763259 / 30-15; Claimed 07/11/1984; Publish. 01.30.1986, Bull. No. 4 // Discoveries. Inventions. -1986 . - No. 4).

The disadvantages of this device include unsatisfactory dynamic characteristics of the agricultural unit. The hydraulic cylinder in the upper link (3) of the linkage mechanism only allows to increase the transport clearance of the mounted frame (4) of the implement.

In addition to the described technical means, a tractor hinge device is known, containing traction and a lifting mechanism, consisting of a rotary shaft with levers fixed on it, connected by braces with lower longitudinal rods, in which each of the lower rods is equipped with the aim of simplifying the design, improving reliability and reducing metal consumption elastic suspension with rigid by the tractor housing, and a rotating shaft of the lifting mechanism is designed as a torsion bar (SU, Inventor's certificate №677698, M. ² Cl. a 01 B 59/04. Attachments ustroyst about the tractor. / Orlov S.F., Aleksandrov V.A., Kharitonov A.F. (USSR) - application No. 2554315 / 30-15; Declared 12.12.1977; Publish. 05.01.1979, Bull. No. 29 / / Discoveries. Inventions. - 1979. - No. 29).

The disadvantages of this tractor attachment are low dynamic characteristics. Elastic suspensions (3, 4) do not exclude shock loads arising from the mass of the mounted implement both in the transport position and when moving obstacles in the form of ditches, potholes and arable land on field roads.

The closest analogue to the claimed object includes a linkage-articulated linkage mechanism for connecting agricultural implements and machines with the frame of an aggregated tractor, including upper and lower axes in the transverse vertical plane, a power hydraulic cylinder with a base and its rod, the axis of the base of the hydraulic cylinder, the rod lever, located on the upper axis, the left lifting lever, the right lifting lever, the hollow shaft of the lifting levers mounted on the upper axis and kinematically connected with the hydraulic cylinder rod lever, equipped with a fork with a shock absorber in the form of a spring, an adjusting threaded sleeve and a head, the central upper link and its finger, left and right struts in the links on the upper and lower axes, left and right braces made in the form of an earring, upper screw, adjusting clutch, lower screw, finger, sleeve and fork, left and right rods connected by means of a central head with a lower axis, left and right restriction chains with couplings (see DT-75 MB tractor. Technical description and operating instructions. 88.00.001 TO. - Second edition, revised and add. - Volgograd, 1982. - S.143-145, Fig. 80.).

The disadvantages of the described device include the low operational reliability of the linkage mechanism. The shock absorber in the upper link of the linkage mechanism does not improve the dynamic characteristics of the tractor with mounted agricultural implements.

The invention consists in the following.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to increase the operational reliability of mounted implements and machines on the frame of an aggregated tractor.

The technical result - the expansion of the range of aggregated mounted special, reclamation, irrigation and agricultural machines and implements, improving working conditions, reducing dynamic loads on the frame and chassis of the tractor to be mounted.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is expanding the functionality of the articulated four-link linkage mechanism of agricultural machines and implements on the frame of an aggregated tractor.

The technical result is the expansion of the range of mechanized technological operations performed by commercially available and experimental agricultural machines.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the well-known articulated four-link mechanism, the hinges for connecting agricultural implements and machines with the frame of an aggregated tractor, including upper and lower axes spaced in the transverse vertical plane, interconnected by right and left struts, a power hydraulic cylinder with a base and a rod, the axis of the base of the power hydraulic cylinder, a rod lever located on the upper axis, a hollow shaft with left and right lifting arms mounted on the upper axis and the kinematics connected with the rod lever of the power hydraulic cylinder, the central upper link with a fork and a shock absorber in the form of a spring, an adjusting threaded sleeve, a head and a finger, the left and right lower longitudinal links with mechanisms for changing their length, connected by forks to the left and right braces, and through the central heads - with a lower axis with the possibility of displacement on it, the free ends of the lower longitudinal rods are equipped with ball joints, and the left and right restriction chains with couplings, according to the invention, each specified mechanism Changes longitudinal length rod is designed as a telescopically arranged parts traction interconnected hydraulically, with the hydraulic drive rod retraction towards the bottom axis in the transport position and the possibility of suppression of high hydraulic shock in the process.

In Fig.1 shows a lever-articulated four-link linkage mechanism for connecting agricultural machines and implements with the frame of an aggregated tractor, a plan view.

Figure 2 is the same plan view.

Figure 3 shows the kinematics of the links of the linkage mechanism of the aggregated tractor when the transport clearance h _tr .

Figure 4 - right lower link with a mechanism for changing length, plan view.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The four-link hinged linkage mechanism for connecting agricultural implements and machines with the frame of an aggregated tractor includes a top axis 1, a lower axis 2, a power hydraulic cylinder 3 with a base 4 and a rod 5, an axis 6 of the base 4 of the hydraulic cylinder 3, a spaced apart in the transverse vertical plane rod 5 located on the upper axis 1. On the upper axis 1, a hollow shaft 8 with a left lifting lever 9 and a right lifting lever 10 is mounted. On the upper axis 1, a central upper link 11 is mounted. The hollow shaft 8 of the lifting levers 9 and 10 is mounted on the upper axis 1 and by means of a detachable finger kinematically connected with the lever 7 of the rod 5 of the hydraulic cylinder 3. The central upper rod 11 is equipped with a fork 13, a shock absorber 14 in the form of different-sized springs, an adjusting threaded sleeve 15, a head 16 and a finger 17. The upper axis 1 with the lower axis 2 is connected by left and right posts 18 and 19.

