RU2235874C1 - Method for measuring pressure with calibration control during operation of perforating-explosive devices and autonomous pressure register for realization of said method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil extractive industry.

SUBSTANCE: method includes mounting autonomous pressure register on geophysical cable at a distance safe from zone of high-temperature treatment, which is determined for each type of perforating-explosive devices by means of calculation with consideration of fuel mass and charge of explosive substance in it. For operative calibration of pressure sensor, stopping of autonomous pressure register is performed for recording hydrostatic pressure in preplanned points during lowering as well as during raising of autonomous pressure register after operation of perforating-explosive devices. After handling of recorded information by means of system software, values of hydrostatic pressure are compared in points of stopping to calculated values and conclusion about reliability of operation of autonomous pressure register is formed as well as about precision of information recorded during operation of perforating-explosive devices. Construction of autonomous pressure register allows quick and reliable mounting of register on geophysical cable at any given distance from a perforating-explosive device.

EFFECT: higher reliability and precision of registration of quick process of operation of perforating-explosive devices of different types, speeds of which may be a lot different, and of registration of pressure change connected to it in the well with operative control of calibration of pressure sensor under well conditions.

3 cl, 3 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the oil industry and can be used to record pressure in a well during perforating and blasting operations, in particular when exposed to a reservoir by various pressure generators in order to intensify inflows in oil and gas producing wells, and also to record the fact and completeness of the operation of cumulative perforators used for reservoir breakdown.

Registration of changes in pressure in the borehole over time allows you to obtain important information about the fact of the operation of a perforating explosive device (PVA), about the time of exposure to the reservoir, about fracturing during work to stimulate the inflows, to provide reliable control over the operation of the PVA and make an operative decision on conducting further operations. The effectiveness of perforating and blasting operations in oil and gas wells can be significantly improved with constant monitoring of the parameters of the processes occurring in the well, in particular pressure, as well as improving the safety of work.

A known method of gas-hydraulic stimulation of the formation [1], in which during fast-burning combustion processes, record the characteristics of the charge mode using an electronic unit that is electrically connected to the wireline cable and is triggered by the supply of electric current through the cable simultaneously with the ignition unit.

The disadvantage of this method is the inability to use it with various types of PVA. When intensifying inflows using pressure generators, liquid fuels and oxidizing compounds, or when cumulative perforators are used to open the formation, it is necessary to place the electronic unit at different distances from the apparatus, which differ by an order of magnitude due to possible high-temperature exposure. The burning times of charges in various devices also differ significantly, and for detailed registration of a fast-flowing process, it is necessary to provide different recording speeds, which differ by several orders of magnitude and are determined by the rates of thermochemical decomposition of various fuels and explosives. This method does not have this feature. In addition, when the PVA is triggered, the electronic unit is subjected to shock loads, therefore, additional operational control of its operability in borehole conditions after each operation is necessary, which is also not provided by this method.

The method [1] is not intended to measure pressure in the well when triggered by various types of airborne ammunition during operational monitoring of the operation of the electronic unit in downhole conditions and, according to the authors, the present invention has no analogue.

The objective of the present invention related to the method is to ensure reliability and accuracy of registration of the fast-moving process of changing the pressure in the well when triggered perforated explosive devices of various types with operational monitoring of the calibration of the pressure sensor in the borehole conditions.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the proposed method includes programming the operating modes of the autonomous pressure recorder for various speeds of recording information in electronic memory for recording the operation of the air-pressure transmitter at the pressure threshold or at a specified time, installing on the same geophysical cable an autonomous pressure recorder and air-conditioning device, the distance between them choose by calculation, depending on the type of PVA and the mass of fuel or the explosive charge in it, descent into the well on a geophysical cable in Al impact of an autonomous pressure recorder and PVA, signaling the operation of the PVA, raising and extracting the autonomous pressure recorder from the well and processing the recorded information on a computer using system software, while for the on-line calibration of the pressure sensor, stop at the planned points during descent and rise to record hydrostatic pressure, and after processing the recorded information on a computer, the recorded values of hydrostatic pressure are compared between th and the calculated values of the hydrostatic pressure at the stopping point.

