RU2233457C1 - Wide-band scanning wide-band gating complex altimeter-goniometer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio detection and ranging; radio navigation; measurement of flight altitude and pitch and bank angles.

SUBSTANCE: proposed device includes master oscillator, reference and control voltage forming unit, radiation unit and reception unit. Radiation unit includes radiation frequency transfer subunit and signal beam rotation subunit. Radiation frequency transfer subunit includes group of radiation frequency converters and radiation signal beam rotation subunit includes group of radiation antenna. Reception subunit includes observation beam group distribution unit, four observation beam forming units and aircraft flight parameter separation unit. Distribution unit of groups of revolving observation beams includes group of observation beam rotation unit which consists of receiving antenna group. Each observation beam group forming unit includes reception frequency transfer units, synthesis and detection unit group and time interval selection and measurement unit. Each reception frequency transfer unit includes reception phase shifter group, reception frequency converter group and reception filter group. Aircraft flight parameter (change of altitude and pitch and bank angles) separation unit includes three inverters and five adders. Wide-band scanned beam of signal and four groups wide-band gated observation beams are formed by group of signal radiation antennae at respective frequencies and four groups of reception antennae at medium frequency with the use of frequency converter groups. Said beams are rotating at first and second angular velocities in first and second vertical planes at preset moments of time corresponding to altitude of flight and pitch and bank angles.

EFFECT: increased resolving power; enhanced accuracy and reliability; extended functional capabilities.

6 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of radar and radio navigation and is intended for measuring flight altitude and pitch and roll angles of an aircraft using “broadband scanning” beamforming of the signal on the transmitting side and “broadband-gating” forming of the viewing beam on the receiving side.

Known aircraft altimeter containing on the transmitting side of the device an omnidirectional emitting antenna and the driver of the probing broadband modulated signal with a linear law of modulation of the carrier frequency for a given period (pulse), the output of which is connected to the input of the emitting antenna, and on the receiving side containing an omnidirectional receiving antenna, a receiver whose input is connected to the output of the receiving antenna, a differential frequency allocation unit, the first and second inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the co respectively, of the probe signal generator and the receiver, and the difference frequency meter, the input of which is connected to the output of the difference frequency allocation unit [1].

The disadvantages of this known radio altimeter are:

- insufficiently high noise immunity to parasitic signal reflections from external objects on the earth’s surface, insufficiently wide functionality (for example, impossibility to measure aircraft tilt angles), insufficiently high electromagnetic compatibility of the radiating and receiving parts of the device due to the need to use omnidirectional radiation and reception antennas;

- a significantly large spurious energy consumption of the emitted signal due to its radiation by an undirected antenna radiation;

- a significantly large level of external noise in the receiver due to the reception of signals by an omnidirectional reception antenna.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed one is a broadband scanning broadband gating integrated height meter containing a master oscillator, a node for generating reference and control voltages, the input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator, a radiation unit containing a radiation frequency transfer unit consisting of a given group of converters radiation frequencies, the signal inputs of which are interconnected, forming the signal input of the radiation frequency transfer unit and thereby the signal the main input of the radiation unit, and connected to the signal output of the node forming the reference and control voltages, the reference inputs form a predetermined group of the corresponding reference inputs of the radiation frequency transfer unit and thereby the group of the corresponding reference inputs of the radiation unit and are connected to the corresponding group of the reference output outputs of the radiation unit of the reference and control voltages, and the outputs form the corresponding group of outputs of the radiation frequency transfer unit, and the signal beam rotation unit, consisting of a given group a radiation antenna, the inputs of which are the corresponding group of inputs of the signal beam rotation unit and are connected to the outputs of the respective radiation frequency converters and thereby with the group of outputs of the radiation frequency transfer unit, and a receiving unit comprising a viewing beam distribution unit consisting of a first viewing beam rotation unit and thereby from the first predetermined group of reception antennas, the outputs of which form a group of outputs of the first block of rotation of the survey beams and thereby the first group of outputs of the block of distribution of the survey beams, and a first block for generating a first predetermined group of survey beams, consisting of a predetermined group of reception frequency transfer blocks, each and thereby the first of them, comprising a main reception phase shifter, the input of which is a reference input of the first reception frequency transfer block and thereby forms, together with the reference inputs, a predetermined groups of blocks of transferring reception frequencies to a given group of reference inputs of the first block of forming a given group of survey beams and thereby a given group of reference inputs of the receiving node, which is connected respectively but with a group of receiving reference outputs of the node for forming the reference and control voltages, the main receiving frequency converter, the reference input of which is connected to the output of the main receiving phase shifter and the signal input is the signal input of the first receiving frequency transfer unit and thereby forms together with the signal inputs of the given group of transfer blocks frequency of reception of a given group of signal inputs of the first block forming a given group of survey beams, which is connected to the outputs of the corresponding receiving antennas of the first of the given group and thus with a given group of outputs of the first block of rotation of the survey beams and with the first group of outputs of the block of distribution of the survey beams, and the main reception filter, the input of which is connected to the output of the main frequency converter of reception and the output is the main output of the corresponding block of transfer of reception frequencies, the main a block for the synthesis and detection of reception pulses, a given group of signal inputs of which is connected to the outputs of the main reception filters and thereby with the main outputs of the group of the corresponding block in transferring reception frequencies, and a monitoring unit, the main signal input of which is connected to the output of the main unit for synthesizing and detecting reception pulses, the cyclic input of which is connected to the cyclic input of the main unit for synthesizing and detecting reception pulses, forming a cyclic input of the first block of formation of a given group of survey beams and thereby, the cyclic input of the receiving unit, and is connected to the cyclic output of the unit for forming the reference and control voltages, and the clock input is the clock input of the first unit of group formation rays review and thereby receive a clock input node and connected to the clock output unit for generating reference voltages and control [2].

The disadvantages of this device are the low accuracy of measuring the aircraft’s flight altitude due to a discrete survey with a substantially high duty cycle of the illuminated sector of the earth’s surface and insufficient use of the device’s functionality (for example, the aircraft’s tilt angles are not measured).

The aim of the proposed technical solution is to increase the accuracy of measuring the flight altitude of the aircraft by reducing the duty cycle of the survey of the highlighted sector of the earth's surface, increasing noise immunity and expanding the functionality of the device (for example, additional measurement of pitch angle and roll angle of the airplane).

In accordance with the proposed technical solution, the goal is achieved by the fact that in the broadband scanning broadband gating integrated height meter containing a master oscillator, a node for generating reference and control voltages, the input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator, a radiation unit containing a radiation frequency transfer unit, consisting of a given group of radiation frequency converters, the signal inputs of which are interconnected, forming the signal input of the frequency transfer unit and radiation and thereby the signal input of the radiation unit, and are connected to the signal output of the node for generating reference and control voltages, the reference inputs form a predetermined group of corresponding reference inputs of the radiation frequency transfer unit, and thereby the group of corresponding reference inputs of the radiation unit and are connected to the corresponding group of reference radiation outputs the node for the formation of reference and control voltages, and the outputs form the corresponding group of outputs of the radiation frequency transfer unit, and the signal beam rotation unit, comp a radiator from a given group of radiation antennas, the inputs of which are the corresponding group of inputs of the signal beam rotation unit and connected to the outputs of the respective radiation frequency converters and thereby with the group of outputs of the radiation frequency transfer unit, and a receiving unit comprising a viewing beam distribution unit consisting of a first block rotation of the survey beams and thereby from the first predetermined group of receiving antennas, the outputs of which form a group of outputs of the first block of rotation of the survey beams and thereby the first group of outputs of the races definitions of the viewing rays, and the first block for generating the first predetermined group of viewing rays, consisting of a given group of reception frequency transfer blocks, each and thereby the first of them, containing a main reception phase shifter, the input of which is a reference input of the first reception frequency transfer block and thereby forms together with the reference inputs of a given group of reception frequency transfer blocks, a given group of reference inputs of the first block of forming a given group of survey beams, and thereby a given group of reference inputs of the receiving node, which the first is connected to the group of reference output outputs of the node for forming the reference and control voltages, the main frequency converter of the reception, the reference input of which is connected to the output of the main phase shifter of the reception and the signal input is the signal input of the first block of the transfer of reception frequencies and thereby forms together with the signal inputs of the specified group of frequency transfer units for receiving a given group of signal inputs of a first block for generating a given group of survey beams, which is connected to the outputs receiving antennas of the first predetermined group and thereby with a given group of outputs of the first block of rotation of the survey beams and with the first group of outputs of the block of distribution of the survey beams, and a main reception filter, the input of which is connected to the output of the main frequency converter of reception and the output is the main output of the corresponding transfer unit frequency of reception, the main unit for the synthesis and detection of reception pulses, a given group of signal inputs of which is connected to the outputs of the main reception filters and thereby with the main outputs of the PPA of the respective transmit frequency reception units, and a monitoring unit, the main signal input of which is connected to the output of the main unit for synthesizing and detecting the receiving pulses, the loop input of which is connected to the cyclic input of the main unit for synthesizing and detecting the receiving pulses, forming a cyclic input of the first unit for generating a given group of beams overview and thereby the cyclic input of the receiving node, and is connected to the cyclic output of the node forming the reference and control voltages, and the clock input is the clock input of the first a unit for forming a group of survey beams and thereby a clock input of a receiving unit and connected to a clock output of a unit for generating reference and control voltages, a second, third and fourth unit for generating corresponding predetermined groups of survey beams and an airplane flight parameter separation unit, consisting of the first and the second inverters, the first and second height adders, the third adder of the first angle, the fourth adder of the second angle, the third inverter and the fifth warning adder, in b the second, third and fourth blocks of rotation of the line of sight are introduced, consisting of the corresponding given groups of reception antennas, each and thereby in the first block of the formation of the first corresponding specified group of line of sight are introduced the corresponding specified group of additional blocks for the synthesis and detection of pulse reception and a block for the selection and measurement of time intervals, in each and thereby in the first block, the transfer frequency of the reception of the first, second, third and fourth blocks of the formation of x predetermined groups of viewing rays introduced a given group of additional reception phase shifters, a specified group of additional reception frequency converters and a specified group of additional reception filters, specified groups of signal inputs of the second, third and fourth blocks of the formation of the corresponding given groups of viewing rays are connected to the outputs of the respective receiving antennas of the respective rotation units rays of view and thus with given corresponding groups of outputs of these blocks and with corresponding given groups by the pins of the outputs of the distribution block of the viewing rays, the inputs of the additional reception phase shifters in the first and, respectively, each transmission frequency transmitting block of the first, second, third and fourth blocks for generating the corresponding predetermined groups of viewing rays are respectively interconnected with the inputs of the corresponding main reception phase shifters and thereby with the corresponding reference outputs of the receiving node of the formation of the reference and control voltages, the reference inputs of additional converters of the receiving frequencies are connected to the outputs of the respective additional reception phase shifters, the signal inputs are respectively connected to each other, to the signal input of the corresponding main reception frequency converter and thereby to the outputs of the respective reception antennas, and the outputs are connected to the inputs of the corresponding additional reception filters, the outputs of which are the corresponding group of specified additional outputs of the corresponding unit of transmitting frequency reception of the respective blocks forming the corresponding given groups of rays overview , in each and thereby in the first block of formation of a given group of survey beams, a group of signal inputs of each given additional block of synthesis and detection of reception pulses is connected respectively to the outputs of the corresponding additional filters and, thereby, to the corresponding additional outputs of the blocks of transferring frequencies of reception, cyclic inputs of additional blocks synthesis and detection of reception pulses and a selection block and measuring time intervals are interconnected with a cyclic input of the main unit and the synthesis and detection of reception pulses and thereby with the cyclic output of the node for the formation of reference and control voltages, the clock input of the block for selection and measurement of time intervals is connected to the clock input of the observation unit and thereby with the clock output of the node for the formation of reference and control voltages, a given group of main and additional signal inputs of the block selection and measurement of time intervals is connected respectively with a given group of main and additional signal inputs of the monitoring unit and with by the strokes of the corresponding main and additional blocks for the synthesis and detection of reception pulses, the first and second outputs of the selection and measurement block of time intervals of the first block of formation of the first group of survey beams and thereby the first and second outputs of the first block of formation of the first group of survey beams are connected respectively to the first input of the first adder altitude and with the first input of the third adder of the first angle of inclination and thereby with the first height input and the first input of the angles of the airplane flight parameter separation unit a, the first and second outputs of the second block forming the second group of survey beams are connected respectively to the second input of the first altitude adder and the input of the first inverter, and thereby with the second height input and the second angle input of the separation block of the aircraft flight parameters, the first and second outputs of the third block of the third groups of survey beams are connected respectively to the first input of the second adder of height and the first input of the fourth adder of the second angle of inclination and thereby with the third input of height and the third input of angles In order to separate the flight parameters of the aircraft, the first and second outputs of the fourth block for forming the fourth group of survey beams are connected respectively to the second input of the second altitude adder and the input of the second inverter, and thereby with the fourth height input and fourth entrance of the angles of the aircraft flight parameter separation unit, the outputs of the first and second the inverters are connected to the second inputs, respectively, of the third adder of the first angle of inclination and the fourth adder of the second angle of inclination of the separation unit of the aircraft flight parameters, you One of the first height adder is connected to the first input of the fifth warning adder and is the height output of the aircraft flight parameter separation unit, the receiving and device unit, the input of the third inverter is connected to the output of the second altitude adder and the output is connected to the second input of the fifth warning adder, the output of the third adder of the first corner tilt, the output of the fourth adder of the second tilt angle and the output of the fifth warning adder are respectively the output of the first tilt angle of the aircraft, the output of the second angle n clone plane and the separation section warning output aircraft flight parameters, and the node receiving device.

