RU2243842C1 - Method for shaping sheet parts, multi-function bending and straightening machine tool for performing the method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: plastic working of metals, possibly bending and straightening sheet parts of different contours.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises steps of using polyhedral rotary jibs for shaping sheet parts in addition to lower driven roller shaping member; in order to move blank to new bending lines using crane jibs; in order to hold and to reliably move worked blank using self-rolling barrel-shaped supports arranged under blank. Machine tool for performing the method includes polyhedral rotary beams having on their faces different-configuration recesses. It is possible to use inserts mounted in recesses of beams. Deforming members may be in the form of quick-changeable rollers.

EFFECT: simplified design, enlarged manufacturing possibilities.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the processing of parts by pressure and can be used for bending and straightening sheet metal parts of various shapes.

Known and widespread for bending and straightening sheet presses and rotary roll machines (rollers) that implement the processes of elementwise forming by elastic-plastic bending using pressure elements in the form of punches of dies or long work rolls. These processes are characterized by great shaping efforts (up to 5000 tc) with a high level of stock, energy and metal consumption of processes, which is their significant drawback (Kuklin OS, Sitnikov AN Prospects for the development of shaping technology in the manufacture of ship hull parts and ships Abstracts of the report at the III international conference "Morintech-99", St. Petersburg, 1999).

The noted shortcomings of traditional bending processes and bending-and-right equipment are eliminated by the use of multifunctional-bending and leveling machines and machines made using the principles of rotational-local deformation (see, for example, RF patents No. 2102170 dated January 18, 1993; No. 2129929 dated August 6, 1997) . However, the closest (prototype) to the claimed solution is a method of forming bent sheet parts and a bending machine for its implementation (RF patent No. 2191082 for IPC B 21 D 11/00; 11/20; 3/02; 7/02, publ. . 20.10.2002, BI No. 29).

According to the prototype, the method of forming sheet metal parts by rotational-local deformation by roller forming elements in the form of an upper push and lower drive rollers involves moving the workpiece, as well as supporting and positioning it, for which positioners with thrust rollers are used, and positioning is performed on thrust rollers of positioners, and support and movement - with support rollers.

The bending and correcting machine for shaping bent sheet parts according to the prototype comprises a bed and upper and lower traverses placed on it, bearing respectively the upper and lower roller deforming elements, the upper of which is mounted on the actuator rod with the possibility of reciprocating movement in a vertical plane, the lower made with a rotation drive, and installed with the possibility of interaction between themselves and synchronous movement along the traverse, as well as positioners to maintain and position positioning parts. In this case, the bed is made C-shaped, each of the positioners is made in the form of a base with a pivoting frame and mounted on it with the possibility of reciprocating movement of the carriage, on which horizontally support rollers and vertically thrust rollers are mounted.

According to the known method and on a bending machine, for forming axisymmetric parts, at least three positioners are used that are installed uniformly around the circumference relative to the workpiece. To form parts from elongated blanks, positioners are installed with the ability to maintain the long sides of the blank. For editing and fine-tuning of bent sheet parts, the working surface of the lower roller deforming element is made with less curvature than the upper deforming element.

The disadvantages of these technical solutions of the prototype, requiring further improvement, are the complexity of the design of the machine and the multi-process technology for shaping and dressing small and medium-sized sheet parts. Therefore, the objective of the present invention is to simplify the technology of forming and equipment design, as well as reducing its metal consumption. The solution to this problem lies in the rejection of positioners, as well as support and thrust rollers to maintain the workpiece. The technical result of this solution lies in the possibility of shaping in a simpler way and, at the same time, in expanding the technological capabilities of the equipment.

