RU2243916C2 - Device for collecting and processing of toiler wastes in vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport.

SUBSTANCE: proposed device for collecting and processing of railway car toilet wastes contains waste intake 1 connected with accumulator 3 by outlet pipe 2, hard waste grinder 5, water supply system to flush out wastes from intake and transportation wastes to accumulator, compressed air reservoir and regulator to maintain constant water level in accumulator containing drain pipe with gate placed inside other pipe preventing discharge of hard wastes. Waste grinder 5 is installed pipe preventing discharge of hard wastes. Wastes grinder 5 is installed at accumulator outlet, being furnished with cover with sharp-point projections on inner side to which outlet of pipe connecting accumulator and grinder is pointed. Compressed air reservoir is connected to brake main line of train through calibrated hole and it communicates with accumulator.

EFFECT: improved reliability, facilitated servicing.

3 dwg

Description

The device relates to the rolling stock of railways, sea and river vessels, and in particular to the equipment of the toilets of vehicles.

A device for collecting waste in the toilets of passenger cars with the release of feces on the railway track ("Railways of the world", No. 5, 1994, p. 34).

The main disadvantage of the device is damage to the environment and ecology, as well as pollution of the lower zone of the body and chassis of the car.

Also known is a sewage system for a vehicle toilet containing a waste receiver in communication with a communication system with a storage tank without draining the waste onto the path (RF patent 2047520, 04/21/92). The disadvantage of the system is the large weight of the storage tanks and the impossibility of long trips without emptying the tanks at intermediate stations, the complexity of the design and the unreliability of the system.

The prototype is a device for the collection and treatment of waste in the toilets of passenger cars using chemical preservatives that prevent decomposition of waste ("Railways of the world", No. 5, 1994, p. 34).

The main disadvantage of the device is the use of chemical preservative liquids harmful to the environment and the inability to discharge waste into the sewer, as well as the presence of pungent odors when using the toilet.

The aim of the invention is to maintain a constant weight of the storage tanks in the process of using the toilet, regardless of the number of visits, grinding and ensuring the sanitary treatment of waste in the drive. This goal is achieved by the fact that the storage tanks are equipped with a device for draining excess water along the route, avoiding the discharge of solid waste, while the excess water automatically drained onto the path is pre-cleaned using an effective deodorizing and disinfecting agent - potassium permanganate solution. Tests conducted at one of the enterprises in Omsk for the treatment of fecal and industrial effluents showed the high efficiency of the new technology and its complete safety for people and the environment. This is due to the fact that potassium magenta is a strong oxidizing agent that neutralizes all harmful impurities and odors, as well as an effective air ozonizer. There is a positive conclusion from the sanitary and epidemiological surveillance authorities.

The invention is aimed at ensuring and maintaining a minimum constant weight of the drives and environmentally friendly waste treatment.

The technical result of the invention is the simplicity of design, reliability in operation and environmental friendliness. A device for collecting and processing waste in the toilets of vehicles includes a waste receiver in communication with a discharge pipe with a drive. Moreover, the outlet pipe is equipped with a shutter, and the waste accumulator is equipped with a device for draining excess water through the grid, as well as valves for supplying compressed air and communication with the atmosphere and the solid waste shredder when emptying the drive.

In addition, the device comprises a reservoir of compressed air fed from the train line through a calibration hole connected to the waste accumulator. The waste receiver, discharge pipe, drive and chopper must be made with corrosion protection. The waste receiver and the drive are constantly isolated from each other by a water lock due to the bend of the outlet pipe at the entrance to the drive, which eliminates the leakage of odors into the toilet room. The ventilation of the drive is carried out through a constantly open valve with the outlet of the pipe into the atmosphere outdoors.

Structurally, the drive is designed as a vessel operating under pressure. This is because emptying the drive and grinding solid waste is carried out under the pressure of compressed air with a pressure of up to 6 kg / cm ² . The supply of compressed air to empty the drive and grind solid waste is carried out by opening the valve from the tank, fed from the air line of the train. The presence of a water level controller in the device ensures the maintenance of a constant weight of the drives, regardless of the number of visits to the toilet. This is achieved by the fact that the top of the regulator drain pipe is placed inside another pipe, which prevents the discharge of solid waste located on the surface. Accidental discharge of solid waste during storage oscillations on the train is prevented by the mesh at the entrance to the inside of the outer pipe. This ensures that excess water is drained, preventing the discharge of solid waste, and the water level in the drive is automatically maintained at the top of the drain pipe.