The node for generating the reference and control voltages comprises a multiplier of the main reference frequency, a pulse shaper of a driving frequency, a clock divider, a distribution control counter, a pulse distributor, a first predetermined group of pulse synthesis blocks of the original reference frequencies, a second predetermined group of pulse synthesis blocks of the original reference frequencies and a predetermined block the third group of blocks for the synthesis of pulses of the initial bias frequency, a given group of blocks for the synthesis of additional reference frequencies, the block for the synthesis of bias frequencies, radio pulse generation unit, first, second and third reference frequency bias units, each and thereby the first additional frequency synthesis unit contains first and second frequency dividers, first and second filters, frequency converter, third filter, pulse shaper, third divider frequencies and a fourth filter, a bias frequency synthesis unit contains a first and second frequency dividers and a first and a second filter, a radio pulse generating unit comprises a pulse former and a modulator, first, second and the third reference frequency bias blocks contain the corresponding specified groups of frequency converters, the input of the main reference frequency multiplier and the input of the driver pulse shaper are connected to each other and are the input of the reference and control voltage generation unit, the counting input of the clock frequency divider and the counting input of the distribution control counter are connected between by itself and with the output of the first pulse shaper of the driving frequency, the output of the clock frequency divider is the clock output of the forming unit I reference and control voltages, in the pulse distributor, a given group of inputs is connected respectively to a given group of outputs of the distribution control counter, the specified final output is connected to the reset input of the distribution control counter, to the reset input of the clock divider, with the cyclic inputs of the group of blocks and thereby connected between each other the reset inputs of the first and second frequency dividers and the reset input of the third frequency divider of each and thereby the first block of synthesis of additional reference parts from, is connected to the cyclic input of the bias frequency synthesis unit and thereby to the interconnected reset inputs of the first and second frequency dividers of the bias frequency synthesis unit, to the cyclic input and thereby to the input of the pulse shaper of the radio pulse forming unit, forming the cyclic output of the reference and formation unit control voltages in the first and second specified groups of pulse synthesis blocks of the original reference frequencies and in the block of the third specified group of pulse synthesis of the initial offset frequency corresponding these groups of inputs of these blocks are connected to the corresponding predetermined intermediate outputs of the pulse distributor, in each and thereby in the first block of synthesis of additional reference frequencies, the counting inputs of the first and second frequency dividers and thereby the first and second inputs of the corresponding block of synthesis of additional reference frequencies are connected by the outputs of the corresponding blocks of synthesis of pulses of the original reference frequencies, respectively, of the first and second given groups of blocks of synthesis of pulses of the source of reference frequencies, the outputs of the first o and the second frequency dividers are connected respectively to the inputs of the first and second filters, the first and second inputs and the output of the frequency converter are connected respectively to the outputs of the first and second filters and to the input of the third filter, the output of the third filter is connected to the input of the pulse shaper and is the first output of the corresponding unit synthesis of additional reference frequencies, the counting input of the third frequency divider is connected to the output of the pulse shaper and the output is connected to the input of the fourth filter, the output of the fourth the filter is the second output of the corresponding synthesis unit for additional reference frequencies, in the bias synthesis block, the counting inputs of the first and second frequency dividers are interconnected, forming the signal input of the bias frequency synthesis block, and connected to the output of the pulse synthesis block of the initial bias frequency, the inputs of the first and second filters are connected respectively to the outputs of the first and second frequency dividers and the outputs of these filters are, respectively, the first and second outputs of the bias synthesis unit, in the pulse shaping unit, the input of the pulse shaper is the loop input of the block, the first input of the modulator and thereby the signal input of the block of pulse shaping is connected to the output of the first filter and thereby with the first output of the bias synthesis block, the second input of the modulator is connected to the output of the pulse shaper and the output is the output of the block for the formation of radio pulses and the signal output of the node for the formation of reference and control voltages, in the first block of the offset of the reference frequencies, the signal inputs of this group of frequency converters, which are the corresponding group of signal inputs of the first block of offset reference frequencies, respectively connected to the first outputs of the group of blocks of synthesis of additional reference frequencies and thereby with the output of the third filter of the first block of synthesis of additional reference frequencies, the reference inputs are interconnected, forming a reference input a first reference frequency bias unit, with a reference input of a third reference frequency bias unit and with an output of a base frequency multiplier, and the outputs are in a second group of reference frequencies, a predetermined group of signal inputs of the second reference frequency bias unit is connected respectively to the second outputs of the group of synthesis blocks of additional reference frequencies and with the output of the fourth filter of the first synthesis unit of additional reference frequencies, and the reference input is connected to the output of the second filter of the synthesis unit bias frequencies and thereby with the second output of the bias synthesis unit, in the third reference frequency bias unit, a predetermined group of signal inputs of the third reference frequency bias unit is connected respectively to the group of outputs of the second reference frequency bias unit, and the group of outputs is a given group of reference radiation outputs of the reference unit and control voltages.

Each block of synthesis and detection of reception pulses contains an adder, a block of temporary automatic gain control, a detector and a threshold block, a group of inputs of an adder, and a loop input of a block of temporary automatic gain control are a predetermined group of signal inputs and a loop input of a block of synthesis and detection of pulse reception, a signal input and the output of the automatic gain control unit is connected respectively to the output of the adder and to the input of the detector, the input of the threshold unit is connected to the output of the detector and the output is the output of the synthesis and detection unit of the reception pulses.

The monitoring unit contains a distribution control counter, a pulse distributor, a predetermined group of keys, a first signal adder, a first, second, and third sawtooth voltage generators, respectively, of a cyclic sweep, a clock sweep, and a raster bias, a second raster bias adder and an oscilloscope, the input of a sawtooth clock voltage switcher is the clock input of the monitoring unit and the output is connected to the input of the horizontal deviation of the oscilloscope, the counting input of the counter control switch and the input of the sawtooth voltage generator of the cyclic scan are interconnected and are the cycle input of the monitoring unit, the reset input of the distribution control counter is connected to the input of the raster bias voltage saw generator and to the final output of the pulse distributor, and a given group of discharge outputs is connected respectively to a given group of inputs of the distributor pulses, in a given group of keys, the signal inputs of these keys are a given group of signal inputs of the monitoring unit, The incoming inputs are connected respectively to the specified intermediate outputs of the pulse distributor and the outputs to the corresponding specified inputs of the first adder, the output of the first adder is connected to the input of the brightness mark of the oscilloscope, in the second adder, the first and second inputs and output are connected respectively to the output of the sawtooth voltage cyclic sweep, s the output of the sawtooth displacement voltage of the raster bias and with the input of the vertical deviation of the oscilloscope.