This goal is achieved provided that the proposed method of forming and multifunctional bending machine have the following differences from the prototype (while taking into account the fact that according to the accepted classification of equipment of this type in the absence of positioners, it is more correct to call the device for implementing the proposed method a machine rather than a machine . See "Machine tools and bending machines multifunctional on the principles of rotational-local deformation. General technical requirements." RD5R.GKLI.3210-079-2002, St. Petersburg, Federal State Institution P "TSNIITS", 2002):

By the way:

- in the process of forming, in addition to the lower drive roller forming element, multifaceted rotary beams are used, on the faces of which there are recesses of various shapes, a plane or convexity, which alternately interact with the upper deforming roller, crane beams are used to move the workpiece when switching to new bending lines, and for maintenance and sustainable movement of the workpiece used self-rolling barrel-shaped supports installed under the workpiece;

By device:

- the multifunctional bending machine has multifaceted rotary beams installed on the side of the lower drive roller, on the faces of which there are recesses of various shapes, a plane or a bulge, made with the possibility of alternating interaction with the upper pressure roller, crane beams are installed along the axis of the upper deforming element on the carriage moved in the horizontal plane together with it, and to maintain the workpiece are installed self-rolling barrel-shaped supports placed under the blank.

In particular cases, the solution of the proposed device has the following differences from the prototype:

- the recesses in the faces of the rotary beam are made flat, into which interchangeable liners are inserted, interacting with the upper deforming roller;

- the upper and lower deforming elements are made in the form of quick-change rollers with different radii of transverse curvature, successively approaching the specified radius of curvature of the workpiece during its rotational-local deformation, taking into account the springing of the material.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that both the method and the device adopted as a prototype exclude the support and positioning of the workpiece at its ends by positioners with support and thrust rollers. Stable support and movement of the workpiece is provided by the use of self-rolling barrel-shaped supports installed under the workpiece. The supports move directly along the floor from the movement of the workpiece, which is communicated to it by the drive of the deforming rollers. In addition, the movement of the workpiece during the transition to new bending lines is carried out by crane beams installed on the carriage along the axis of movement of the upper deforming element and moved together with the latter during reciprocating movement of the carriage. Crane-beams with hoists provide movement of the workpiece in both longitudinal and transverse directions.

In addition, the solution proposes additional forming elements made in the form of a multifaceted rotary beam, on the faces of which there are recesses of various shapes, a plane or a bulge interacting with the upper deforming roller. The fillets between the working surfaces of the edges of the beams provide the elimination of crushing and marks on the surface of the workpieces. The spread of the faces of the deforming beams provides an extension of the technological capabilities of the process and equipment.

A particular case of the solution is the implementation of the upper and lower deforming rollers quick-change and with different radii of transverse curvature, which gradually approach the specified radius of curvature of the workpiece during its rotational-local deformation, taking into account the springing of the material.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in:

figure 1 is a General view of a multifunctional bending machine;

figure 2 is a cross section of a rotary deforming beam and a removable liner;

figure 3 is a side view of a multifunctional bending machine with crane beams and barrel-shaped supports to support the workpiece.

Multifunctional bending machine (figure 1) consists of a frame 1, including the upper 2 and lower 3 of the beam. On the upper traverse 2 there is a carriage 4 with a power drive 5, on the rod 6 of which there is a quick change upper deforming element (pressure roller) 7 with a radius of transverse curvature R _p . The upper deforming element 7 has the possibility of reciprocating movement in a vertical plane from the power drive 5 and together with the latter along the crosshead 2 on the carriage 4. The lower deforming element is made in the form of a drive roller 8 with a rotation drive 9, and on the side of it are placed with one or both sides of the deformable swivel beams 10, having (Fig.2) recesses of various shapes 11, a plane or convexity, which can be formed by the use of removable liners 12, interacting with the upper deforming 7. Between the working surfaces of the faces 11 of the pivot beam and on removable inserts, there are roundings of radii r _in the mating faces 13, selected taking into account the springing of the workpiece material, which is approximately 40% more with rotational-local deformation than with free bending due to different displacement the neutral axis of the cross section of the workpiece from the midline of its cross section (Report on research GKLI-3210-028-99, St. Petersburg. FSUE TsNIITS, 1999).

Maintaining the workpiece 14 in the process of shaping is carried out (figure 3) barrel-shaped supports 15 mounted under the workpiece. The transition from one bending line to another is made by crane beams 16 with hoists 17, which are installed along the axis of the upper deforming roller 7 on the carriage 4.

