RU2238032C1 - Device for detecting biological agents and chemical substances - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device has power supply source, active electrode and reference electrode, unit for analyzing current under measurement, control unit, database having cells for saving data, each associated with spectral characteristic of electromagnetic radiation of some biological agent or chemical substance, and commutator for making connection to cells. The power supply source produces direct or alternating current in circuit. The unit for analyzing current under measurement and the control unit are enclosed within a single integrated unit. The integrated unit is connected to the active electrode, power supply source and database commutator. The reference electrode is connected to the power supply source. Commutator output for connecting to the cells is connected to the reference electrode. The integrated unit is designed as programmed microcontroller or programmed microprocessor or programmed logical integral circuit.

EFFECT: accelerated continuous analysis method; wide range of functional applications.

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Description

The invention relates to medical and veterinary diagnostic equipment and can be used for non-invasive rapid determination of the presence in the studied object, mainly in the human or animal body, of any biological agent (virus, bacteria, etc.), or a chemical substance, for example drug or alcohol.

A device for non-invasive express diagnostics is known, containing a power source, a measuring unit and electrodes with a connector for connecting test elements made in the form of microresonant circuits (ed. St. SU No. 1600696, 1990). In the known device, the power source is made with a current stabilizer, and the measuring unit is in the form of a conductivity meter connected to the signal outputs of the stabilizer.

A disadvantage of the known device is the significant duration of the diagnostic process, which is associated with the need to determine the optimal acupuncture points at the studied object, and low diagnostic accuracy due to the influence of external fields on the acupuncture points.

A device for non-invasive express diagnostics is also known, containing electrodes, a source, a meter and a control unit connected to the input of the electronic switch unit connected to the database (SU patent No. 1787016, 1993). In this device, the database is a set of microresonance circuits, each of which is made in the form of a low-melting substance corresponding to a specific medication. During operation of the device, various microresonant loops are connected to the patient's acupuncture points.

A disadvantage of the known device is the low speed of the non-invasive diagnostic process, since before the measurements it is necessary to determine the location of the acupuncture points on the studied object, and auxiliary blocks are used. In addition, the known device has a low diagnostic accuracy due to the use of a microresonant circuit. Therefore, a significant range of various viruses, bacteria and other biological agents cannot be diagnosed using a known device.

Closest to the claimed is a device for non-invasive express diagnostics, containing a database with a switch, consisting of cells with a polariton structure corresponding to the spectral characteristic of the electromagnetic radiation of a specific chemical substance or microorganism, and with the ability to connect to a circuit containing a series-connected first electrode, block analysis of the measured current, made with the possibility of temporary storage of information, a power source and a second electrode, as well as control (information processing) lock, which is connected to the measured current analysis unit and to the database switch (patent RU No. 2190349, 2002).

The power source of the device passes the reference voltage only in the form of direct current, which after several minutes of operation leads to the polarization of the skin areas that the electrodes touch. In this case, it is necessary to interrupt the analysis and change the contact areas of the electrodes.

The present invention allows for continuity of analysis, compactness and speed of the device while expanding its functionality.

The device for detecting microorganisms and chemicals according to the invention includes a power source, active and reference electrodes, a unit for analyzing the measured current, a control unit and a database of cells for recording information, each of which corresponds to the spectral characteristic of electromagnetic radiation of a particular chemical substance or biological agent (microorganism ) The device also contains a cell connection switch. The power source is configured to form an alternating or direct current in a circuit. The measured current analysis unit and the control unit are a single unit that is connected to an active electrode, a power source, and to a database switch. The reference electrode is connected to the power source, and the output of the cell connection switch is connected to the reference electrode.

The database of cells for recording and the switch connecting cells can also be integrated into a single unit of analysis and control. In this case, a single unit can be made in the form of a programmed microcontroller, or a programmable microprocessor, or a programmable logic integrated circuit that combine the functions of measuring current analysis, control, a database of cells for recording information, and a cell connection switch.