The selection and measurement unit for time intervals contains an adder, a selection unit for a given maximum amplitude, first and second triggers, first and second delay units, first and second integrators and first and second keys, a given group of adder inputs is a given group of signal inputs of the selection and measurement unit time intervals and the output is connected to the input of the selection block of a given maximum amplitude, the signal inputs of the first and second triggers are connected to each other and to the output of the selection block of a given of the maximum amplitude, the reset input of the first trigger, the inputs of the first and second delay blocks, and the control inputs of the first and second keys are interconnected and are the loop input of the selection and measurement unit of time intervals, the reset input of the second trigger is the clock input of the selection and measurement unit of time intervals , the signal inputs of the first and second integrators are connected respectively to the outputs of the first and second triggers, the reset inputs to the outputs of the first and second delay blocks, respectively, and the output - with the signal inputs of the first and second keys, the outputs of the first and second keys are respectively first and second outputs of the selection unit and the measurement time intervals.

The device comprises a predetermined group of slotted radiation antennas uniformly distributed on respective predetermined segments of a first predetermined straight line along the axis of the aircraft fuselage with a predetermined distance from the radiation starting point, a first and second group of slotted reception antennas uniformly distributed on corresponding predetermined segments of a first predetermined straight line with a predetermined step of removal from a given starting point of reception located on the first predetermined straight line at a predetermined distance from the starting point and radiation, and the third and fourth groups of slotted receiving antennas uniformly distributed with a given distance of removal from the starting point of reception on the corresponding predetermined segments of a second predetermined straight line located in the plane of the wings of the aircraft and intersecting with the first predetermined straight line at the starting point of reception at a given angle to first given straight line.

Define the names of spatial signals and devices for their processing.

A “broadband-scanned” signal beam is a signal beam that, by expanding a predetermined number of times the spectrum of the original radio pulse signal and emitting its frequency components with the corresponding K antennas, becomes a rotating (continuously rotated in space) and time-compressed beam of the radio pulse signal. The device by which this signal rotating in space and compressed in time is formed is a “broadband scanning” device. A group of “broadband-gated” survey beams is a group of survey beams which, by instrumental expansion of a predetermined number N times of the spectrum of a radio pulse signal received by N antennas corresponding to these beams, and instrumental formation in each of the N frequency channels of given groups of M phase channels become a group of specified M survey beams rotating in space (continuously rotated in space) and gated in time. The device through which this group of spatially rotating and gated in time rays of the received signal survey is formed is a “broadband-gating” device. In the examples of the text describing the device K = N = M = 48. The name of the claimed device “broadband-scanning broadband-gating integrated high-altitude gage” corresponds to a device that performs both of these operations, respectively, when generating a rotating signal beam and when forming a group of rotating survey beams, followed by isolation (by a complex device) of a given group of received output signals of information voltages altitude and pitch and roll angles of the aircraft relative to the ground. To separate the information in the proposed device, one signal shaper and four shapers of four predetermined groups of survey beams — the first and second groups of survey beams, respectively, mutually rotating in the first predetermined vertical plane, for example, passing through a given group (“line”) of radiation antennas and the first and second predetermined groups (“lines”) of receiving antennas, and third and fourth groups of survey beams, respectively, mutually rotating in a second predetermined vertical plane rotated by a predetermined angle relative to the first plane and passing through the third and fourth predetermined groups (“lines”) of receiving antennas.

Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the proposed device, figure 2, 3, 4 and 5 is a block diagram of examples of nodes and blocks of the proposed device, figure 6 is an example of the location in space of structural elements of the antenna system for given rulers of groups antenna elements and Fig.7 are graphs representing the signal beam and groups of survey beams in a given orthogonal carbon-bearing coordinate system.

The device in figure 1 contains a master oscillator 1, a node 2 for the formation of reference and control voltages, a radiation unit 3 and a receiving unit 4. Emitting portion 5 comprises a transfer frequency radiation, consisting of a defined group of transducers 6 _1, ... 6 _for radiation of frequencies and signal beam rotation unit 7 consisting of a defined group of antennas 8 _1, ... 8 _{of the} radiation. The receiving unit contains a block 9 for distributing the line of sight, consisting of the first, second, third and fourth blocks, respectively, 10 ₁ , 10 ₂ , 10 ₃ and 10 ₄ rotation of the line of sight, each of which (in figure 1, for example, block 10 ₁ ) contains the corresponding predetermined group of antennas 11 ₁ , ... 11 _N receiving, the first, second, third and fourth blocks, respectively, 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ , 12 ₃ and 12 _{4 the} formation of the first, second, third and fourth specified groups of survey beams (in FIG. .1, for example, block 12 ₁ ), containing:

- a given group of blocks 13 ₁ , ... 13 _N transfer frequency reception, consisting (in figure 1, for example, block 13 ₁ ) of a given group of phase shifters 14 ₁ , 14 ₂ , ... 14 _M reception, a given group of converters 15 ₁ , 15 ₂ , ... 15 _M reception frequencies and a given group of filters 16 ₁ , 16 ₂ , ... 16 _M reception,

- a given group of blocks 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ , ... 17 _M synthesis and detection of reception pulses,

- block 18 observation

- block 19 selection and measurement of time intervals,

and block 20 separation parameters airplane, comprising first and second inverters ₂₁ January and February _21, first and second adders ₂₂ January and 22 ₂ of the height, a third adder ₂₂ March first inclination angle, a fourth adder ₂₂ April second angle, third inverter 23, and fifth adder 24 warnings.

The node for the formation of reference and control voltages (Fig. 2) contains a multiplier 25 of the main reference frequency, a driver 26 of the pulses of the driving frequency, a clock frequency divider 27, a distribution control counter 28, a pulse distributor 29, a first predetermined group of blocks 30 ₁₁ , ... 30 _1N the synthesis of pulses of the original reference frequencies, the second given group of blocks 30 ₂₁ , ... 30 _{2N the} synthesis of pulses of the original reference frequencies and block 30 ₃₁ - a block of a given third group of blocks of synthesis of pulses of the original offset frequency (the first index is the specified group number, W the second index is the given number of the synthesized frequency in the corresponding group), the given group of blocks 31 ₁ , ... 3 _1N for synthesizing additional reference frequencies (in Fig. 2, for example, block 31 ₁ ), block 32 for synthesizing biasing frequencies, block 33 for generating radio pulses , the first, second and third blocks 34 ₁ , 34 ₂ and 34 ₃ offset reference frequencies (in figure 2, for example, block 34 ₁ ). Each synthesis unit for additional reference frequencies contains the first and second frequency dividers 35 ₁ and 35 ₂ , the first and second filters 36 ₁ and 36 ₂ , the frequency converter 37, the third filter 38, the pulse shaper 39, the third frequency divider 40, and the fourth filter 41. Block synthesis bias frequency contains the first and second frequency dividers 42 ₁ and 42 ₂ and the first and second filters 43 ₁ and 43 ₂ . The radio pulse generating unit comprises a pulse shaper 44 and a modulator 45. The first, second, and third reference frequency offset blocks contain the corresponding predetermined groups of frequency converters 46 ₁ , ... 46 _N.

The blocks for the synthesis and detection of reception pulses (Fig. 3) comprise an adder 47, a temporary automatic gain control unit 48, a detector 49, and a threshold unit 50.

The monitoring unit (Fig. 4) contains a distribution control counter 51, a pulse distributor 52, a predetermined key group 53 ₁ , 53 ₂ , ... 53 _N , a first signal adder 54, a first, second and third sawtooth voltage generators 55, 56 and 57 respectively, cyclic sweep, clock sweep and raster offset, the second adder 58 bias raster and the oscilloscope 59.

The block selection and the measurement time intervals (5) comprises an adder 60, the selection unit 61 a predetermined maximum amplitude, the first and second flip-flops 62 ₁ and 62 _2, the first and second blocks 63 ₁ and 63 ₂ delay, first and second integrators 64 ₁ and 64 ₂ and the first and second keys 65 ₁ and 65 ₂ .

In figure 1, in the node for the formation of reference and control voltages, position 66 is the input of the node and positions 67, 68 ₁ , ... 68 _{K = N} , 69 ₁ , ... 69 _N , 70 and 71 are respectively the output of a given radio pulse signal, a predetermined group of reference outputs of radiation, a given group of reference outputs of reception, a cyclic output and a clock output of a node for the formation of reference and control voltages.

In the radiation unit, the positions 72 and 73 ₁ , ... 73 _K are respectively the signal input and a given group of reference inputs of the radiation unit. In the radiation frequency transfer unit, the positions 74, 75 ₁ , ... 75 _K and 76 ₁ , ... 76 _K are respectively the signal input defined by the group of reference inputs and the specified output group of the radiation frequency transfer unit. In each radiation frequency converter, positions 77, 78 and 79 are respectively a signal input, a reference input and an output of a radiation frequency converter. In the signal rotation block, the positions 80 ₁ , ... 80 _K are a given group of signal inputs of the signal beam rotation block.

In the receiving node, the positions 81 ₁ , ... 81 _N , 82 and 83 are, respectively, a given group of reference reception inputs, an input of cyclic pulses and an input of clock pulses. Position 84 is the output of the height of the aircraft, positions 85 ₁ and 85 ₂ are respectively the outputs of the first and second angles of inclination of the aircraft, and position 86 is the warning output of the receiving unit and device.

In the block of the distribution of the line of sight, the positions 87 ₁ , ... 87 _N , 88 ₁ , ... 88 _N , 89 ₁ , ... 89 _N and 90 ₁ , ... 90 _N are the first, second, third and fourth groups outputs of the distribution block of the rays of the review. In each block of rotation of the line of sight, the positions 91 ₁ , ... 96 _N are a given group of outputs of the block.

