RU2234858C2 - Computer-aided psychodiagnostic method for determining individual typological personality properties and state - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: method involves designing database and entering initial data disclosing interrelations binding cognitive emotional personality estimates of various problem-creating situations when related to himself and other persons participating in the like situations and individual typological personality properties of the person and the behavioral responses in the like problem-creating situations. Starting from the database, animation images of finished situations are shown to the testee on computer monitor describing in this way interpersonal interactions happened to the animation characters. The responses are recorded into the computer by entering data characterizing responses shown by one of the animation characters, selected by the testee. The response data are processed by comparing responses of selected animation characters to cognitive emotional personality estimates and behavioral responses entered into the initial database.

EFFECT: enhanced accuracy and reliability of diagnosis.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of psychology, psychodiagnostics and medicine, and can be used in the psychodiagnostics of individual typological characteristics and the state of a person.

A known method of psychodiagnostics of Rosenzweig, including the study of the state of frustration, taking into account that many of the reactions manifested in this state, belong to the category of condemned and restrained. In relation to these reactions, which are mostly aggressive, protective mechanisms will act that will not allow the use of direct evaluation methods, but can be circumvented by using the projection mechanism.

The method uses this mechanism by creating conditions for the appearance of a projection, stimulates it and interprets each subject’s response as projective. The stimulus material is 24 cards with situations depicted on them, causing a state of frustration in one of the characters depicted. The test subject projects his own feelings on him, awakened by the perception of the situation, and ascribes to this character a certain phrase, which he seems to pronounce. The characters depicted on the cards do not have certain features, which facilitates the identification of the subject with them, and therefore the projection.

In the known method, the procedure for processing and interpreting the results is formalized and standardized in comparison with other projective tests more successfully. This is its main advantage. Processing of the results is easier than in other projective methods, it is easily divided into stages. For processing, standard assessment categories are used, there are practically no discrepancies in their application. This, as well as speed and ease of implementation and the possibility of a group examination allows the method to be used in applied research (see the Rosenzweig Frustration Test. Methodical Guide. UDC 159.9.072 BBKU with 1/18, SE IMATON, 2002).

The disadvantages of the method include weak control over the projection process. Stimulus material predisposes the subject to direct identification with the character. As a result, the subject can begin to respond from himself, attracting self-esteem processes that are completely unnecessary here and passing his answers through the filter of protective mechanisms. This drawback can be compensated for by a special emphasis when instructing on the creation of the desired setting for the subject: the experimenter must be sure that the subject takes an alienated position with respect to the character, as well as through constant reminders from the experimenter during the testing process.

Another limitation is related to situations simulated on stimulus cards. The appearance of a frustration state in an individual is determined largely by how much the situation itself is perceived by him as frustrating. If it is not perceived as frustrating, then this can be explained either by a specific response strategy, which reduces the emotional impact of the situation through perceiving it as insignificant, or by the absence of similar situations in the social experience of the person. This means that stimulus situations have a certain range of suitability. Situations selected by Rosenzweig have a very wide range of suitability, but it is nevertheless necessary to assume the possibility of going beyond this range and, in the process of interpreting, if the situation causes a suspicion of irrelevance to the subject's experience, it is better not to take into account the answers to it.

Thus, summarizing the above, it should be noted that individual typological characteristics and the state of the personality are revealed only if the situation is perceived as frustrating, and the diagnosed personality traits and personality conditions are related to the behavior of the person mainly in situations of frustration.

Identification of responses, and therefore the accuracy of diagnosis, is carried out by an experienced psychologist (depends on the qualifications of the staff).

These shortcomings reduce the reliability of the information obtained due to the subjective decisions of an expert psychologist. These shortcomings limit the possibilities of diagnosis and allow you to diagnose only certain personality traits and only in certain situations.

The task to which the invention is directed is to expand diagnostic capabilities (a wide range of individual typological characteristics and personality conditions and behavioral reactions, as well as the exclusion of the subjective factor (the personality of an expert experimenter).

