RU2244656C2 - Method of ventilation of diving gear and device for realization of this method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: diving technology; diving gears; performing diving work.

SUBSTANCE: prior to descent, rigid helmet is put on soft helmet and is secured on its; then descent is performed with valve closed which is opened upon arriving at point of work. Device proposed for realization of this method includes wet suit with soft helmet and head safety valve, rigid helmet with hole for said valve; lower portion of this helmet has straps for securing with buckles of wet suit.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency and reliability.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of diving equipment, namely to diving equipment, and can be used in the Russian Navy and other organizations involved in diving operations. There is a method of ventilating diving equipment, which consists in the fact that the gas mixture is continuously fed into the hard helmet, where it is mixed with the exhaled products of the diver, and then etched into the water (S. Bulenkov, “Diver's Handbook”, M .: Military Publishing House, 1973 ., p.25-32).

A similar breathing principle was implemented in diving equipment with hard helmets: GKS-3M, VKS-57, 12-bolt ventilated and 3-bolt ventilated.

The disadvantage of this method and devices for its implementation is the significant weight and size characteristics and high consumption of air or gas mixture for breathing.

Closest to the proposed invention according to the achieved result is a method of ventilating diving equipment, which consists in supplying a gas mixture (air) through a hose or from the apparatus cylinders to the half mask of a hydro-overalls soft helmet and then etching it in water. The gas mixture is supplied periodically. The diver’s nose and mouth are isolated from the external gas environment of the hydro-overalls helmet (S. Bulenkov, “The diver’s guide”, M., Military Publishing House, 1973, pp. 33-38 - prototype).

A similar principle of breathing is carried out in diving equipment.

The disadvantage of this method is the presence of external resistance to breathing, which significantly affects the comfort of diving equipment and causes premature fatigue of the diver, especially when performing heavy work and moderate work. Long breathing with increased external resistance can sometimes cause irreversible pathological changes in the human respiratory organs.

The technical task of the invention is to allow breathing in light-diving equipment with a soft helmet in the mode of ventilated diving equipment.

This is achieved by the fact that in the proposed method of ventilating diving equipment, which consists in supplying a gas mixture (air) to the helmet's half mask and then etching it in water, according to the invention, a hard hat is put on, and the helmet is fixed on it, then it is fixed to the helmet, then a diver is lowered into the water with the head safety valve closed, and upon reaching the place of work, open this valve.

In the device for implementing the method, comprising a jumpsuit with a soft helmet and a head safety valve, according to the invention, there is additionally a hard helmet with a hole for the safety helmet of the soft helmet, in the lower part of which are straps, and buckles are fixed on the shoulders of the jumpsuit.

The result that is obtained by the implementation of the present invention is to increase the diver’s operating time to complete fatigability by increasing comfort.

Schematic diagram of the device shown in the drawing.

The device consists of a jumpsuit 1 with a soft helmet 2 containing a half mask 3 and a head safety valve 4. A hard hat 5 is placed on the helmet with a hole 6 under the safety valve 4. At the bottom of the helmet there are straps 7 that secure the helmet 5 to the helmet 2 with buckles 8 Buckles 8 are fixed on the shoulders of the jumpsuit 1.

Outside of the helmet 2, a pulmonary automaton 9 with a membrane 10., an etching valve 11, a lever 12, a valve 13 with a seat 14 is attached to the half mask 3. The valve 13 is pressed against the saddle by a spring 15. Air is supplied to the pulmonary machine via a hose 16 from the cylinders 17 of the breathing apparatus or along the diving hose 18 from the surface. The head safety valve 4 consists of a rubber etching valve 19 located under the seat 20, and a cover 21, on which a poppet valve 22 with a spring 23 is fixed.

The method of ventilation of diving equipment using the proposed device is as follows.

A hard hat 5 is put on a soft helmet 2 of the jumpsuit 1, which is attached with straps 7 to the buckles 8 on the shoulders of the jumpsuit 1, while the head safety valve 4 passes through the hole 6 in the helmet. On the surface of the half mask 3 of helmet 2, it fits snugly against the face of the diver.

The diver’s breathing is carried out as follows: when inhaling in the inner cavity of the half mask 3, a vacuum is created, the membrane 10 of the pulmonary automaton 9 bends towards the half mask and, acting on the lever 12 of the pulmonary automaton 9, opens the valve 13, thereby passing through the saddle 14 from the hose 16 necessary inhalation of the amount of gas mixture (air) from the diving hose 18 from the surface or from the cylinders of the apparatus 17. When the inhalation stops, the membrane 10 returns to its original position, and the gas mixture into the half mask is stopped. When exhaling, the gas mixture is etched through the etching valve exhale 11 into the water.

Before the descent, to obtain the necessary negative buoyancy, the diver must etch off excess air from the overalls (crimp). To do this, it is immersed in water so that the head safety valve 4 is hidden under the water. The diver opens its cover 21, the spring 23 with the valve plate 22 moves away from the seat 20. Excess air from the overalls begin to be freely etched into the water through the rubber etching valve 19. After etching the excess air from the overalls, the diver closes the cover 21 and the valve plate 22 is spring-loaded 23 to saddle 20.

When diving descents by known methods, the cover 21 of the safety valve 4 is always closed, and the valve plate 22 is pressed by a spring 23 to the seat 20, i.e. the safety valve 4 in this case operates in the safety valve mode. Moreover, the pressure in the half mask 13 and inside the helmet 2 corresponds to the value of the water column "h", i.e. the difference between the depths of the location of the etching valve and pulmonary machine.

To switch to breathing according to the mode of ventilated equipment, a diver located at a given depth opens the cover 21 of the etching valve. Due to the fact that the pressure inside the helmet 2 by "h" is greater than at the level of valve 4, the excess gas mixture through the rubber etching valve 19 begins to be etched into the water. And when the pressure drops in the helmet 2 (and, accordingly, in the half mask 3), when inhaling, the pulmonary automaton 9 automatically works, continuously feeding the gas mixture into the helmet. The helmet is continuously ventilated at a constant overpressure in the helmet equal to the water column "h". The helmet is filled with a gas mixture to a volume limited by the size of the hard hat 5, and its upward movement is prevented by this helmet and straps 7, fixing its position in relation to the shoulders of the jumpsuit. The half mask 3 slightly moves away from the face and the diver’s breathing is carried out from the ventilated volume of the helmet 2 without external resistance to breathing.

Thus, the proposed method of ventilation of diving equipment and a device for its implementation increase the comfort of the diver in the descent process. Experimental descents in light-diving equipment according to the proposed method showed that the time a diver was under water until he was completely fatigued, when performing the same type of work, it was almost three times more than in the previously adopted method.

Claims (2)

1. A method of ventilating diving equipment, which consists in feeding the gas mixture to the helmet's half mask and then etching it in water, characterized in that a hard hat is put on a hard hat before being lowered onto the soft helmet, it is fixed to the helmet, then the diver is lowered into the water with the helmet closed valve, and upon reaching the place of work, open this valve. 2. A device for implementing a method for ventilating diving equipment, comprising a jumpsuit with a soft helmet and a safety relief valve, characterized in that the device additionally has a hard hat with a hole for the safety helmet of the soft helmet, the straps are located at the bottom and buckles are fixed on the shoulders of the jumpsuit for them.