In the first, second, third and fourth blocks of the formation of groups of survey lines, positions 92 ₁ , ... 92 _N , 93 ₁ , ... 93 _N , 94, 95, 96 and 97 are respectively a given group of reception signal inputs, given a group of reference reception inputs, a cyclic input, a clock input and the first and second outputs of the corresponding unit for the formation of groups of survey beams. In each reception frequency transfer unit, the positions 98, 99 and 100 ₁ , 100 ₂ , ... 100 _N are respectively a signal input, a reference input and a group of outputs of the reception frequency transfer unit. In each receive frequency converter, the positions 101, 102, and 103 are respectively a signal input, a reference input, and an output of a corresponding receive frequency transfer unit. In each block of synthesis and detection of reception pulses, positions 104 ₁ , ... 104 _N , 105 and 106 are respectively a group of signal inputs, a cyclic input and output of the corresponding block of synthesis and detection of reception pulses. In the monitoring unit, the positions 107 ₁ , 107 ₂ , ... 107 _N , 108 and 109 are, respectively, a group of signal inputs, a cyclic input and a clock input of the monitoring unit. In the block for selection and measurement of time intervals, the positions 110 ₁ , 110 ₂ , ... 110 _M , 111, 112, 113 and 114 are respectively a group of signal inputs, a loop input, a clock input, the first and second outputs of the block for selection and measurement of time intervals.

In the separation block of the flight parameters of the aircraft, the positions 115, 115 ₂ , 115 ₃ and 115 ₄ are the first, second, third and fourth inputs of altitude and the positions 116 ₁ , 116 ₂ , 116 ₃ and 116 ₄ are the first, second, third and fourth inputs angles of the unit for separating the flight parameters of the aircraft. Position 117 is the output of the height of the aircraft, positions 118 ₁ and 118 ₂ , respectively, by the outputs of the first and second angles of inclination of the aircraft and position 119, by the warning output of the separation unit for the flight parameters of the aircraft.

In the first and second height adders, the third and fourth adders, respectively, of the first and second inclination angles, positions 120, 121, and 122 are the first and second inputs and outputs, respectively, of the first and second height adders, the third and fourth adders of the first and second inclination angles, in the fifth warning adder positions 123, 124 and 125 are respectively the first and second inputs and outputs of the warning adder.

In the node for the formation of reference and control voltages (Fig. 2), in the frequency divider, positions 126, 127 and 128 are respectively a counting input, a reset input and an output of a frequency divider. In the distribution control counter, the positions 129, 130 and 131 ₁ , ... 131 _D (d = 1, ... D, D are the specified number of bits of the distribution control counter) are respectively a counting input, a reset input, and a given group of discharge outputs of this counter . In the pulse distributor, positions 132 ₁ , ... 132 _D are a given group of inputs, positions 133 ₁₁₁ , ... 133 _Е11 , ... 133 _11N , ... 133 _Ш1N , 133 ₁₂₁ , ... 133 _Э21 , ... 133 _12N , ... 133 _S2N , 133 ₁₃₁ , ... 133 _S1 (the first indices of the position e = 1, ... E, w = 1, ... W, e = 1, ... E, w = 1 , ... Yu, i = 1, ... I, where E, W, E, Yu, I are the given number of time samples of pulses of the corresponding five of their given groups, the second position indices are the numbers of the first, second and third given frequency groups , the third position index is the given numbers of the synthesized frequencies of the corresponding group) and 134 are respectively the specified intermediate outputs and and the final output of the pulse distributor. In the first and second predetermined groups of pulse synthesis blocks of the initial reference frequencies and the block of the specified third group of pulse synthesis blocks of the initial offset frequency, positions 135 ₁₁₁ , ... 135 _E11 , ... 135 _11N , ... 135 _Ш1N are the specified input groups of the corresponding blocks of the pulse synthesis of the original reference frequencies of the first group, positions 135 ₁₂₁ , ... 135 _E21 , ... 135 _12N , ... 135 _U2N are the specified input groups of the corresponding pulse synthesis blocks of the original reference frequencies of the second group and the positions 135 ₁₃₁ , ... 135 _I31 are a given group of inputs of the block of the third group s synthesis of pulses of the original offset frequency corresponding to the intermediate outputs of the pulse distributor. The positions 136 of the pulse synthesis blocks of the initial reference frequencies of the first and second groups and the pulse synthesis block of the initial offset frequency of the third group are the outputs of the corresponding blocks.

In each unit for synthesizing additional reference frequencies, the positions 137, 138, 139, 140, and 141 are respectively the first and second signal inputs, the cyclic input, and the first and second outputs of the corresponding unit for synthesizing additional reference frequencies. In the first and second frequency dividers, the positions 142, 143 and 144 are respectively the counting input, the reset input and the output of the corresponding frequency divider, in the frequency converter, the positions 145, 146 and 147 are the first and second inputs and the output of the frequency converter, in the third position frequency divider 148, 149 and 150 are respectively a counting input, a reset input and an output of a third frequency divider. In the bias frequency synthesis block, positions 151, 152 and 153 ₁ and 153 ₂ are respectively a signal input, a cyclic input, and first and second outputs; in the first and second frequency dividers, positions 154, 155, and 156 are respectively a counting input, a reset input, and an output of a block synthesis of biasing frequencies. In the block for generating radio pulses, positions 157, 158, and 159 are, respectively, a signal input, a cyclic input, and an output of a given radio pulse signal; in a modulator, positions 160, 161, and 162 are, respectively, the first and second inputs and output of the modulator.

In the first, second and third blocks of the reference frequency offset, the positions 163 ₁ , ... 163 _N , 164 and 165 ₁ , ... 165 _N are respectively a given group of signal inputs, a reference input and a given group of outputs, in the frequency converters of position 166, 167 and 168 are respectively the first and second inputs and outputs of the corresponding frequency converter.

In the blocks of synthesis and detection of reception pulses (Fig. 3), in the adder, the positions 169 ₁ , ... 169 _N and 170 are respectively a given group of inputs and the output of the adder, and in the block for temporary automatic gain control, the positions 171, 172 and 173 are respectively, a signal input, a cyclic input and an output of a temporary automatic gain control unit.

In the monitoring unit (Fig. 4), in the distribution control counter, positions 174, 175 and 176 ₁ , ... 176 _Ж (Ж = 1, ... Ж, Ж - the specified number of bits of the distribution control counter) are respectively a counting input , a reset input and a given group of discharge outputs of this counter. In the pulse distributor, positions 177 ₁ , ... 177 _Ж are respectively a given group of inputs of the pulse distributor, positions 178 ₁ , 178 ₂ , ... 178 _M and 179 are respectively specified intermediate outputs and the final output of the pulse distributor, in each key of position 180 , 181 and 182 are respectively the signal input controlling the input and output of the corresponding key, in the first adder of signals of the position 183 ₁ , 183 ₂ , ... 183 _M and 184 are respectively a given group of inputs and the output of the first adder of signals, in the second adder the raster offsets at 185, 186 and 187 are respectively the first and second inputs and outputs of the second raster offset adder, and in the oscilloscope, positions 188, 189 and 190 are respectively the brightness mark input, the vertical deviation input and the horizontal deviation input.

In the block for the selection and measurement of time intervals (Fig. 5), in the adder, positions 191 ₁ , 191 ₂ , ... 191 _M and 192 are respectively a given group of inputs and the output of the adder, in the first and second triggers positions 193, 194 and 195 are respectively the signal input, reset input and output of the first and second triggers, in the first and second integrators positions 196, 197 and 198 are respectively the signal input, reset input and output of the first and second integrators, in the first and second keys of position 199, 200 and 201 are respectively a signal input, control vlyayuschim input and output of the first and second keys.

In figure 6, the positions 202 ₁ , ... 202 _K are radiation antennas (e.g., slotted), the positions 203 ₁ , ... 203 _N , 204 ₁ , ... 204 _N , 205 ₁ , ... 205 _N and 206 ₁ ... 206 _N are receiving antennas (for example, slotted), position 207 is a given ruler of a given group of radiation antennas on a given segment of a given first straight line of antenna location, positions 208 ₁ and 208 ₂ are first and second given rulers of the first and second given groups of receiving antennas on the corresponding given segments of a given first straight line of the location of the antennas, positions 208 ₃ and 208 ₄ are the third and h fourth of the predetermined rulers of the third and fourth groups of reception antennas on the corresponding predetermined segments of a given second straight line of antenna location. Position 209 is a predetermined center of radiation О _И (the starting point for the location of radiation antennas), position 210 is a given center of reception О _П , which coincides with the centers О _Pl1 , О _Pl2 , О _Pl3 and О _{Pl4 of the} corresponding lines of the receiving antennas (the starting points of the location of the lines of the receiving antennas ), position 211 is the predetermined longitudinal axis О _П X of _the aircraft coordinate system _itself and the predetermined first straight antenna alignment line combined with it, position 212 is the predetermined transverse axis О _П Y of _the aircraft coordinate system, located in the plane the wings of the aircraft, position 213 is the predetermined second straight antenna line.

In the graph of FIG. 7, position 214 is a predetermined center O of a given angular affinity orthogonal coordinate system with which a predetermined center of radiation O _AND (the starting point of the location of the radiation antennas) and a given center of reception O _P (the starting point of the location of the receiving antennas) are aligned. Positions 215 and 216 are the horizontal axis OX and the vertical axis OY of the graph, positions 217 ₁ and 217 ₂ are the first and second predetermined angular boundaries of the rotation (swing) zone of the signal beam and the viewing rays, positions 218 ₁ and 218 ₂ are the first and second preset angular the boundaries of the zone of effective formation of the signal beam and the viewing rays, position 219 is the predetermined range of propagation of the compressed signal beam, positions 220 ₁ and 220 ₂ are the specified first and second angular boundaries of the signal beam, positions 221 ₁ , ... 221 _M is the specified group discrete ”compressed lu signal, at positions 222 ₁ , ... 222 _M and 223 ₁ , ... 223 _M are the specified first and second groups of line of sight, position 224 is the first “discrete” of the first beam from the first group of line of sight, position 225 is the first “ discrete ”of the first ray from the second group of survey rays, positions 226, 227 and 228 are the second, third and fourth“ discs ”of the third ray of the first group of survey rays, positions 229 and 230 are the third“ discretes ”of the first and third survey rays, positions 231, 232, 233 and 234 - the first, second, third and fourth points of location on the graph of the specified external ground objects such as are for.