At a recording speed of a fast-flowing process of 500-1000 measurements per second, the operation of pressure generators of various types can be recorded with high quality, and at a recording speed of 10,000 measurements per second or more, the fact and completeness of operation of cumulative perforators or apparatuses with two modules - perforator and gas-generating can be recorded. This follows from the fact that the process of burning solid fuel charges in a well occurs in fractions of a second, and the detonation of cumulative charges in tens of microseconds.

When PVA is triggered, a region is created in the well that is occupied by fuel combustion products, where the maximum temperature reaches 1500-3000 ° C (the combustion temperature of various fuel compositions). The upper boundary of this high-temperature region moves up the well by several tens and hundreds of meters. The lower boundary of the gas region remains stationary or moves down several meters (and when liquid fuels and oxidants are used, it moves to the bottom) depending on the mass of the burned fuel and the location of the PVA installation in the well. The temperature in this area gradually decreases in time from maximum to several tens of degrees in 1-2 hours.

If you install an autonomous pressure recorder in the immediate vicinity of the PVA, there is a danger of high-temperature (more than 200 ° C) exposure to combustion products and the failure of the autonomous pressure recorder, and at a large distance from it, the recorded pressure can significantly differ from the pressure in the processing interval. In this regard, it is advisable to install an autonomous pressure recorder at the minimum possible safe distance from a perforated explosive device. This distance is determined for each operation by calculation according to the results of mathematical modeling, depending on the mass of fuel or explosive charges. For example, for pressure generators, which use solid fuel, this distance is in the range of 30-100 m, when using such generators in an environment of liquid fuel-oxidizing compositions of 100-150 m, and for cumulative perforators - no more than 30 m.

When perforating explosive devices are triggered, large shock overloads occur in the well - about 2000 (with a maximum pressure of 100 MPa and a recorder diameter of 50 mm), which can damage the electronic unit and disable the autonomous pressure recorder. The performance test of such measuring systems and re-calibration is carried out only in stationary laboratory conditions. Therefore, operational calibration control is required immediately after each operation to determine the reliability of the recorded information. For this, according to the proposed method, when the autonomous pressure recorder is lowered into the well and raised after PVA is triggered, it is stopped, for example, for 20-40 seconds, at the planned points to obtain a pressure "shelf". Planned points can be evenly distributed throughout the well. The measured hydrostatic pressures at the stopping points after the treatment are compared with each other and with the calculated values and make a conclusion about the recorder's operability and the accuracy of all recorded information during the implementation of the technological process in the well.

The proposed method allows to eliminate undesirable high-temperature effects on the stand-alone pressure recorder during the operation of the PVA and to carry out operational control of the calibration of the pressure sensor.

The known device [2] contains an autonomous electronic unit that is not electrically connected to the cable, including autonomous power and an autonomous storage device enclosed in a container that is mounted in the immediate vicinity of the perforated explosive device.

The disadvantage of this device is its location in the immediate vicinity of the apparatus, so the device will be exposed to high-temperature effects of combustion products when used in operations to intensify the inflows using solid fuel pressure generators. Another disadvantage is the impossibility of operational monitoring of the health of the electronic unit after each operation in downhole conditions.

Closest to the proposed invention, which relates to a device for an autonomous pressure recorder, is a pressure-resistant module for studying the thermogasdynamic characteristics of a well during perforating and blasting operations [3], which contains an impact-resistant casing, pressure, temperature sensors, and an electronic unit including flash memory and a timer for controlling operation modes, including the pressure recording mode during the fast-flowing process of burning charges, connect the computer connector Yelnia cable and battery.

This source indicates the possibility of launching an autonomous pressure recorder into the well on a cable, scraper wire and pipes, and it is structurally made in the form of an adapter between a cable lug and a perforator. Such a design does not allow fixing the autonomous pressure recorder at the various distances indicated above from the PVA.

