RU2234270C1 - Biopsy needle usable in veterinary medicine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary medicine; medical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device has four parts: tube of external diameter of 2.7 mm having stiletto tightly built-in into its canal with rest member or probe with mandrin. The stiletto has rod having rest member and skewed cut of working end. The probe has hollow tube having two rounded leaflets with external sharpening at the end. Obturating mandrin is shaped as rod.

EFFECT: high quality of bioptate; reduced risk of injuries; avoided pain shock; multiple use.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a veterinary instrument, in particular to needles for biopsy of soft tissues. The needle can be used to take biopsies of the liver, lungs, lymph nodes, thyroid gland.

Functional studies do not always sufficiently satisfy the needs of the clinic, as there are cases when it is difficult to make a diagnosis, despite a series of clinical and biochemical studies. Therefore, morphological studies make it possible to conduct early diagnosis of pathology and an objective assessment of the development of the pathological process. In this regard, the most acceptable are the morphological studies of the material obtained by biopsy.

A device for biopsy according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2090142 (CL 6 IPC A 61 B 10/00, A 61 B 17/34, date of publ. Formula 1997.09.20), containing a hollow tube and mandrin, and also additionally containing an outer tube and cannula. Mandrin, inner tube, outer tube and cannula are installed coaxially, their working ends are sharpened in the form of petals with rounded cutting edges. The cutting edge cuts the tissue aspirated into the cavity of the tube using a syringe.

The disadvantage of this device is that the outer diameter of the external cannula is large enough, therefore, the manipulations carried out with this tool are accompanied by a pronounced pain reaction (especially in young animals). The second disadvantage is the design of the tool, which is rather complicated in manufacturing.

The biopsy needle of the RF patent No. 2033758 is free from the first drawback (Cl. 6 IPC A 61 B 17/34, date of publ. Formula 1995.04.30). However, tissue samples obtained using this tool have a small volume.

The closest analogue is a biopsy device proposed by Usha B.V. (Veterinary hepatology. - M .: Kolos, 1979, - pp. 86-88) is a universal needle for a puncture biopsy. It is made of stainless steel and consists of 4 parts: 1) a cannula, the outer diameter of which is 3 mm, 2) a tight-fitting stylet 250 mm long, 3) a limiter that allows you to change the depth of the needle, 4) the needle handle with a locking device .

The disadvantages of the device are:

1) bleeding, with damage to large vessels and abdominal biopsies threaten large blood loss;

2) pain shock during a biopsy due to the significant diameter of the needle, during a biopsy of superficially located organs (thyroid gland, lymph nodes), even death is possible.

A common drawback of all analogues is the lack of the possibility of multiple sampling without additional tissue puncture.

The technical result of the invention is the provision of high quality biopsy, reducing trauma, prevention of pain shock, repeated selection of biopsy without additional puncture of tissues.

To achieve this goal, a biopsy needle for veterinary purposes (Figs. 1-3) is proposed, containing a sleeve 4 with an external diameter of 2.7 mm in the channel of which the probe 3 is tightly placed, at the end of which there are 2 rounded cutting tabs 2 with external sharpening. The design features of the proposed tool allow you to excise the material many times without additional injury and with less damage to the surrounding tissue and, in addition, select pieces of the required volume.

The needle made of stainless steel consists of 4 parts: a sleeve 4 with an outer diameter of 2.7 mm, in the channel of which a stylet 5 with an emphasis or a probe 3 with a mandrel 1 are tightly fitted. A stylet 5 in the form of a rod having an emphasis and an oblique cut (under angle of 75-80 °) of the working end. The probe 3 is in the form of a hollow tube, at the end of which there are 2 rounded petals 2 with external sharpening. Mandrain obturating 1 in the form of a core.

The work of the needle is as follows. Through a small notch of the skin, a sleeve 4 with a stylet 5 (Fig. 2) is introduced through the underlying anatomical structures, and it is brought to the organ, tissue samples of which are to be taken. The stylet is removed and the probe 3 with mandrin 1 is refueled (Fig. 3), the resistance that occurs when the probe is inserted indicates it has entered the organ. The mandrin is removed, and the probe is inserted into the organ tissue with a sharp rotational movement. The cannula closes and the probe with the tissue sample is removed. The presence of the sleeve and the peculiar position of the probe in its channel allow multiple material selection without additional trauma to the surrounding tissues, which simplifies morphological studies of the dynamics of changes in the structure of the studied tissue.

Needle efficiency tests were carried out at Zarechye LLC, Rossoshansky District, Voronezh Region, and Kolos LLC, Olkhovatsky District, Voronezh Region, on Galstino-Friesian calves.

The needle test was performed with a biopsy of the liver, lungs, thyroid gland and lymph nodes in clinically healthy calves aged 1 week to 1.5 months. For comparison, at the same time, in the control group, a biopsy was performed by the generally accepted method - using B. Usha's needle. (Veterinary hepatology. - M .: Kolos, 1979, - pp. 86-88).

Over the next 10 days, experimental animals were monitored.

As a result of the manipulations in the control group of 30 control animals, 5 died, 16 cases of complications were diagnosed, including 3 cases of pneumothorax, 8 cases of hematomas and 5 cases of adhesive inflammation of the peritoneum as a result of prolonged bleeding after a liver biopsy. The cause of the death of animals in 3 cases was bleeding, in one case pulmonary failure as a result of right-sided pneumothorax and in the latter case, the cause of death was pain shock.

In the experimental group (using the proposed technical solution) there was no death; out of 30 control animals, 9 showed anxiety after a biopsy on the lymph nodes and thyroid gland.

For pathological diagnosis of complications in the experimental group, 5 animals were randomly selected and killed. An autopsy in 1 case revealed a slight hemorrhage in the region of the right inguinal lymph node.

Tissue samples obtained by biopsy using the proposed instrument have a sufficient volume, they were used for electron microscopic studies.

Claims (1)

A biopsy needle for veterinary purposes, containing a stylet and mandrin, characterized in that it additionally has a sleeve with an external diameter of 2.7 mm and a probe freely located in its channel, at the end of which there are two rounded petals with external sharpening.

Images