In figure 1, the nodes and blocks are connected as follows. The input 66 of node 2 is connected to the output of the master oscillator 1. At node 3, the inputs of 77 groups of converters 6 ₁ , ... 6 _K of the radiation frequency are interconnected, forming an input 74 of block 5 and an input 72 of node 3, and connected to the output 67 of node 2 , inputs 78 - are a group of inputs 75 ₁ ... 75 _{K of} block 5 and, respectively, a group of inputs 73 ₁ , ... 73 _{K of} node 3 and are connected respectively to a group of outputs 68 ₁ , ... 68 _{K = N of} node 2, and outputs 79 are a group of outputs 76 ₁ , ... 76 _{K of} block 5 and are connected respectively to the inputs of the antennas 8 ₁ , ... 8 _{K of} radiation of block 7, which are a group of inputs 80 ₁ , ... 80 _{K of} block 7. In node 4 inputs 10 1 group of converters 15 ₁ , 15 ₂ , ... 15 _M receive frequencies are interconnected, forming the input 98 of the block 13 ₁ and the input 92 _{1 of the} block 12 ₁ , and are connected to the output of the antenna 11 _{1 of the} reception, which is the output 91 _{1 of the} block 10 ₁ and the output 87 _{1 of} block 9, the inputs 102 are connected respectively to the outputs of the phase shifters 14 ₁ , 14 ₂ , ... 14 _{M of the} reception and the outputs 103 are connected respectively to the inputs of the filters 16 ₁ , 16 ₂ , ... 16 _{M of the} block 13 ₁ . The inputs 98 of the group of blocks 13 ₂ , ... 13 _N are the group of inputs 92 ₂ , ... 92 _{N of the} block 12 ₁ and are connected respectively to the outputs of the group of antennas 11 ₂ , ... 11 _{n of the} reception, which are the outputs 91 ₂ , .. .91 _{N of} block 10 ₁ and outputs 87 ₂ , ... 87 _{N of} block 9. Inputs 92 ₁ , ... 92 _{N of} blocks 12 ₂ , 12 ₃ and 12 _{4 are} connected respectively to outputs 91 ₁ , ... 91 _{N of} blocks 10 ₂ , 10 ₃ and 10 ₄ , which are outputs 88 ₁ , ... 88 _N , 89 ₁ , ... 89 _N , 90 ₁ , ... 90 _N block 9. The inputs of the group of phase shifters 14 ₁ , 14 ₂ ,. ..14 _M reception unit 13 ₁ are interconnected to form the input unit 13 99 _{1 1} 93 and input unit 12 ₁ are connected to inputs of units 12 _1, 93 _2, 12 ₃ and 12 _4, 81 ₁ forming the input node 4, and Ser Nena yield ₁ 69 2. Input node 99 of the block group 13 _2, ... 13 _N are a group of inputs 93 _2, .... 93 _N unit 12 ₁ and connected respectively to the inputs 93 _2, ... 93 _N blocks 12 ₂ , 12 ₃ and 12 ₄ , forming a group of inputs 81 ₂ , ... 81 _{N of} node 4, and connected respectively to a group of outputs 69 ₂ , ... 69 _{N of} node 2. Inputs 104 _{1 of a} group of blocks 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ , ... 17 _{N are} connected respectively to the outputs of the filter group 16 ₁ , 16 ₂ , ... 16 _M , which are the group of outputs 100 ₁ , 100 ₂ , ... 100 _{M of the} block 13 ₁ , inputs 104 ₂ , ... 104 _N groups of blocks 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ , ... 17 _{M are} connected respectively to the outputs 100 ₁ , 100 ₂ , ... 100 _{M of the} corresponding blocks 13 ₂ , ... 13 _N. The inputs of 105 blocks 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ , ... 17 _M are interconnected, with the input 108 of block 18 and with the input 111 of block 19, forming the input 94 of block 12 ₁ , and connected to the inputs of 94 blocks 12 ₂ , 12 ₃ and 12 ₄ , forming the input 82 of the node 4, and connected to the output 70 of the node 2. The input 109 of the block 18 and the input 112 of the block 19 are connected to each other, forming the input 95 of the block 12 ₁ , and connected to the inputs of 95 blocks 12 ₂ , 12 ₃ and 12 ₄ forming the input 83 of node 4, and connected to the output 71 of node 2. The group of inputs 107 ₁ , 107 ₂ , ... 107 _{M of} block 18 and the group of inputs 110 ₁ , 110 ₂ , ... 110 _{N of} block 19 are connected respectively and with outputs 106 groups of blocks 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ , ... 17 _M. The output 113 of the block 19 is the output 96 of the block 12 ₁ and is connected to the first input 120 of the first adder 22 _{1 of the} height, which is the input 115 _{1 of the} block 20. The output 96 of the block 12 _{2 is} connected to the second input 121 of the first adder 22 _{1 of the} height, which is the input 115 _{2 of the} block 20. The output 96 of block 12 _{3 is} connected to the first input 120 of the second adder 22 _{2 of the} height, which is the input 115 _{3 of the} block 20. The output 96 of block 12 _{4 is} connected to the second input 121 of the second adder 22 _{2 of the} height, which is the input 115 _{4 of} block 20. Output 114 block 19 is the output 97 of block 12 ₁ and is connected to the first input 120 of the third adder 22 _{3 of the} first corner and the slope, which is the input 116 _{1 of the} block 20. The output 97 of the block 12 _{2 is} connected to the input of the first inverter 21 ₁ , the input 116 _{2 of the} block 20, the output of the first inverter 21 _{1 is} connected to the second input 121 of the adder 22 _{3 of the} first angle. The output 97 of block 12 _{3 is} connected to the first input 120 of the fourth adder 22 _{4 of the} second angle of inclination, which is the input 116 _{3 of} block 20. The output 97 of block 12 _{4 is} connected to the input of the second inverter 21 ₂ , which is the input 116 _{4 of} block 20, the output of the second inverter 21 ₂ connected to the second input 121 of the fourth adder 22 _{4 of the} second angle of inclination. The output 122 of the first adder 22 ₁ height is the corresponding output 117 of the block 20, the output 84 of the receiving unit 4 and the device and is connected to the first input 123 of the fifth adder 24 warning. The output 122 of the second adder 22 ₂ height is connected to the input of the third inverter 23, the output of the third inverter 23 is connected to the second input 124 of the fifth adder 24 warning. The output 122 of the third adder 22 _{3 of the} first tilt angle is the corresponding output 118 _{1 of the} block 20 and the output 85 _{1 of} the receiving unit 4 and the device, the output 122 of the adder 22 _{4 of the} second tilt angle is the corresponding output 118 _{2 of the} block 20 and the output 85 _{2 of} the receiving unit 4 , the output 125 of the fifth warning adder 24 is the corresponding output 119 of the block 20 and the output 86 of the receiving unit 4 and the device.

In figure 2 (node 2), the blocks are connected as follows. The input of the multiplier 25 of the main reference frequency and the input of the driver 26 of the pulses of the driving frequency are interconnected and are the input 66 of the node 2 for the formation of the reference and control voltages. The counting input 126 of the clock divider 27 and the counting input 129 of the counter 28 distribution control are interconnected and with the output of the first driver 26 pulses of the driving frequency. The output of the clock divider 27 is the clock output 71 of the node 2. In the pulse distributor 29, a given group of inputs 132 ₁ , ... 132 _{D is} connected respectively to a given group of outputs 131 ₁ , ... 131 _D of the distribution control counter 28, a given final output 134 connected to the reset input 130 of the distribution control counter 28, with the reset input 127 of the clock divider 27, with the loop inputs 139 of the block group 31 ₁ , ... 31 _N and thereby with the reset inputs 143 of the first and second dividers 35 ₁ and interconnected 35 ₂ and the frequency of the reset input 149 of the third d divisor 40 frequency unit 31 ₁ is coupled to the cyclic input 152 block 32 and thus with the interconnected inputs 155 reset the first and second dividers 42 ₁ and 42 ₂ the block frequency 32, with the cyclic inlet 158 block 33 and thereby to the input of driver 44 pulses, forming a cyclic output of 70 node 2. In the first and second groups of the given pulse synthesis blocks of the original reference frequencies and the given block of the third pulse synthesis group of the initial offset frequency, the inputs 135 ₁₁₁ , ... 135 _E11 , ... 135 _11N , ... 135 _SH1N respective blocks 30, ₁₁ 30 ... _1N, inputs 135 _{121, E21} ... 135, 135 ... _12N, ... 135 respectively _YU2N Enikeev 30 blocks _21, 30, ... _2N inputs 135 and _131, 135 ... 30 _YA31 unit ₃₁ are connected to respective preset intermediate 133 outputs _111, 133 ... _E11, ... 133 _11N, ... 133 _SH1N, 133 ₁₂₁ , ... 133 _E21 , ... 133 _12N , ... 133 _U2N , 133 ₁₃₁ , ... 133 _{Y31 of} the 29 pulse distributor. In block 31 _{1, the} inputs 142 of the first and second frequency dividers 35 ₁ and 35 ₂ , which are the first and second inputs 137 and 138 of block 31 ₁ , respectively, are connected to the outputs 136 of blocks 30 ₁₁ and 30 _21, respectively. The outputs 144 of the first and second frequency dividers 35 ₁ and 35 ₂ are connected respectively to the inputs of the first and second filters 36 ₁ and 36 ₂ . The first and second inputs 145 and 146 and the output 147 of the frequency converter 37 are connected respectively to the outputs of the first and second filters 36 ₁ and 36 ₂ and to the input of the third filter 38. The output of the filter 38 is connected to the input of the pulse shaper 39 and is the output 140 of the block 31 ₁ . The input 148 of the third frequency divider 40 is connected to the output of the pulse shaper 39, and the output 150 is connected to the input of the fourth filter 41, the output of which is the output 141 of the block 31 ₁ . In blocks 31 ₂ , ... 31 _{N, the} inputs 137 are connected to the outputs 136 of the blocks 30 ₁₂ , ... 30 _1N , respectively, and the inputs 138 are connected to the outputs 136 of the blocks 30 ₂₂ , ... 30 _2N , respectively. In block 32, the counting inputs 154 of the first and second frequency dividers 42 ₁ and 42 ₂ are connected to each other, forming the input 151 of block 32, and connected to the output 136 of block 30 ₃₁ . The inputs of the first and second filters 43 ₁ and 43 _{2 are} connected respectively to the outputs 156 of the first and second frequency dividers 42 ₁ and 42 ₂ and the outputs of these filters are respectively the first and second outputs 153 ₁ and 153 _{2 of} block 32. In block 33, the input 158 of the pulse shaper is the cyclic input of block 33, the first input 160 of modulator 45 is the signal input 157 of block 33 and is connected to the output of the filter 43 ₁ and thereby with the output 153 _{1 of} block 32, the second input 161 of the modulator 45 is connected to the output of the pulse shaper 44 and the output 162 is the output 159 blocks 33 and output 67 set of the second radio pulse signal of node 2. In block 34 _1, inputs 166 of a group of frequency converters 46 ₁ , ... 46 _N , which are a group of inputs 163 ₁ , ... 163 _{N of} block 34 ₁ , are connected respectively to outputs 140 of a group of blocks 31 ₁ ,. ..31 _N and thus with the output of the third filter 38 of block 31 ₁ , the inputs 167 are connected to each other, forming the input 164 of block 34 ₁ , connected to the input 164 of block 34 ₃ and connected to the output of the multiplier 25 of the main reference frequency. The outputs 168 of the group of converters 46 ₁ , ... 46 _N frequency, forming a group of outputs 165 ₁ , ... 165 _N block 34 ₁ , are a given group of reference outputs 69 ₁ , ... 69 _N receiving node 2. In block 34 ₂ the group of inputs 163 ₁ , ... 163 _{N of the} block 34 _{2 is} connected to the outputs 141 of the group of blocks 31 ₁ , ... 31 _N , respectively, and thereby with the output of the fourth filter 41 of the block 31 ₁ , the input 164 is connected to the output of the second filter 43 _{2 of the} block 32 and thus with the output 153 _{2 of} block 32. In block 34 _{2, the} group of inputs 163 ₁ , ... 163 _{N of} block 34 _{3 is} connected respectively to the group of outputs 165 ₁ , ... 165 _{N of} block 342 and the group of outputs 165 ₁ ,. ..165 _N block 34 ₃ is with a given group of reference outputs 68 ₁ , ... 68 _{K = N of the} radiation of node 2.

