RU2239076C1 - Crank-and-piston internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to four-stroke internal combustion engines of stationary and mobile power plants. Proposed engine has at least one cylinder with intake and exhaust valves and piston connected with crank of crankshaft by connecting rod. Sectional eccentric disk with hole displaced relative to its center is arranged in hole of connecting rod big end. Said hole encloses crank of crankshaft. Disk is installed for rotation relative to crank of crankshaft and connecting rod big end. Disk division plane is arranged in horizontal or vertical section plane passing through center of its hole. Additional crescent-shaped hole is made symmetrically relative to disk hole to reduce weight of disk.

EFFECT: improved efficiency of four-stroke engine.

3 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of engineering, in particular to four-stroke internal combustion engines of both stationary and mobile power plants.

The four-stroke internal combustion engine (ICE) is widely known, in which the fuel burns directly in the cylinder. As a result of combustion, gaseous products are formed having high pressure and temperature. The pressure of these gaseous products of combustion acts on the piston located in the cylinder and causes it to move in a rectilinear motion, which is converted into rotational motion of the engine crankshaft by means of a crank mechanism (see Polytechnical Dictionary, third edition. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1989 , p. 141-142).

This engine has a fairly low rate of processes, due to the fact that the linear speed at the center of the shaft is low. Obviously, in order to complete a full cycle in a four-stroke engine, you have to make two turns, i.e. 720 ° crankshaft rotation, and this in turn reduces the aggregate power of the engine.

ICE is also known, in which the fuel also burns directly in the cylinder. As a result of combustion, gaseous products are formed having high pressure and temperature. The pressure of these gaseous products of combustion acts on the piston located in the cylinder, but the linear motion of the piston is converted into rotational motion of the engine shaft using the inside of the wheel rim (see UK patent No. 474674, IPC F 01 B 1/06, 11/01/1937).

This made it possible to remove the point of application of force from the center of the shaft by a considerable distance and thereby increase the linear speed of the mechanism that controls the processes, thus producing several complete cycles with each working cylinder in one revolution of the shaft, which ultimately increased the engine efficiency slightly, but significantly complicated the design . However, for this ICE, the working cycle in the process proceeds slowly, so most of the internal energy of the working fluid turns into heat and passes into the coolant, and it is known that the ratio of heat converted into useful work to heat that could be released during fuel combustion in the engine, called the effective coefficient of performance (COP), which is an important characteristic of the engine.

The closest in design analogue to the claimed engine is the device described in UK patent No. 348163, IPC F 16 H 31/32, 05/07/1931) containing a cylinder with a piston that transmits torque to the shaft via a crank mechanism in the lower hole the connecting rod head of which an eccentric disk with a hole offset from its center, covering the crankshaft crank and connected by means of a pin to the body of the lower connecting rod head, is installed in two parts.

However, this engine also does not allow for high effective efficiency during operation, since the connection of the eccentric disk to the connecting rod head does not reduce the speed of the piston during the intake stroke relative to the stroke rate of the stroke, which does not provide a high degree of fuel combustion.

The objective of the invention is to increase the effective efficiency of a four-stroke internal combustion engine while reducing noise during its operation.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the crank-piston internal combustion engine contains at least one cylinder equipped with inlet and outlet valves and a piston placed inside it, connected by means of a connecting rod having a lower head with a crank of the crankshaft, with this in the hole of the lower head of the connecting rod is placed a two-part eccentric disk with a hole offset relative to its center, covering the crank of the crankshaft, and the disk is installed with possible rotation axis relative to the crank of the crankshaft and lower connecting rod head, the plane of the disk connector is located in the horizontal or vertical plane of the section passing through the center of its hole, and the diameter of the disk is calculated using the equation: D = 2L + d + S-Sn, where D is the diameter disk d is the diameter of the crank of the crankshaft; L is the smallest distance from the outer diameter of the disk to the edge of its hole; S - full piston stroke at the stroke of the stroke; Sn - short piston stroke at intake stroke. The distance L, depending on the engine power, is chosen equal to from 3 to 4 mm, all other equality values indicated above should also be measured in millimeters. An additional crescent hole can be made symmetrically to its hole in the disk to facilitate the disk and reduce inertial force.

The invention is illustrated in graphic material, in which Fig. 1 shows a general view of the internal combustion engine, in Fig. 2, an eccentric disk around the crankshaft crank is shown elementwise, Figs. 3 and 4 show the intermediate positions of the engine during the intake stroke, Fig. 5 - at the moment the end of the intake stroke and the beginning of the compression stroke, in Fig.6 - the intermediate position during the compression stroke, in Fig.7 - at the end of the compression stroke and the start of the stroke, the stroke, in Fig.8 - the intermediate position during the stroke of the stroke, Fig.9 - at the time of completion of the clock working ho , And 10 - during the exhaust stroke.

The engine contains a crank 1 of the crankshaft, cylinder 2, head 3 of cylinder 2 with an intake valve 4 and exhaust valve 5, a piston 6, a connecting rod 7, a lower head 8 of a connecting rod 7, a detachable eccentric disk 9, made in the form of a sleeve, with a hole offset from the center moreover, in the body of the disk 9, an additional crescent hole can be made symmetrically to its hole. The crank 1 of the crankshaft is placed in the hole of the disk 9 with the possibility of free rotation, and the disk 9 is located in the hole of the lower head 8 of the connecting rod 7 also with the possibility of rotation. The disk 9 is made of two parts, and the plane of their connector is placed in a horizontal or vertical plane, and the connection and fixation of the parts relative to each other is carried out, for example, by means of a pin connection.

