RU2235465C1 - Etching agent for summer wheat seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: organic chemistry, agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention describes application of compound of the formula: [C_nH_2n+1OCH₂CH₂N-(CH₃)(CH₅)₂]CH₃SO₄ as an etching agent for summer wheat seeds and reducing the development and spreading root rots in vegetation period. Invention provides diminishing infection of harvest with microorganisms and enhancing yield of wheat.

EFFECT: valuable properties of etching agent.

7 tbl, 5 ex

Description

The invention relates to crop production, namely the use of quaternary ammonium compounds as a means of chemical plant protection.

Quaternary ammonium compounds are used as antimicrobial and disinfectant preparations (Surfactants and detergents: Handbook / Abramzon A.A., Gauhberg O.D., Grigoryev S.N. et al. -M.: Hyperox, 1999. - P. 64), as well as plant growth regulators, for example, ethamop preparations of the formula [(CH ₃ ) ₂ N (CH ₂ OH) ₂ ] CH ₃ PO ₃ ] and chloromethacquate of the formula [(CH ₃ ) ₃ NCH ₂ Cl] Cl inhibit the growth of stems without inhibiting the growth of leaves and root system (Melnikov N.N., Novozhilov K.V., Belan S.R. Pesticides and plant growth regulators: Ref. Ed. - M.: Chemistry , 1995 .-- S. 186, 199).

The use of quaternary ammonium compounds as dressing agents is unknown.

(Мельников К.В., Белан С.Р. Пестициды и регуляторы роста растений: Справ, изд. - М.: Химия, 1995. - С.283-285).Недостатком этого протравителя являются низкая эффективность и высокая токсичность для теплокровных животных и человека (ЛД₅₀ для крыс 400 мг/кг).Also known as a dressing agent for presowing treatment of grain seeds against the causative agent of the complex of diseases tetramethylthiuram disulfide TMTD of the formula

(Melnikov K.V., Belan S.R. Pesticides and plant growth regulators: Ref., Ed. - M .: Chemistry, 1995. - P.283-285). The disadvantage of this protectant is low efficiency and high toxicity for warm-blooded animals and humans (LD ₅₀ for rats 400 mg / kg).

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the development and spread of root rot during the growing season and the infection of the crop with microorganisms, in increasing the yield of spring wheat.

The problem is solved by using DSA alkamone - methyl sulfate alkoxymethyldiethylammonium of the general formula [СНН _{2n + 1} О СН ₂ СН ₂ N (СН ₃ ) (С ₂ Н ₅ )] СН ₃ SO ₄ , where n = 10-18 as a seed dressing agent for spring wheat .

Alkamon DSU is a viscous, dense mass of light yellow to brown color, resistant to long-term storage and elevated temperatures, it is soluble in hard water, ethanol, practically insoluble in diethyl ether. Moderately toxic substance of hazard class III, DM ₅₀ for mice with a single intraperitoneal administration exceeds 1000 mg / kg. The active substance content is 60% [TU 6-14-664-81, change 3]. Registered April 17, 1990 at the Perm Center for Standardization and Metrology. It is used as a sizing agent in the textile industry, antistatic in the production of chemical fibers and an emulsifier (Surfactants: Reference / Abramzon A.A., Bocharov V.V., Gaevoy G.M. et al. - L .: Chemistry, 1979. - S. 294). The use of alkamone DSU as a protectant is unknown.

The physiological activity of the TMTD preparations (standard) and alkamon DSU were tested under laboratory and field experiments in 1998-2000.

Irgin seed cultivation of spring wheat seeds was carried out 3-5 days before sowing with TMTD and Alcamone DSU preparations with a consumption rate of 2 kg / t. Control is water.

The effectiveness of the invention is confirmed by the following examples.

Example 1. The effect of drugs on laboratory germination of seeds.

Spring wheat seeds were treated with TMTD and Alcamone DSU preparations. Seed germination was determined by the method of state variety testing of crops.

Table 1 shows the results of the effect of pre-sowing preparation of seeds on laboratory germination.