In figure 3 (in blocks 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ , ... 17 _M ), the blocks are connected as follows. The inputs 169 ₁ , ... 169 _{N of the} adder 47 are inputs 104 ₁ , ... 104 _{N of the} corresponding block of synthesis and detection of reception pulses. The input 171 of the automatic temporal gain control unit 48 is a signal input and connected to the output 170 of the adder 47, and the input 172 is a loop input 105 of the blocks 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ , ... 17 _M , and the output 173 is connected to the input of the detector 49. The threshold input block 50 is connected to the output of the detector 49 and the output is the output 106 of the corresponding block of synthesis and detection of reception pulses.

In figure 4 (in block 18), the blocks are connected as follows. The input of the clock-shaped sawtooth voltage generator 56 is the clock input 109 of the block 18, and the output is connected to the input 190 of the oscilloscope 59. The counting input 174 of the distribution control counter 51 and the input of the cycle-shaped sawtooth voltage generator 55 are connected to each other and are the cycle input 108 of the block 18. Input 175 reset counter distribution control is connected to the input of the shaper 57 sawtooth bias voltage of the raster and the final output 179 of the distributor 52 pulses, and a given group of 176 ₁ , ... 176 _W outputs ra the rows of the counter 51 distribution control is connected respectively with a given group of inputs 177 ₁ , ... 177 _{W of the} distributor 52 pulses. In a given group of keys 53 ₁ , 53 ₂ , ... 53 _{M, the} signal inputs 180 of these keys are a given group of signal inputs 107 ₁ , 107 ₂ , ... 107 _{M of} block 18, the control inputs 181 are connected respectively to the specified intermediate outputs 178 ₁ , 178 ₂ , ... 178 _{M of} the pulse distributor, and outputs 182 with the corresponding given inputs 183 ₁ , 183 ₂ , ... 183 _{M of the} first adder 54, the output 184 of the first adder is connected to the input 188 of the oscilloscope 59. In the second adder 58 the first input 185, the second input 186 and the output 187 are connected respectively to the output of the sawtooth voltage shaper 55 cyclic scan, with the output of the shaper 57 sawtooth bias voltage of the raster and with the input 189 of the oscilloscope 59.

In figure 5 (in block 19), the blocks are connected as follows. A given group of inputs 191 ₁ , 191 ₂ , ... 191 _{M of the} adder 60 is a predetermined group of inputs 110 ₁ , 110 ₂ , ... 110 _{M of the} block 19, and the output 192 is connected to the input of the block 61 of the selection of the specified maximum amplitude. The inputs 193 of the triggers 62 ₁ and 62 ₂ are interconnected and with the output of the block 61. The input 194 of the trigger 62 ₁ , the inputs of the blocks 63 ₁ and 63 _{2 of the} delay and the inputs of 200 keys 65 ₁ and 65 ₂ are interconnected and are the cyclic input 111 of the block 19 The input 194 of the trigger 62 ₂ is the clock input 112 of the block 19. The inputs 196 of the first and second integrators 64 ₁ and 64 _{2 are} connected respectively with the outputs 195 of the first and second triggers 62 ₁ and 62 ₂ , the inputs 197 are with the outputs of the blocks 63 ₁ and 63, respectively ₂ delay, and outputs - to the inputs 199, respectively keys 65 ₁ and 65 _2, the outputs 201 of keys 65 ₁ and 65 ₂ are respectively vyho s 113 and 114 block 19.

The specific implementation of the device blocks is determined by the used elemental base, for example:

- as the master generator 1, a generator is used [3, p.137-141],

- as converters 6 ₁ , ... 6 _K radiation frequency - [3, p.124-129],

- as antennas 8 ₁ , ... 8 _K radiation and antennas 11 ₁ , ... 11 _n reception - slot antennas [4, p.346-366],

- as phase shifters 14 ₁ , 14 ₂ , ... 14 _M reception - elements of phase shifts [4, p. 478 ... 486],

- as converters 15 ₁ , 15 ₂ , ... 15 _M carrier frequency - frequency converters [3, p.110-115],

- as filters 16 ₁ , 16 ₂ , ... 16 _m reception - band-pass filters [3, p.115-123],

- as inverters 21 ₁ , 21 ₂ , 23 - inverters [5, p.105-108],

- as the corresponding adders 22 ₁ , 22 ₂ , 22 ₃ , 22 ₄ , 24, 47, 54, 58, 60 - adders [5, p.105-108],

- as a multiplier 23 of the main reference frequency is a frequency multiplier [3, p.141-145],

- as the corresponding shapers 26, 39, 44 pulses - pulse shapers [6, p.243-295],

- as dividers 27, 35 ₁ , 35 ₂ , 40, 42 ₁ , 42 ₂ frequencies - frequency dividers [7, p.137-142],

- as counters 28, 51 - pulse counters [6, p.456-480],

- as distributors 29, 52 pulses - pulse distributors [6, S. 482-484],

- as blocks 30 ₁₁ , ... 30 _1N , 30 ₂₁ , ... 30 _2N and 30 _{31 of the} synthesis of pulse sequences - logical elements [6, p.207-218],

- as filters 36 ₁ , 36 ₂ , 38, 41, 43 ₁ and 43 ₂ - band-pass filters [8, p. 42-58],

- as a frequency converter 37 - a frequency converter [8, p. 33-42],

- as a modulator 45 - a modulator [9, p.67-102],

- as a block 48 temporary automatic gain control - a device for temporary automatic gain control [8, p. 98-100],

- as a detector 49, a detector [8, p. 59-62],

- as a threshold block 50 - threshold amplitude selector [6, p. 505-509],

- as shapers 55, 56 and 57 sawtooth stresses - sawtooth shapers [6, p.422-442],

- as an oscilloscope 59 - an oscilloscope of the type IO - 4 (with inputs to vertically and horizontally deflecting plates and with an input for brightness marks),

- as block 61 selection of a given maximum amplitude - the maximum amplitude selector [6, p. 505-509],

- as triggers 62 ₁ and 62 ₂ - triggers [6, p.268-285],

- as blocks 63 ₁ and 63 ₂ delays - drivers of delayed pulses [6, p.243-259],

- as integrators 64 ₁ and 64 ₂ are analog integrators with reset [5, p.121-122],

- as keys 65 ₁ and 65 ₂ - analog keys [5, p.205-208].

The device in figure 1 works as follows.

The master oscillator 1 and node 2 are a common part of the device, nodes 3 and 4, respectively, of the radiating and receiving parts (sides) of the device.

In the master oscillator 1, a predetermined voltage u _sg (t) is generated:

u _zg (t) = cos ((2π f _zg (tt ₀ ) -φ _zg ),

t, t ₀ , f _sg , φ _sg - current time, the beginning of the observation, a given reference frequency and a given initial phase.

For tt ₀ = 0, φ _zg = 0, and for t> t ₀ we have u _zg (t) = cos (2π f _zg (t)).

In node 2 (figure 2) from the voltage U _sg (t) the following voltages are formed:

- at the output 67, a predetermined initial radio-pulse signal is formed u _Ишх (t):

u _Ix (t) = cos ((2π f _Ix t) -φ _Ix ) for 0 <t <T _Ix ,

u _Jesus (t) = 0 for t <0, t> T _Jesus ,

f _Iish , φ _Iseh and T _Iseh - given initial frequency, initial phase and duration of the initial radio pulse signal;

- at the outputs 68 ₁ , ... 68 _K for given K, for example, K = N, frequency channels, a given group of reference radiation voltages u _Iopk (t), k = 1, ... K: is formed:

u _Iopk (t) = cos (2π (f _Iopnach + kf _Iopsh ) t- (φ _Iopnach + kφ _Iopsh )), k = 1, ... K,

f _Iopss = f _Iopnach + (Kf _Iopsh ) / 2, T _Iopsh = 1 / f _Iopsh ,

f _Iopnach , f _Iopsh , f _Iopsr , φ _Iopnach , φ _Iopsh and T _Iopsh - given reference initial radiation frequency, reference frequency radiation step, average reference radiation frequency, reference initial radiation phase, reference phase radiation step and period of the radiation reference frequency step;

- at the outputs 69 ₁ , ... 69 _N for a given N (for example, N = K) frequency channels, a given group of reference voltage is received u _Ponn (t), n = 1, ... N:

u _Iopn (t) = cos (2π (f _Iopnach + kf _Iopsh ) t- (φ _Iopnach + kφ _Iopsh )), n = 1, ... N,

f _Popsr = f _Popnos + (f _Pops N) / 2, T _Pops = 1 / f _Pops ,

f _Primary , f _Popsh , f _Popp , φ _Popn , φ _Popsh and T _Popsh - the specified reference starting receive frequency, reference receiving frequency step, average receiving reference frequency, reference starting receiving phase, reference receiving phase step and the receiving step frequency reference period;

- at the output 70, a control voltage is generated in the form of a sequence of cyclic radiation pulses u _Its (t):

I_ц=1,...L_ц, T_Иц=1/f_Иопш=T_Иопш,

I _C = 1, ... L _C , T _Itz = 1 / f _Iopsh = T _Iopsh ,

u _unit (t) = 1 for 0 <t <T _unit , u _unit (t) = 0 for t <0, t> T _unit ,

u _U (t), T _units - the elementary unit specified pulse amplitude and its duration given elementary example T _U = T _itz / (N ^2);

L _q and T _itz - a predetermined number of cycle of pulses and the predetermined duration of the period of cycle of pulses which is equal to the period of a predetermined reference frequency radiation step,

- at the output 71, a sequence of clock pulses u _t (t) is formed:

I _t = 1, ... L _t , T _Fri = 1 / f _Popsh = T _Popsh = T _Its / N,

L _t and T _Fri - a given number of clock pulses and a given duration of the period of clock pulses.