The aim of the invention, related to the device of an autonomous pressure recorder for implementing the above method, is a reliable and quick fixation of an autonomous pressure recorder on the cable at any predetermined distance from the perforating-explosive apparatus during tripping operations.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in an autonomous pressure recorder containing pressure sensors, temperature sensors and an electronic unit located in a shockproof casing, including a flash memory and a timer for controlling operating modes, a connector for connecting to a computer with a connecting cable and a battery, the shockproof casing is made with internal threads at both ends under two metal plugs that have external threads and o-rings to seal the casing; a chassis is placed inside the shockproof casing on the cat An electronic unit is fixed in the rum, and one end of the chassis is rigidly connected to one of the plugs having a hydraulic connection with the well, each plug having a diameter equal to the casing and a longitudinal cut-out with a groove for the cable and the hole for the fasteners, and the autonomous pressure recorder is fixed on cable clamping patch elements inserted into the longitudinal cutouts of the plugs and having symmetrical holes with threads for fasteners and grooves for the cable passing along the outer side surface of the casing .

Distinctive features of the proposed autonomous pressure recorder from the above-mentioned known device are the mounting of the electronic unit on the chassis, one end of which is rigidly connected to one of the plugs having a hydraulic communication channel with the well, sealing the shockproof casing with two metal plugs placed inside the chassis using a threaded connection and sealing rubber rings, as well as the possibility of fixing an autonomous pressure recorder to the cable using clamping bills elements inserted into the longitudinal recesses and having stoppers symmetrically with them the threaded hole for the fixing elements and grooves for logging cable extending along the lateral surface of the casing.

The proposed design of an autonomous pressure recorder allows you to quickly and reliably fix it on the cable at any given distance from the PVA, without violating the technological regime during the hoisting operations.

Figure 1 shows an autonomous pressure recorder mounted on a geophysical cable, figure 2 - chassis with a plug, figure 3 - clamping patch element.

The self-contained pressure recorder comprises a shock-resistant cylindrical casing 1, a chassis 6 with a plug 2 placed in it, a plug 3 and clamping overhead elements 4 for fixing the recorder on a geophysical cable 5 passing along the outer side surface of the casing. Both caps are connected to the casing by means of a threaded connection and are provided with rubber rings 11 for sealing the casing.

The trough-shaped chassis 6 is rigidly connected to the plug 2 having a hydraulic channel 10 for communication with the well. The chassis is equipped with power batteries 7, an electronic unit 8, pressure and temperature sensors 9.

Each of the plugs 2 and 3 has a longitudinal cutout with a groove 12 for the cable and a hole 13 for fasteners (bolts). The clamping overhead elements 4 have, symmetrically with plugs, holes 14 with threads for fasteners (bolts) and grooves 15 for the cable.

Example. It is required to measure the pressure in the well during processing of the reservoir in the interval 2900 - 2905 m with a perforation density of 24 holes / m with a PGD.BK-100M generator in a well 3000 m deep.

1. Program an autonomous pressure recorder with the following operating modes:

- the delay in turning on the autonomous pressure recorder in the measurement mode for 30 minutes during the preparatory

operations before the descent;

- recording pressure and temperature at low speed - 1 measurement per second for 1 hour 30 minutes (during descent);

- recording pressure with a high speed - 1000 measurements per second by a pressure threshold of 40 MPa for 5 minutes (for recording a fast-moving process when a generator of this type is triggered);

- recording pressure and temperature at a low speed - 1 measurement per second for 1 hour (when rising).

2. According to the calculations, the required mass of fuel for fracturing and creating cracks was 60 kg, and the autonomous pressure recorder should be 70 m from the generator. The generator is lowered to the well at an estimated distance of 70 m on the cable, a stop is made and the autonomous recorder is fixed pressure on the cable with clamping overhead elements.

3. Lower the generator with an autonomous pressure recorder, making stops at depths of 500 m, 1000 m, 1500 m, 2000 m, 2500 m each lasting 30-40 seconds.

4. They give a signal to trigger the generator when the processing interval is reached.

5. Raise the autonomous pressure recorder, making stops at the same depths and with the same duration as during the descent, and remove it from the well.

