RU2234012C1 - Spring device with nonlinear characteristic - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device has cylindrical spring interposed between the top and bottom bearing sides and cylindrical flexible member mounted coaxially with respect to the spring on the bottom bearing side. The bottom bearing side is provided with an axially magnetized cylindrical permanent magnet, which has axial opening and mounted for displacements along the thread and the axis of the spring. The cylindrical flexible member is made of a flexible porous material impregnated with a ferromagnetic liquid, and mounted concentrically with a spaced relation in the axial opening of the permanent magnet directly under the cylindrical spring.

EFFECT: expanded functional capabilities.

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Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used as devices with non-linear characteristics for the elastic perception of dynamic loads.

A well-known spring with a non-linear characteristic, in which the elastic elements of different sections are made of different thicknesses, increasing from the plane of application of the load to the base / cm.a.s. USSR No. 741002, cl. F 16 F 1/16, 1978 [1]. The spring stiffness gradually increases with increasing load, which allows you to keep the frequency of the natural oscillations of the elastic system with an increase in static load equal to the frequency at the initial load and provides the best dynamic characteristics for the shock-absorbing object when its mass changes.

However, the known design is difficult to manufacture and adjust, that is, it has extremely limited functionality.

Spring designs with non-linear characteristics are also known, containing screw supports partially screwed into coil springs and bringing the spring stiffness in line with static load by blocking part of the working spring turns / cm.a.s. USSR No. 1384417, class B 60 G 17/04, 1986 [2]; a. from. USSR No. 1291451, class B 60 C 11/14, 1983 [3] /.

The disadvantages of these designs are their significant complexity, the inability to quickly adjust the characteristics without the use of special power drives, the ability to perform only stepwise and smooth adjustment of the characteristics, which ultimately limits the functionality of the known devices.

In addition, springs with a non-linear characteristic are known, containing a system of springs concentrically mounted relative to each other, connected to each other by means of special cups, which enable the springs to be switched on and off alternately in operation / cm.a.s. USSR No. 368082, class In 60 G 15/02, 1978 [4]; A.S. USSR No. 1017851, cl. F 16 F 1/06, B 60 G 15/02, 1980 [5] /.

The disadvantages of these devices are the extreme complexity of both the structure itself and its assembly, adjustment, the inability to quickly and smoothly change the design parameters to other stiffness characteristics, which ultimately limits the functionality of these structures.

The closest device of the same purpose to the claimed invention for the combination of essential features is a spring with a non-linear characteristic, containing an outer cylindrical spring located between the upper and lower supporting surfaces, an inner spring placed in a cup connected by the upper end to the outer spring, and a cylindrical elastic an element mounted on the lower supporting surface inside the outer spring / cm.a.s. USSR No. 384699, class In 60 G 15/02, F 16 F 3/00, In 61 F 5/06, 1971 [6] /, and adopted as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the prototype device are the complexity of the design, its assembly and adjustment, the inability to quickly restructure the design parameters to other stiffness characteristics, which ultimately limits the functionality of this design.

The essence of the invention is to create a spring design in which a predetermined adjustable non-linearity of the characteristic is ensured by introducing an elastic element into the structure, the rigidity of which depends on the intensity of the magnetic field penetrating the elastic element and the degree of magnetic field coverage of the entire volume of this element.

The technical result is an extension of the functionality of the spring with a nonlinear elastic characteristic.

The specified technical result during the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in a known spring with a non-linear characteristic comprising a cylindrical spring located between the upper and lower supporting surfaces, and a cylindrical elastic element mounted coaxially with the spring on the lower supporting surface, the feature is that An axially magnetized cylindrical permanent magnet with an axial hole is installed coaxially with the spring of the lower supporting surface, having the possibility of adjusting cm They are threaded along the axis of the spring, and the cylindrical elastic element is made of porous elastic material impregnated with ferromagnetic fluid, hermetically insulated on the outer surface and placed concentrically with a radial clearance in the axial hole of the permanent magnet directly under the cylindrical spring with the lower end face resting on the upper surface of the elastic item.