In node 3, in a given group of converters 6 ₁ , ... 6 _K, the radiation frequency of block 5 forms a given group of frequency components s _Ik (t), k = 1, ... K, of the emitted signal:

s _Ik (t) = A _And b _I (t) cos (2π f _Ik t-φ _Ik ) = A _And b _I (t) cos ((2π (f _Iisk + f _Iopnach + kf _Iopsh ) t-φ _Iisk - φ _Iopnach -kφ _Iopsh ) = A _And b _And (t) cos ((2π f _Iisl (t- (φ _Isl / (2π f _Isl )) + 2π kf _Iopsh (t-φ _Iopsh / (2π f _Iopsh ))) , k = 1, ... K,

b _AND (t) = 1 for 0 <t <T _IC , b _and (t) = 0 for t <0 and t> T _IC ,

f _Yisl = f _Josh + f _Yapnach , φ _Yisl = φ _Yosh + φ _Iapnach ,

f _IR and φ _IR - a given carrier frequency and a given phase of the k-th frequency component of the radiation signal,

And _And , _{And And} (t), f _Yisl and φ _Yisl - the given amplitude, the given amplitude modulation coefficient, the given reference frequency and the given reference phase of components of a radiation signal.

The voltage of the components of the radiation signals s _Ik (t), k = 1, ... K, at the corresponding carrier frequencies f _Ik, respectively, are applied to a given group of radiation antennas 8 ₁ , ... 8 _K , k = 1, ... K, (for example, slotted) unit 7, and they excite and emit electromagnetic waves of the components of the spatial beam of the signal at the corresponding wavelengths λ _Ik = C / f _Ik , k = 1, ... K, (λ _Iizl = C / f _Iizl - given reference wavelength of the radiation signal), C = 300000000 m / s - the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves. A given group of reference frequencies determines the average frequency f _{Иsp of the} spectrum of the emitted signal (average carrier frequency of the signal beam) f _Ир = f _Ишх + f _Иopnach + (f _Иопш К) / 2 and the average wavelength λ _{Ир of the} emitted signal, λ _Ир = С / f _Iss . The antennas of a given group of radiation antennas are evenly distributed on a given radiation segment of a given first straight line, forming a predetermined "line of radiation antennas", for example, coinciding with the axis of the fuselage, and are removed from a given center of radiation O _and at distances kr _Ia , k = 1, .. .K, with a given step r _Ia = λ _Isl / 2 (example 1, Fig.6). To describe the operation of the device, the concept of a given elementary “temporary discrete” T _{D is used} , for example, T _D = T _u , during which the amplitudes and phases of the radio pulses are considered constant given quantities - “instantaneous” amplitudes and phases of the temporal sampling of the frequency components of the signal, signal beam and given Beam groups. For identical instantaneous phases of the given frequency components of the signal (the condition for their “instantaneous phase matching” is fulfilled), the amplitude of the total signal is equal to the sum of the amplitudes of its frequency components. For a given direction of radiation, the condition of “compression _co -phase” is used, which is fulfilled on a given part T _{Ij of the} duration of the pulse components of the signal beam, for example, in the time interval T _Ij = T _Itz / K = 1 / (Kf _Iopsh ), on which the amplitude of the total (synthesized , compressed) pulse of the signal beam is not less than a given value equal, for example, to half the sum of the amplitudes of its frequency components. For a given instant of signal emission time, the condition of “beam in phase” is used, which is fulfilled within a given angle (beam width) f _Iluch , for example, in the angular limits f _Iluch = 2π / K, at which the amplitude of the total (synthesized, compressed) pulse of the signal beam does not less than a given value equal, for example, to half the sum of the amplitudes of its frequency components. The specified parameters of the line of sight are used within the specified time interval _{TIeff of the} compression efficiency of the line of sight, within which the condition of “in-phase compression” is satisfied, and within the specified spatial sector _{φIeff of the} efficiency of the formation of line of sight, within which the condition of “line-in-phase” is fulfilled ( e.g., in the range T = T _{itz IEF} and _IEF f = 2π / 3, the amplitude of the corresponding pulse beam synthesized signal is not less than the predetermined allowable value of, for example, half the sum amplitudes of the frequency components of this pulsed signal beam). A signal beam is formed by a given line of radiation antennas by means of the antennas of this line emitting corresponding frequency components of the signal with multiple frequency differences and multiple time shifts and summing in space these components. Conditions "in phase compression" and "beam in phase" are performed for a given group of destinations in the space during a time interval T _COLI = T _itz / K = 1 / (Kf _Iopsh) Kf _Iopsh - the spectral width of the path signal in the space, wherein the beam signal formed (synthesized) as a compressed sequence of pulses with a repetition period T _itz duration T = T _{COLI itz} / K and with an angular width in the space _Iluch f = 2π / K. Each of the synthesized pulses of the signal beam in the description of the operation of the device (example 3, Fig. 7) is discretized in time — it is represented by a given group of temporary (partial) “samples” (slices) of duration T _d of the signal beam. These partial “discretes” of the signal beam (with the angular coordinate width f _{И ill} = 2π / К) are formed by sequentially rotating in space (“broadband-scanned”) due to a change in the conditions of “compression in-phase” and “radial in-phase” components (due to an increase in the given instantaneous difference phases at regular moments of their radiation) and thereby rotating with a given frequency F _Ivr = f _Iopsh rotation and with a period T _Ivr = 1 / F _Ivr = T _Itz . The rotation of the signal beam occurs from a given zero direction of the beam to a given joint angle φ _{Iaz of the} inclination of the line of radiation antennas, determined by the pitch angle and the angle of the plane of the plane — the angle between the normal to the line of radiation antennas and the normal to the ground in the vertical plane of propagation of the signal beam (passing through the line of antennas radiation and normal to the ground). The “discrepancies” of the signal beam on the vertical plane of propagation of the given signal beam in a given polar coordinate system are located on a spiral and expanding strip (on a “sector-spiral” signal beam) and in a given orthogonal angle-range coordinate system (example 3, Fig. 7) are located on an inclined strip with parallel boundaries (“ribbon” signal beam). The characteristic parameters of the “tape” signal beam are:

- the angle f _Itz rotation of the signal beam during the time T _Itz , f _Itz = F _Ivr T _Itz = 2π,

- f _COLI rotation angle signal beam in time T _{COLI COLI} f = F _{Ivre COLI} T = 2π / K = f _itz / K.