6. Disconnect the chassis from the sealed enclosure with the electronic unit, connect it to the computer with a connecting cable, read the recorded information into the computer and process it using system software. Document the results of pressure and temperature measurements with output to the printer. Compress the pressure at the stopping points during descent and ascent and conclude that the autonomous pressure recorder and the accuracy of pressure recording when the generator is triggered are operational.

When carrying out perforating and blasting operations in the well, there may be failures in the operation of the ignition or detonation circuit.

Obtaining timely information about the failure allows you to take the necessary safety measures when removing the perforated explosive device from the well. This can be provided with an autonomous pressure recorder equipped with a telemetric system for transmitting data to the surface and ground-based equipment for recording readings in real time. In this design, an autonomous pressure recorder is located in the gap of the geophysical cable at the estimated distance from the perforator-blasting apparatus and is connected to the geophysical cable using two standard connectors for the geophysical head.

Thus, the proposed invention allows you to reliably record the pressure in the well when working with perforated explosive devices and to carry out operational monitoring of the calibration of the autonomous pressure recorder in the well.

The proposed method for measuring pressure in a well with calibration control and an autonomous pressure recorder were tested during work on stimulation of inflows in oil wells by various pressure generators on solid fuel in a well fluid and in an environment with a liquid combustible-oxidizing composition, as well as when working with devices, containing cumulative perforator and solid fuel pressure generator used for joint perforation of the casing of the well and the formation of cracks in the reservoir.

Sources of information

1. Patent RU 2183741 C1, E 21 V 43/263. The method of gas-hydraulic stimulation.

2. Utility model RU 30832 U1, E 21 V 43/263. A device for monitoring and recording operations conducted by perforated explosive devices.

3. Mikin M.L., Ter-Sahakyan V.G. Technological complex "Kaissa" for geophysical and gas-hydrodynamic studies of wells based on autonomous equipment with electronic non-volatile memory. // NTV "Logger". Tver: Publ. AIS. 1998. Issue 43. C.116-120.

Claims (3)

1. A method of measuring pressure in a well with calibration control during the operation of perforated explosive devices, characterized in that the operating modes of the autonomous pressure recorder are programmed at various speeds for recording information in electronic memory to record the operation of the perforated explosive device according to a pressure threshold or at a specified time, they install on one geophysical cable an autonomous pressure recorder and a perforating explosive device, the distance between them being chosen by calculation, depending on Possibilities, depending on the type of a perforated explosive device and the mass of fuel or explosive charge in it, are lowered into a well on a geophysical cable during the exposure interval of a perforated explosive device and an autonomous pressure recorder; a pressure recorder from the well and process the recorded information on a computer using system software, while lowering and raising the autonomous pressure recorder plaguing its stop points in the scheduled recording the hydrostatic pressure, and after processing the recorded data, these values are compared with each other and with the calculated values of the hydrostatic pressure in the stopping points and conclude on operability and accuracy of recording auxiliary pressure recorder. 2. An autonomous pressure recorder containing pressure sensors, temperature sensors and an electronic unit located in a shockproof casing, including a flash memory and a timer for controlling operating modes, a connector for connecting to a computer with a connecting cable and a battery, characterized in that the shockproof casing is made with internal threads at both ends under two metal caps that have external threads and rubber sealing rings to seal the casing, a chassis is placed inside the shockproof casing, on which the electronic unit is fastened, and one end of the chassis is rigidly connected to one of the plugs that has a hydraulic connection with the well, each plug having a diameter equal to the casing and a longitudinal cut-out with a groove for the cable and holes for the fasteners, and the autonomous pressure recorder is fixed to the cable clamping overhead elements inserted into the longitudinal cutouts of the plugs and having symmetrical holes with threads for fasteners and grooves for the cable passing along the outer side surface of the casing. 3. The autonomous pressure recorder according to claim 2, characterized in that when operating the autonomous pressure recorder in real time, it is equipped with a telemetry system for transmitting information to the surface via a geophysical cable and two standard connectors for the geophysical head for attachment to the cable.

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