The method of forming sheet parts using a multifunctional bending machine is as follows: the sheet billet 14 is subjected to rotational-local deformation between the upper deforming pressure roller 7 and the lower deforming element in the form of a drive roller 8, while either rotational-local bending of the billet is performed if the lower roller 8 has a recess and there is no radial crimping of the workpiece along the roller, or rotational-local bending with compression, i.e. rolling out. With the position of the upper 7 and lower 8 deforming rollers shown in Fig. 1, shaping is performed along the workpiece along the longitudinal bending lines, when the upper deforming roller is rotated 90 °, shaping is carried out along transverse lines using a multifaceted rotary beam, on the faces of which there are various recesses, a plane or a bulge formed, for example, by a removable insert. By changing the deflection of the workpiece in the pressure zone or by changing the force during rolling, bending of double curvature is achieved.

When forming the workpiece between the upper deforming roller 7 and the deforming beams 10, the forming of the workpiece 14 is carried out along the bending lines across the workpiece. Moreover, if beams with a recess 11 are used, then, as a rule, a rotational-local bending is performed across the workpiece; if there is compression of the workpiece in the recess or beams with flat or convex inserts 12 are used, then the workpiece is rolled out along the transverse bending lines. The transition from one longitudinal bending line to another is carried out by stepwise moving the workpiece with crane beams 16 in the direction along the workpiece, moving the carriage 4 and the crane beams 16 installed on it; the transition from one transverse bending line to another is carried out by moving the workpiece to the step with a hoist 17 of the crane beam 16. The transition from one bending line to another is carried out with the upper deforming roller raised 15-30 mm above the surface of the workpiece. Maintenance of the workpiece from sagging is carried out by barrel-shaped supports 15 that are self-moving along the workshop floor, manually installed 1-3 pieces under the workpiece on each side of the machine, depending on the size of the workpiece.

The proposed method and multifunctional bending machine for its implementation perform mini-force stamp-free bending and dressing by methods of rotational-local deformation.

The proposed solutions allow:

- reduce the capital, material and energy intensity of processes by 6-15 times;

- simplify the design and at the same time expand the technological capabilities of the equipment used.

Specific solutions for the method of forming sheet metal parts were tested on prototypes of multifunctional straightening machines MGPS-25 and MGS-30K at shipyards in St. Petersburg and Riga. In this case, the dimensions of the workpieces were in the range of 3-16 × 1000-2000 × 1000-6000 mm.

Claims (4)

1. The method of forming sheet metal parts by rotational-local deformation by roller deforming elements in the form of an upper push and lower drive rollers, comprising supporting and moving the workpiece, characterized in that polyhedral turning beams are used for deformation, on the faces of which there are recesses of various shapes, a plane or a bulge interacting with the upper roller, crane beams are used to move the workpiece during the transition to new bending lines, and to maintain it steadily displacement of the workpiece is used samokatyaschiesya barrel bearing mounted below the preform. 2. A multifunctional bending machine for shaping sheet metal parts, comprising a bed and upper and lower roller deforming elements placed on it, the upper of which is mounted on the rod of the power drive with the possibility of reciprocating movement in vertical and horizontal planes, and the lower one is made with a drive rotation, characterized in that on the side of the lower roller are installed with the possibility of alternating interaction with the upper deforming element multifaceted rotary balk and, on the faces of which grooves of various shapes are made, a plane or convexity, crane beams are installed along the axis of movement of the upper deforming element, which are moved in the horizontal plane together with it, and self-rolling barrel-shaped supports are installed to support the workpiece. 3. The multifunctional bending machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the edges of the rotary beam are made with flat recesses, into which interchangeable inserts are inserted, interacting with the upper deforming roller. 4. The multifunctional bending machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the upper and lower deforming elements are made in the form of quick-change rollers with different radii of transverse curvature, successively approaching a given radius of curvature of the workpiece during its rotational-local deformation, taking into account the springing.

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