The drawing shows a block diagram of the claimed device, which contains electrodes, a single unit for analyzing the measured current parameter and control, a database consisting of recording cells, each of which corresponds to the spectral characteristic of electromagnetic radiation of a certain type of biological agent or chemical substance, equipped with a switch ( not specified) and power source. The electrodes are in contact with the test object. When electromagnetic radiation of low power (electric current) is applied to an object, a wave packet of spectral composition is excited in it, which corresponds to the specific spectral characteristics of all objects (A.A. Akayev, S.A. Mayorov Optical methods of information processing. - M.: Higher school. 1988). In this case, the current in the circuit repeats the characteristics of the spectral characteristics of the object. If the power source generates a direct current in the circuit, one of the electrodes serves as an active (measuring) electrode, and the second serves as a reference electrode. When working on alternating current, each of the electrodes performs these functions alternately in accordance with the instantaneous direction of current. The device is connected in series with the first electrode, a single analysis and control unit and a second electrode, which form a current loop together with the object under study. The database is connected via a switch to a current loop (preferably directly to a single unit). The power source is also connected to the circuit through a single unit. The addition of two spectral characteristics from the source and the recording cell gives a beating as a result of interference of two signals that are similar in shape, which causes an increase in the current in the circuit.

The power source is preferably performed in the form of a source of adjustable reference voltage, which allows you to set the value of direct or alternating current passed through the studied object, from the condition of providing the best information response. A single analysis and control unit is configured to temporarily store information about the measured parameters and to process information. To connect a specific cell from the database to the current loop, a high-speed electronic switch (not shown) is used.

Each cell for recording is formed by pre-registering the corresponding spectral characteristics of electromagnetic radiation of a certain type of chemical substance or biological agent and subsequent certain technological processing of the elements making up the cell. The recording cell contains at least two elements, one of which is an insulator, and the other is a conductor. Such structures, having different types of conductivities and different parameters of the crystal lattice, have a strained layer with an increased electric potential at the interface that creates a barrier of a certain shape (Thorik G.T., Khazan A.I. Stresses in heterostructures. - Kiev: University, 1972 ) In this layer, there is a high probability of the appearance of a phonon wave when a current is passed through the cell (X. House Waves and Fields in Optoelectronics. - M .: Mir 1988). The cell can be multi-layered, which increases the accuracy of information by reducing noise. The conductor in the cell can be silver or aluminum. The recording cell may be made of aluminum fixed on the basis of silicon monoxide.

The recording cells serve as original probes in the device, with the help of which the presence of a certain chemical substance or biological agent is detected in the studied object, for example, in the human or animal organism. The cells for recording have a low inertia, which increases the speed of the device.

The device operates as follows. The electrodes are placed on the object under study at arbitrary points. A voltage is supplied from the reference voltage source to the electrodes, and an alternating or direct current of 2-15 μA, selected from the condition of providing the best information response, is passed through the object under study. After that, the current passes through the cell of the database, changing the shape of the potential barrier at the interface between the layers, which gives information about the characteristics of the electric field created by the object. It is known that such information can be recorded and processed (Image Processing and Digital Filtering. Edited by H. Kuang. - M .: Mir 1979).

A single unit after analyzing the input signal generates a control command to the electronic database switch, which connects a recording cell corresponding to a certain type of biological agent or chemical substance to the current loop, the presence of which must be determined in the studied object. A response arrives from the database cell in the current loop, the form of which repeats the nature of the spectral characteristics of the connected cell. If there is a biological agent or chemical substance in the test object corresponding to the connected cell, the dynamic characteristic as a result of signal interference will increase the current, the value of which is digitized and processed according to the algorithm of the unit. Based on the correspondence between the parameters of the dynamic characteristics of the structure of the connected cell and the change in the measured current, the presence of a chemical substance or biological agent corresponding to the connected cell in the object under investigation is diagnosed.

The claimed device has a high speed non-invasive express diagnostics. Its most effective application in the diagnosis of diseases in emergency surgery and intensive care, as well as in the examination of large contingents of people or animals with minimal cost and time.

Claims (2)

1. A device for detecting biological agents and chemicals, including a power source configured to form an alternating or direct current in a circuit, an active electrode and a reference electrode, a unit for analyzing the measured current, a control unit, a database of cells for recording information, each which corresponds to the spectral characteristic of electromagnetic radiation of a certain chemical substance or biological agent, and a cell connection switch, characterized in that the analysis unit is measuring The current and control unit are a single unit, which also has a built-in database of cells for recording information and a cell connection switch, while a single unit is connected to the active electrode, a power source and a database switch, the reference electrode is connected to a power source, and the output of the cell connection switch is connected to the reference electrode. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the single unit is a programmable microcontroller, or a programmable microprocessor, or programmable logic integrated circuit, configured to perform the functions of the analysis of the measured current, control, a database of cells for recording information and a connection switch cells.