The drawing schematically shows the proposed device, a General view with a longitudinal section.

The spring with a non-linear characteristic comprises a coil spring 1 located between the upper 2 and lower 3 supporting surfaces, an axially magnetized cylindrical permanent magnet 4 with an axial hole 5, screwed coaxially with the spring 1 onto the threaded protrusion 6 on the lower supporting surface 3 with the possibility of adjusting displacement along the thread along the axis of the spring 1, a cylindrical element 7 of elastic porous material impregnated with a ferromagnetic fluid, hermetically sealed on the outer surface with a special waterproof with a cover 8 and installed concentrically with a radial clearance in the axial hole 5 of the permanent magnet 4 on the plane of the threaded protrusion 6 directly under the coil spring 1 with the support of the lower end of the latter through the rigid lining 9 on the upper surface of the elastic element 7. On the outer cylindrical surface of the permanent magnet 4 is made knurling / not shown / for the convenience of adjusting the displacement of the magnet 4 along the threaded protrusion 6. As a resilient porous material of the element 7, a special I "sponge" rubber, waterproof case 8 is made of special technical fabric.

The operation of the device is as follows.

First we indicate that the coil spring 1 and the elastic element 7 are connected in series in the elastic system of the spring, therefore, for example, an increase in the stiffness of the elastic element 7 causes an increase in the stiffness of the entire spring. Further, we indicate that under the action of the field of the permanent magnet 4, the viscosity of the ferromagnetic fluid impregnating the elastic element 7 increases until it completely hardens, which automatically leads to an increase in the stiffness of the elastic element 7. Thus, with an increase in the spring load due to the increase in the mass of the shock-absorbing object / by the drawing is not shown / mounted on the upper abutment surface 2, there is a deformation / sagging / of the elastic element 7, that is, an increase in the volume of material of the elastic element 7 included inside the axial hole 5 of the permanent magnet 4. This automatically leads to an increase in viscosity / solidification / greater mass of the ferromagnetic fluid and, consequently, to an automatic increase in the stiffness of both the elastic element 7 and the entire spring. In this case, as the elastic element 7 is deepened inside the permanent magnet 4, there is not a stepwise, but a linear, smooth increase in the stiffness of the elastic system. In addition, preliminary, as well as operational / directly during operation / adjustment by wrapping / unscrewing / permanent magnet 4 along the thread of the protrusion 6 on the lower supporting surface 3 allows not only to obtain a specific spring stiffness value, but also a predetermined shape of its load characteristic, that provides the depreciable object with the best dynamic quality when changing its mass, allows you to maximize the functionality of the proposed device.

The proposed design is extremely simple both in manufacture, in operation and during adjustment. It allows you to drastically increase the functionality of the spring by providing the ability to quickly adjust the stiffness of the spring directly during operation, to maintain the constant natural frequency of the elastic system when the mass of the depreciable object changes, to obtain different spring stiffnesses and forms of its load characteristics, and not quite rough, obtained by step approximation, and relatively smooth with a predetermined error. Adjustment of the proposed design is extremely simple and can be done manually without the use of special actuators and directly during the operation of the spring.

Claims (1)

A spring with a nonlinear characteristic, comprising a cylindrical spring located between the upper and lower supporting surfaces, and a cylindrical elastic element mounted coaxially with the spring on the lower supporting surface, characterized in that an axially magnetized cylindrical permanent magnet with an axial magnet is mounted on the lower supporting surface coaxially with the spring a hole having the ability to adjust the displacement along the thread along the axis of the spring, and the cylindrical elastic element is made of elastic porous material impregnated with ferromagnetic fluid is hermetically insulated on the outer surface and placed concentrically with a radial clearance in the axial hole of the permanent magnet directly under the coil spring with the lower end of the latter resting on the upper surface of the elastic element.