The left lower link 20 and the right lower link 21 are biased on the lower axis 2. The lower links 20 and 21 with the left lifting arm 9 and the right lifting arm 10 are connected by the left and right braces 22 and 23. Each brace 22 (23) has an earring , axle, upper screw, locknut, adjusting clutch, lower screw, frame, chain and fork. The forks of the braces 22 and 23 are connected by half-fingers with the lower longitudinal rods 20 and 21.

The mechanism is equipped with left and right restriction chains 24 and 25. Chains 24 and 25 have screw couplings 26 and 27. The rear ends of the left and right chains 24 and 25 are connected to the right and left lower rods 21 and 20. The front ends of the chains 24 and 25 are connected to yokes 28 and 29 located on the lower axis 2. The upper axis 1, lower axis 2 and axis 6 of the base 4 of the hydraulic cylinder 3 are mounted with the possibility of dismantling on the frame of the mounted tractor.

The power hydraulic cylinder with 3 high-pressure hoses is hydraulically connected to the hydraulic distributor of the reserve-aggregate hydraulic system of the aggregated tractor. The free ends of the central upper rod 11, the left and right lower longitudinal rods 20 and 21 are equipped with spherical joints 30, 31 and 32 for connection with the frames of mounted reclamation, special and haying tools and machines. Each lower longitudinal rod 20 (21) is equipped with a mechanism for changing the length of the rod, made in the form of telescopically placed parts of the rod, mutually connected by a hydraulic actuator 33.

Lever-articulated four-link linkage mechanism for connecting agricultural implements and machines with the frame of an aggregated tractor works as follows.

The tractor in reverse feeds to the frame of agricultural machines. Ball joints 30 and 31 are connected to the brackets of the implement frame. The finger 17 through the ball joint 31 and the central upper link 11 is connected to the correct axis 1 of the tractor linkage mechanism. Next, turn on the power hydraulic cylinder 3. When the rod 5 is extended, the lever 5 of the rod 5 through the detachable finger 12 rotates the left lifting lever 9, and with it on the upper axis 1 - the hollow shaft 8 with the right lifting lever 10.

The lifting levers 9 and 10 through the left and right braces 22 and 23, turning on the axis 1, raise the rods 20 and 21 together with the hinge 30 and 32. When the implement is in full transport position, the limiting chains 25 and 26 limit lateral displacements from the longitudinally vertical plane the symmetry of the unit and the mounted implement is within ± 2 cm.

When transporting a mounted implement, dynamic loads arise when moving through bumps, are transmitted to the tractor frame only through the shock absorber 14 in the upper link 11.

Kinematic studies of the articulated four-link hitch mechanism for connecting agricultural implements and machines with the frame of an aggregated tractor show that the mounted implement frame tilts to the horizon at an angle ε and the hinges 30 and 32 above the field level are h ₃ , and the rear part of the frame, for example, the PNI-8-35 eight-body plow above the field or road surface exceeds the height of the K-701M tractor cab and is 3.5 m. In the transport position, the plow frame should not exceed the height h ₁ . For this, the operator includes hydraulic actuators 33 of the lower rods 20 and 21.

When retracting the hydraulic actuator rods 33, the telescopic parts of the rods 20 and 21 together with the hinges 30 and 32 move in the direction of the axis 2.

When performing loading and unloading operations, the frame (bucket, arrows, columns) of mounted implements is given an angle η, achieving heights h _{1 of} hinges 30 and 32 above the surface of the site.

When cutting soil and soil, hydraulically give 33 planner knives a shear angle, i.e. one of the rods, for example 20, has a maximum length, and the lower rod 21 has a minimum. The total stroke of the rods in the hydraulic actuators 33 is S ₁ + S ₂ , and is equal to the stroke of the rods (see figure 4).

The described design of the lever-articulated four-link linkage mechanism of an agricultural tractor provides increased operational reliability, increases the service life of ball joints in traction and reduces dynamic loads on the chassis of the tractor, as well as expanding the functionality and the list of technological capabilities.

When the technical process is carried out by a mounted implement, for example, a plow for dump plowing, hydraulic actuators 33 in the left and right lower rods 22 and 21 absorb high-frequency shock loads and contribute to the stable movement of the plow bodies at a given depth.

Claims (1)

Four-link hinged linkage mechanism for connecting agricultural implements and machines with the frame of an aggregated tractor, including upper and lower axles spaced apart in the transverse vertical plane, interconnected by right and left struts, a power hydraulic cylinder with a base and a rod, the axis of the base of the power hydraulic cylinder, a lever rod located on the upper axis, a hollow shaft with left and right lifting levers mounted on the upper axis and kinematically connected with the rod lever of the power hydraulic cylinder, central upper link with a fork and a shock absorber in the form of a spring, an adjusting threaded sleeve, a head and a finger, left and right lower longitudinal rods with mechanisms for changing their length, connected by forks to the left and right braces, and by means of the central head with a lower axis with the possibility of displacement on it, the free ends of the lower longitudinal rods are equipped with ball joints, and the left and right restriction chains with clutches, characterized in that each said mechanism for changing the length of the longitudinal rod is made in the form of telescopically times displaced parts of the thrust, mutually connected by a hydraulic actuator with the possibility of retracting the hydraulic actuator rod in the direction of the lower axis in the transport position and with the possibility of hydraulically damping high-frequency shock loads in the process.

Images