The data in Table 1 indicate that the pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds of the variety Irgina with Alkamon DSU increases the laboratory germination of seeds by 1.04 times in comparison with the standard TMTD.

Example 2. The effect of drugs on field germination of seeds.

The tests were carried out according to the methodology (Dospekhov B.A. Field experiment methodology with the basics of statistical processing of results. - M .: Kolos, 1979. - 416 p.) On plots with an area of 0.75 × 2 m in six replicates.

Table 2 shows the results of testing the effect of drugs on field germination (average data 1998-2000).

The data in Table 2 indicate that the alkamon DSU increases the field germination of seeds by 1.05 times in comparison with the standard TMTD.

Example 3. The effect of drugs on the development and spread of root rot during the growing season.

The test was carried out by the method of phytopathological analysis.

Four samples of 25 seeds were etched on paper. Grain contamination was determined by the presence of mycelium with spore formation of fungi. Infection of seeds with root rot was calculated by the formula

where N is the number of infected seeds;

m is the total number of seeds in the experiment.

The development of the disease, taking into account the intensity of its spread (P ₁ ) was calculated by the formula

where Σab is the product of seed contamination by points (a) by the corresponding clogging point (c);

4 - maximum infection score;

N is the number of infected seeds. The prevalence of diseases (P ₂ ) was calculated by the formula

where a is the number of diseased plants;

N is the total number of plants.

Table 3 shows the results of testing the effect of drugs on the development of diseases.

The data in Table 3 indicate that TMTD and alkamon DSU preparations reduce the development of root rot by 1.72 times compared with the control. But in meteorological conditions of high humidity and a sharp contrast of temperatures in 2000, the use of alkamon DSU allowed to reduce the development of root rot by 1.45 times in comparison with the standard drug TMTD.

Table 4 shows the results of testing the effect of drugs on the spread of root rot.

The data in Table 4 indicate that the alkamon DSU reduces the spread of root rot during the growing season by 1.54 times compared with the standard TMTD.

Example 4. The effect of drugs on the yield of spring wheat.

TMTD and alkamon DSU preparations increase the field germination of seeds, reduce the development and spread of root rot, which helps to increase the yield of spring wheat.

Table 5 shows the test results of the effect of drugs on the yield of spring wheat.

The data in Table 5 indicate that the alkamon DSU increases the yield of spring wheat 1.16 times in comparison with the standard TMTD.

Table 6 shows the results of the effect of drugs on yield elements (average data 1998-2000).

The data in Table 6 indicate that the alkonam DSU increases the mass of inflorescence by 1.20 times, the grain content of the spike - by 1.18 times and the average weight of 1000 grains - by 1.02 times in comparison with the standard TMTD.

Example 5. The effect of drugs on the infection of seeds of the obtained crop by microorganisms.

Infection of seeds with fungi, parasites, saprophytes and bacteria was determined 3 months after harvesting in laboratory conditions according to the method (Naumova N.A. Analysis of seeds for fungal and bacterial infections. - M .: Kolos, 1970. - 201 p.).

Table 7 shows the results of the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with TMTD and Alkamon DSU on seed contamination with microorganisms (average data 1998-2000).

The data in Table 7 indicate that the alkonam DSU reduces the infection rate of the crop with helminthosporiosis by 1.90 times, alternariosis - by 3.38 times, bacteriosis - by 1.27 times compared with the standard TMTD.

Both drugs inhibit the development of fusarium, but the alkonam DSU is less effective than the standard TMTD.

Thus, the tests showed that the proposed drug alkamon DSU is a seed dresser for spring wheat. This is manifested in a decrease in the development and spread of root rot during the growing season, in a decrease in the infection rate of the crop by microorganisms, in an increase in seed germination and, as a result, in an increase in spring wheat yield.

Claims (1)

The use of alkamone DSU of the formula [C _n H _{2n + 1} OCH ₂ CH ₂ N (CH ₃ ) (C ₂ H ₅ ) ₂ ] CH ₃ SO ₄ , where n = 10-18, as a seed dresser for spring wheat.