The drawings also indicate the dimensions: D - diameter of the disk 9; d is the diameter of the crank 1 of the crankshaft; L is the smallest distance from the outer diameter of the disk 9 to the edge of its hole; S - full piston stroke 6 at the stroke of the stroke; Sn - short stroke of the piston 6 at the intake stroke; Vn is the working volume of cylinder 2 at the intake stroke; Vc is the volume of cylinder 2 at the end of the compression stroke, which is the volume of the combustion chamber; Ve is the volume of cylinder 2 at the end of the stroke; the stroke, which is the effective volume; About - an axis of a cranked shaft.

O-rings, cooling ducts, bearings, bolts, pins, etc. elements, due to their wide popularity and not directly related to the essence of the invention, do not have remote positions.

The diameter of the disk 9 is calculated depending on the parameters of the engine for which equality is used: D = 2L + d + S-Sn, where D is the diameter of the disk; d is the diameter of the crank of the crankshaft; L is the smallest distance from the outer diameter of the disk to the edge of its hole; S - full piston stroke at the stroke of the stroke; Sn - short piston stroke at intake stroke. The distance L, depending on the engine power, is chosen to be made equal to from 3 to 4 mm, all other equality values indicated above are also measured in millimeters.

The work of the proposed four-stroke ICE is as follows.

The ICE crank mechanism is untwisted using a starter (not shown), with the piston 6 in the initial dead center (TDC) in the initial position, the crank 1 at the least distance from cylinder 2, and the disk 9 in the position at which its center holes located in its upper part.

The first intake stroke is as follows. The crankshaft rotates around its axis “O” and through the crank 1 rotates the disk 9 inside the hole of the lower head of the connecting rod 7 by 180 °, moving the latter, and with it the piston 6 down to a distance Sn (Figs. 3, 4, 5). A volume Vn is formed in the cylinder 2, which due to the discharge is filled with a combustible mixture through the open intake valve 4. Vn can be called the working volume of the cylinder 2.

In the second cycle, the compression of the intake valve 4 is closed and the crankshaft, turning around the axis “O”, rotates the disk 9 inside the bore of the head 8 of the connecting rod 7 by 180 ° and at the same time moves it together with the piston 6 to its original position (TDC), forming the combustion chamber Vc of cylinder 2 (FIGS. 5, 6, 7), in which the mixture is compressed, and the compression ratio (ε) is determined by the ratio Vc + Vn / Vc (ε = Vc + Vn / Vc).

In the third cycle, the working stroke, beginning at the end of the compression cycle, the combustible mixture ignites and quickly burns, as a result of which the temperature of the gases, and therefore the pressure in the combustion chamber Vc, increase. The gas pressure is transmitted to the piston 6 and then through the connecting rod 7 to the disk 9. In this case, the disk 9 remains in its original position and presses on the crank 1, through which the crankshaft rotates 180 ° (Figs. 7, 8, 9). Since in this case, the disk 9 does not rotate in the hole of the head 8 of the connecting rod 7, the piston 6 moves in the cylinder 2 by a distance S, which is not less than two times the distance Sn. The volume of cylinder 2, formed at the end of this measure, can be called the effective volume Ve, and the ratio of this volume to the working volume (Ve / Vn) - the degree of efficiency (Ve / Vn = S / Sn). This value is selected depending on the purpose of the engine.

In the last fourth cycle, the crankshaft, turning around its axis “O”, moves the disk 9 through the crank 1, and with it through the connecting rod 7 the piston 6 to its original position (TDC), and the exhaust gases are displaced by the latter through an open exhaust valve 5 into the atmosphere (Fig. 10, 3).

At the end of the stroke, the working stroke of the pressure in the cylinder 2 is reduced in comparison with the known ICEs, as a result of which a lot of effort is not required to open the exhaust valve 5, so the load on the camshaft is reduced. In addition, the noise level at the exhaust gas outlet becomes several times lower, which means that you can use a less powerful muffler or not install it at all, which will lead to an increase in engine power.

Thus, the detachable eccentric disk 9 is inherently a reducer, which allows to reduce the speed of the piston 6 during the intake stroke relative to the stroke speed of the stroke, which contributes to a more complete combustion of fuel in the cylinder and increase the effective engine efficiency.

Claims (3)

1. Crank-piston internal combustion engine containing at least one cylinder, equipped with inlet and outlet valves and a piston placed inside it, connected by a connecting rod having a lower head, with a crank of the crankshaft, while in the hole of the lower head of the connecting rod is placed a two-part eccentric disk with a hole offset relative to its center covering the crankshaft crank, the disk being mounted rotatably relative to the crankshaft crank and izhney connecting rod, disc parting plane located in a horizontal or vertical plane of section passing through the center of its opening, and the disc diameter is calculated using equation D = 2L + d + S-Sn, where D is the diameter of the disk; d is the diameter of the crank of the crankshaft; L is the smallest distance from the outer diameter of the disk to the edge of its hole; S - full piston stroke at the stroke of the stroke; Sn - short piston stroke at intake stroke. 2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance L is made equal to from 3 to 4 mm 3. The engine according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that an additional crescent hole is made symmetrically to the hole in the disk to facilitate the disk.

Images