The technical result is to obtain a reliable computer psychodiagnostic picture and the possibility of diagnosis in a wide range of individual typological characteristics and personality conditions.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of computer psychodiagnostics of individual typological characteristics and the state of the personality, including presenting the subject with images of situations of interpersonal interaction, inducing the subject to respond, processing responses, the results of which make a judgment about individual typological characteristics and state of the personality , initially form and enter into the computer the source database, which reflects the relationship between cognitive and emotional assessments of the personality of various kinds of problem situations of oneself and others in similar situations and the individual typological characteristics of this personality, its behavioral reactions in similar problem situations, on the other hand, on the basis of which they perform programmatic presentation of animated images of completed interpersonal situations on a computer screen to a computer screen interactions of animated characters, while the registration of responses is carried out by entering into the computer data on the choice of ytuemym reactions one of the animated characters, and the processing of the test responses produced by comparing selected animated characters behavioral reactions with reactions as reflected in the source database.

In addition, completed animated images of interpersonal interactions of animated characters include at least two participants discussing problem situations and fixing a different approach to resolving them.

Unlike other non-projective diagnostic methods, the proposed method of psychodiagnostics uses a projection mechanism through the identification of subjects' cognitive-emotional assessments and behavioral reactions with one of the animated characters, which increases the effect of the projection diagnostic method compared to the known method and other non-projective methods ( decrease in the protective reactions of the subject).

In assessing the readiness for use, we can assume its use for the use of drugs and other psychoactive substances.

The subject consciously or subconsciously identifies his own position from the position of one of the participants in the animated dialogue. A computer program and a database allow registration of identification and comparisons, which makes it possible to identify the proximity or remoteness of the subject from the initial psychological types. As a result of the diagnosis, the degree of proximity of the subject to a certain type of personality is revealed.

The claimed method is implemented as follows.

The test subject, using a computer program implemented on the basis of a mathematical model of human behavior with various typological structures and personality states, presents complete situations of interpersonal interactions of animated characters on the monitor screen, in which at least two animated characters (participants in the situation) discuss problem situations, Express a different attitude to problem situations or (and) offer various options for resolving them.

The subject must express his consent (or disagreement) with various attitudes to problem situations or (and) options for resolving them by attaching one of the animated characters to the position, confirmed by pressing the corresponding key on the computer keyboard.

A computer program based on a mathematical model of the behavior of people with various typological structures and personality states performs processing of accession (choice) of the test subject to one of the animated characters and produces a conclusion (judgment) on the typological features of the structure and state of the personality.

The program also provides:

- storage of data of quantitative and qualitative processing of test results;

- automatic construction and visual display in a convenient for perception form of profiles of individual typological structures and personality states;

- automatic compilation of summary characteristics (conclusions) based on the results of the survey;

- the possibility of combining the subjects in groups;

- compilation of summary tables based on survey results;

- sorting (ranking) of the examined in groups according to various indicators;

- printing test results (summary characteristics (conclusions), individual typological profile, structure, personality status, group and other test data), saving them in text files;

- the ability to use various algorithms, formulas, models, normative tables and other source data for automatic diagnosis, processing, analysis of results and the formulation of characteristics (conclusions) without the participation of a psychologist at all stages of the diagnostic process;

- restriction of access to the computer diagnostic system itself and the test results (databases) using a password system.

Typological features of a person with a different degree of risk of addictive behavior and the occurrence of dependence on surfactants ”(Fig.1-4)

The main psychological risk factors:

F1. Satisfaction of basic socio-biological needs (frustration, alienation - satisfaction, trust, reciprocity) is very low (0-3), low (4-5), medium (6-10), high (11-12)

F2. Socio-spiritual orientation and self-realization of a person (individual-hedonistic - socio-spiritual) is very low (0-2), low (3-4), medium (5-8), high (9)

F3 Intelligent regulation of behavior (recklessness, riskiness - prudence, prudence) is very low (0-1), low (2-3), medium (4-6), high (7)