The presence of a solid waste shredder at the outlet and a drive and the possibility of their pneumatic transportation using compressed air from the brake line of the train without compromising the operation of the brakes simplify the design of the device and ensure high reliability of its operation. This is due to the fact that the reservoir of compressed air for emptying the drive is filled through a calibrated hole from the train line within the allowable air leak, since the waste accumulator is emptied no more than once a day.

The presence of a cap with pointed protrusions at the outlet of the grinder provides final grinding and spraying of solid waste with a high-pressure jet of displaced liquid directed to the inner surface of the grinder cover. The use in the inventive device of a solution of potassium permanganate that is harmless to people and the environment for waste treatment with subsequent grinding allows emptying the drives along the route without damage to the railway.

The use of the invention in passenger and commuter trains, as well as in sea and river transport will provide a multiple reduction in the cost of refurbishing toilets compared to well-known foreign counterparts, reliable design and ease of maintenance.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the device, figure 2 is a section of figure 1 on aa, figure 3 is a section of figure 1 on bb.

The device comprises a waste receiver 1 (Fig. 1), connected by a discharge pipe 2 with a storage device 3, which is equipped with a water level controller 4 and a device 5 for grinding solid waste. The waste accumulator 3 and the grinder 5 are interconnected by a pipe 6, in addition, the accumulator 3 is equipped with a valve 7 for communicating with the atmosphere and a valve 8 for supplying compressed air. The waste shredder 5 (FIG. 2) is equipped with a lid 9 with pointed protrusions on the inside, and the outlet of the pipe 6 is directed to the surface of the lid 9. The water level controller 4 in the reservoir 3 contains a drain pipe 10 with a shutter 11, and the upper zone of the drain pipe 10 is placed inside another pipe 12, the entrance to which is closed by a net 13 from below. The waste receiver 1 (Fig. 3) is in communication with the storage device 3 by means of a pipe 2 with a shutter 14.

The device operates as follows. After each visit to the toilet, by pressing the pedal (not shown conditionally), water is supplied to flush waste from receiver 1 and the latter is transported to storage 3, which was previously filled with water with the addition of a deodorizing liquid - potassium permanganate solution.

The fill level of the drive 3 is controlled by the regulator 4 (figure 2) and is constantly maintained at the mark of the top of the drain pipe 10, and the spontaneous discharge of solid waste located in the upper zone of the drive 3 is prevented by the pipe body 12, which is closed from below by the mesh 13, while the open exit 6 inside the grinder 5 is placed above the mark of the top of the drain pipe 10 and serves only to discharge waste under pressure of compressed air. Emptying the drive 3 is carried out by the maintenance personnel of the train en route or on specially equipped station tracks to the sewer. To this end, the constantly open valves 11, 14 and the valve 7 are closed, and the valve 8 for supplying compressed air opens. Under the pressure of compressed air, the waste from the accumulator 3 through the pipe 6 is displaced into the grinder 5 in the direction of the lid 9, equipped with peaked protrusions, thereby achieving their final grinding and discharge without harming the environment. After emptying drive 3, valve 7 and valves 11,14 open, and valve 8 closes and drive 3 fills with water from a container located under the roof of the car (not shown conditionally) with the addition of potassium permanganate solution, and the compressed air tank is filled from the brake line of the train ( conditionally not shown).

Claims (1)

A device for collecting and processing waste in the toilets of vehicles, comprising a waste receiver in communication with a stacker, a solid waste shredder, a water supply system for washing waste from the receiver and transporting it to a stacker and a compressed air tank, characterized in that it is equipped with a constant the water level in the drive containing a drain pipe with a shutter placed inside another pipe that prevents the discharge of solid waste, and a waste grinder is installed at the outlet from the drive and is equipped with a cap with pointed protrusions on the inside, to which the outlet of the pipe communicating the drive and the grinder is directed, while the reservoir of compressed air is connected to the brake line of the train through a calibrated hole and communicated with the drive.

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