F4. Moral-sensory regulation of behavior (impulsiveness, susceptibility to desires, ignoring moral and ethical standards - readiness to regulate one's behavior in accordance with moral and ethical standards) is very low (0-2), low (3-4), medium (5-9) high (10)

F5. Emotional-volitional regulation of behavior (emotional instability, weakness - high emotional stability, the ability to volitional regulation of emotions and behavior) is very low (0-1), low (2-3), medium (4-8), high (9-10 )

F6 Social desirability (self-criticism, an open expression of one’s character - the desire to show oneself better, to demonstrate socially approved personal qualities) low (0-2), medium (3-4), high (5-6)

Variants of individual typological characteristics of a person with a different degree of risk of addictive behavior

BRIEF FORMULATIONS for the options for individual typological characteristics:

F1 + Shows calm, satisfaction, trust in people and the world.

F1 = It treats life and people around it evenly, restrained and ambiguous - a lot depends on circumstances, mood and personal success.

F1- It shows anxiety, dissatisfaction with life, in general, experiences hidden or overt dissatisfaction with oneself and others.

F2 + Believes in spiritual values and ideals, strives for physical, mental and cultural development.

F2 = He wants to receive both spiritual and material benefits from life, he also wants to live for his pleasure and does not forget that “his shirt is closer to his body”.

F2- Does not believe in spiritual values and ideals, seeks to live in his pleasure and experience pleasure right now.

F3 + It shows prudence, prudence, caution. He is well aware of the consequences of human errors and errors.

F3 = Can show both prudence and caution, and impulsiveness, willingness to take risks. In those cases when he really wants to achieve what he wants, he can take a risk.

F3- Acts, not really thinking about the consequences.

For the sake of momentary pleasures, he can commit risky acts.

F4 + Understands the usefulness of existing moral standards, rules and prohibitions in society. Understands his duties and responsibilities to others. In his behavior takes into account the opinions and feelings of others.

F4 = The existing moral standards, prohibitions and rules of conduct in society are taken into account, depending on the circumstances and personal interests. Obviously, he does not neglect the rules of decency and the opinion of others, but he does not always comply with them.

F4- Disregards the existing ethical standards of behavior in society, the rules of decency. Insufficiently well understands his duty and duties to society and relatives. Does not attach due importance to the opinion and feelings of others.

F5 + Shows self-confidence, does not give in to circumstances, can overcome difficulties and achieve goals.

F5 = In difficult situations, he may be upset and give in to circumstances. But in the usual conditions, he feels confident enough, knows how to show character and cope with everyday problems.

F5- Poorly controls his emotions and behavior. Easy to lose his temper. He feels that he cannot, and does not always want to cope with life's difficulties.

F6- Can openly display both positive and negative aspects of his character.

F6 = Consciously or unconsciously emphasizes their positive (endorsed by the cultural community) personality traits.

F6 + Tries to emphasize the impeccability of his behavior and attitude towards others, he clearly seeks to show himself from the best side, to demonstrate the best personal qualities approved by society.

The method is illustrated in FIG. 1 and 2.

Claims (2)

1. A method of computer psychodiagnostics of individual-typological features and personality conditions, including presenting the subject with images of situations of interpersonal interaction, inducing the subject to respond, processing responses, according to the results of which they make judgments about the individual-typological characteristics and state of personality, characterized in that at first form and enter into the computer an initial database that reflects the relationship between cognitive-emotional assessments of personality different a kind of problem situations of oneself and others in similar situations, and the individual typological features of this person and her behavioral reactions in such problem situations, on the basis of which animated images of completed situations of interpersonal interactions of animated characters are programmatically presented to the test person on a computer screen, while registration of responses is carried out by entering into the computer data on the choice of the reactions of one of the animated persons as much as possible, and the response of the test subject is processed by comparing the selected reactions of the animated characters with cognitive-emotional assessments and behavioral responses entered into the original database. 2. The method of computer psychodiagnostics of individual typological features and personality status according to claim 1, characterized in that the completed animated images of interpersonal interactions of animated characters include at least two participants discussing problem situations and fixing a different approach to resolving them.

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