When measuring the parameters of the same signal beam in a lateral vertical plane of propagation, for example, passing along the line of location of the third and fourth lines of receiving antennas, at a given angle f _side3 to the line of radiation antennas and through the normal to the ground (in example 1, _Fig.6 f _side3 = π / 4), all time (range) and angular dimensions of the “discrete” of the signal beam increase by 1 / (sosf _side3 ) = sesf _side3 times (in example 1, Fig.6 - 1.4 times). With the given initial pitch angles _tang f and f _cr roll plane and a predetermined line radiation structurally placing antennas on aircraft (in Example 1, 6 - at the predetermined first straight lines) corresponding to the partial "discrete unit" signal beam are sequentially formed with respective rotation angles space, from a predetermined direction to a predetermined zero joint angle _IAP f (f = f _{tang IAP)} tilting line radiation antennas (independent of the roll angle f _cr - angle of rotation around the axis of the aircraft fuselage) and Correspondingly vuyuschey this angle f _IAP "corner" time delay beam signal _IAP T, T = f _{IAP IAP} / 2π F _Ivre. After a delay by the time T _{Iaz, the} signal beam propagates to the ground during the time T _Ig , T _ИR = R _И / С, R _и is the airplane’s flight height, measured normal to the earth from the center О _{And of the} given line of radiation antennas, forming a “spot” on the ground reflection. ” The total time T of the _total delay of the signal beam from the start of radiation to a given moment of reaching the earth T _total = R _I / C + f _Iaz / (2π F _Ivr ). Twice during the period T = T _{itz Iopsh} instantaneous phase components of the radiated signal frequencies are multiples of the same and π. At the moments of in-phase summation of the positive half-waves of these components, a beam of a signal of positive polarity is formed, which coincides in space with the normal to the line of radiation antennas and further rotates in space in the range from - π / 2 to + π / 2. At the moments of in-phase summation of the negative half-waves of these components, a beam of a signal of negative polarity is formed, which coincides in space with the normal to the line of radiation antennas and further rotates in space in the range from + π / 2 to -π / 2 in the opposite (mirror) direction. At temporary shifts of these components by a quarter of the period from the moments of the formation of the signal beam (and thus, when the signal in the space of the beam deviates by π / 2 from the normal to the line of radiation antennas), the amplitude of the signal beam becomes equal to zero. Note that the presence of a negative signal beam after a positive signal exactly after half the cycle frequency period is useful for observing signals, for example, on an oscilloscope of the observation unit 18, since the presence of a mirror image allows you to set the scale of the observation frame and does not affect the measurement of time intervals (for example, from a positive pulse the maximum amplitude applied to the launch of the first and second triggers in block 19 selection, and measuring time intervals to the next, respectively, cycle and st resetting these triggers). The signals from the “reflection spot” on the ground “are surveyed” - they arrive at the receiving side in accordance with the parameters of the “viewing lines” of the corresponding “receiving antenna lines” (example 1, Fig. 6) with a carrier average frequency f _Psp of the viewing beam, f _Psr = f _Isr , with a time delay T _PR = T _ИR = R _П / С propagation from the earth to the center О _{П of the} receiver antenna lines. The survey rays are formed in block 9, which performs a given distribution in the space of the specified groups of rotating survey rays. Block 9 contains the specified first, second, third and fourth specified “line of receiving antennas” 10 ₁ , 10 _2, 10 ₃ and 10 ₄ , consisting of the corresponding identical given groups of antennas 11 ₁ , ... 11 _N , n = 1 ,. ..N, reception (e.g. slotted). Antennas 11 ₁ , ... 11 _N , n = 1, ... N, receiving lines 10 ₁ and 10 _{2 are} evenly distributed respectively on the first and second given receiving segments of the first given straight line and are removed from the corresponding given centers O _Pl1 and O _PL2 reception at distances nr _Pa , n = 1, ... N, with a given step r _Pa = λ _Psr / 2, λ _Psp = C / f _Psp , and due to f _Psp = f _Ssp, we have λ _Psr = λ _Ut . Antennas 11 ₁ , ... 11 _N , n = 1, ... N, receiving lines 10 ₃ and 10 _{4 are} evenly distributed respectively on the third and fourth given receiving segments of the second predetermined straight line (in the rotated side vertical plane) and are removed from of the corresponding given centers O _Pl3 and O _{Pl4 of} reception at a distance of nr _Pa , n = 1, .... N, with a given step r _Pa = λ _Psr / 2, λ _Psp = C / f _Psp , and as a result of f _Psr = f _Usr we have λ _Psr = λ _Isr . The specified locations of the lines of the receiving antennas relative to a given line of radiation antennas are determined in accordance with the technical and analytical tasks being solved. For example, in the example (in the example of setting the device parameters) and in example 3 (the example of a graphic description of the operation of the device), the centers O _Pl1 , O _Pl2 , O _Pl3 and O _{Pl4 of the} receiving antenna lines are combined in a common predetermined reception center O _P remote at a given distance r _Ip from a given center O _{And the} line of radiation antennas (for example, r _PI = 2.75Nr _Pa ). In example 2 (in the example of an analytical description of the operation of the device), the centers O _Pl1 , O _Pl2 , O _Pl3 and O _{Pl4 of the} receiving antenna lines and the center _And the radiation antenna lines are combined in a common predetermined reception center O _P. In each of the blocks 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ , 12 ₃ and 12 ₄ (and thus in the block 12 _{1 of} FIG. 1), the conversion of the given frequency f _Pcp and the given phases is carried out, corresponding to the delays of the received signal in the corresponding lines of the receiving antennas. These conversions of a given frequency and given phases are carried out in blocks 13 ₁ , ... 13 _N (and thus in block 13 _{1 of} FIG. 1) using a given group of phase shifters 14 ₁ , 14 ₂ , ... 14 _M for the hardware introduction of the corresponding phase shifts in the reference voltage of reception (coming from inputs 81 ₁ , ... 81 _{N of} node 4) and converters 15 ₁ , 15 ₂ , ... 15 _{M of} the signal frequency (filters 16 ₁ , 16 ₂ , ... 16 _M adopted the signal is extracted from external noise). In converters 15 ₁ , 15 ₂ , ... 15 _M signal frequency

- a group of specified frequency shifts nf _Popsh proportional to the given spatial signal delays in the corresponding lines of the receiving antennas (for example, in the “line of receiving antennas” 10 ₁ , is introduced in N specified frequency channels (in blocks 13 ₁ , ... 13 _N ) 1), which ensures the production of components of rotating survey beams (with a frequency of F _Pvr and a period of T _{Pvr of} rotation, F _Pvr = 1 / T _Pvr = f _Popsh );

- the carrier frequency of the radio pulses decreases to a predetermined intermediate frequency f _Ppr = f _Psr -f _Ppp ;

- in the voltage of the signals coming from the outputs of the corresponding antennas of each line of receiving antennas (for example, in the first, Fig. 1), along with the introduction of the specified n-th frequency shift, the corresponding given groups of phase shifts φ _ПГ1nm , φ _ПГ2nm = -φ _ПГ1nm , φ _ПГ3nm , φ _ПГ4nm = -φ _ПГ3nm with steps φ _ПГ1nmш = φ _ПГ3nmш = 2π / (MN), φ _ПГ2nmш = φ _ПГ4nmш = -2π / (MN), m = 1, 2, ... M.

The corresponding groups of M phase shifts, hardware-entered into each of the N generated frequency components of the reception signals, cause additional spatial rotations of mf _PG1sh , mf _PG2sh , mf _PG3sh , mf _{PG4sh of the} corresponding survey beams (f _PG1sh , f _PG2sh , f _PG3sh , f _PG4sh - the corresponding given steps the rotation angles of the corresponding survey beams) and the additional time shifts of these beams Т _ПГ1m , T _ПГ2m , T _ПГ3m , T _ПГ4m , m = 1, 2, ... M:

mf _PG1sh = mf _PG3sh = 2π m / M, mf _PG2sh = mf _PG4sh = 2π m / M,

T _PG1m = T _PG3m = m / (MF _Pvr ), T _PG1m = T _PG3m = -m / (MF _Pvr ).

The synthesis of the corresponding given group M of survey beams is carried out by means of selective summing of the corresponding voltages in the blocks 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ , ... 17 _m of pulses synthesis and detection by number "m" (one from each block 13 ₁ , ... 13 _N ) reception corresponding to a given (for example, first) line of reception antennas. The voltages obtained at the outputs of the filters 16 ₁ , 16 ₂ , ... 16 _M , due to the multiplicity of deviations of their frequencies and total (spatial and instrumental) phases from the corresponding initial frequencies and phases, are characterized by continuous increments in time of instantaneous mutual phases and multiple differences of these increments. Consequently, for each predetermined m-th channel is formed (synthesized) pulse sequence with a repetition period T _PSG = T _COLI = 1 / f _Popsh and duration T _MID = T _PSG / N = T _itz / NM = 1 / (Nf _Popsh) ( Example 2), corresponding to a given n-th direction of signal reception (n-th direction of the viewing beam), and the mutual time shift between the adjacent along the "m" viewing rays T _Pm , T _Pm = 1 / ( _{Mf Popsh} ). For example, for M = N we have T _Pm = T _Pstr , i.e. the entire reflection spot is observed over the time interval T _{Psz of the} duration of the received signal and there is no loss of information when the reception pulses are "broadband-gated" (example 3, Fig. 7) in time. With identical instantaneous phases of the specified hardware-formed frequency components of the output synthesized reception signal (the condition for their "instantaneous phase matching" is fulfilled), the amplitude of the total signal is equal to the sum of the amplitudes of its frequency components. For a given direction of reception, the condition of “common-mode gating” is used, which is fulfilled at a given time interval of duration T _Pstr (for example, at a time interval of T _Pstr = T _Psj / N = 1 / (Nf _Popsh ), on which the amplitude of the total (synthesized, gated) the signal beam is not less than a given value, equal to, for example, half the sum of the amplitudes of its frequency components.At a given moment in time of signal reception, the condition of “beam in phase” is used, which is fulfilled within a given angle (width l _{taking into account the} review) f _Pluch , for example, in the angular limits of f _Pluch = 2π / N, within which the amplitude of the total (synthesized) output pulse (viewing beam) is not less than a given value equal, for example, to half the sum of the amplitudes of its frequency components. viewing beam used within a predetermined time interval T _PEF compression efficiency ray viewing within which the condition "in phase gating" and within a predetermined spatial sector f _PEF efficiency of beamforming Zor, within which the condition "beam sampling" (e.g., within the T _PEF = T _PSG and f _PEF = 2π / 3), the amplitude of the corresponding synthesized output (windowed) pulse signal is not less than the predetermined allowable value of, for example, half the sum amplitudes of the hardware-formed frequency components of this pulsed output signal. The viewing rays are formed by the corresponding given arrays of receiving antennas and by summing the hardware-formed frequency components of the corresponding viewing rays with multiple frequency differences, the condition of “phase matching” being met alternately in time for a given group of directions in space over a given time interval T _Pst = T _Ps / N = 1 / (Nf _Popsh ), Nf _Popsh - the spectrum width of the “broadband-gated" output pulse signal with a duration of T _Pstr . Each of the synthesized pulses of the line of sight when describing the operation of the device (example 3, Fig. 7) is discretized in time — it is represented by a given group of time (partial) “samples” (slices) of the duration T _{D of the} line of sight. These “discretes” are formed by sequentially rotating in space due to a predetermined change in the conditions of “in-phase gating” of the components of the synthesized signal (the differences between their instantaneous phases at regular intervals T _{D of} their reception increase) and thereby rotating with a given frequency F _Pvr = f _Popp rotation and with a period T _Pvr = 1 / F _Pvr . In example 1, Fig.6, the first and second lines of the receiving antennas are located on a vertical plane that coincides with the vertical plane of the line of radiation antennas, on a given first straight line, with the location of the receiving antennas in these directions from opposite directions from О _П , the third and the fourth line of receiving antennas are located on the lateral vertical plane relative to the vertical plane of the line of radiation antennas, on a given second straight line, with a given distribution in these lines of receiving antennas in different directions from O _P. The rotation of the respective groups of survey beams occurs from predetermined zero directions of the survey beams to the corresponding predetermined joint tilt angles of the respective lines of the receiving antennas, determined by the pitch angle and the bank angle of the aircraft, and thereby the corresponding angles between the normals to the corresponding lines of the receiving antennas and the normal to the ground in the corresponding vertical planes beam propagation of the signal (passing through the corresponding line of receiving antennas and normal to the ground). “Discretes” of the given survey rays on the vertical plane of their propagation in a given polar coordinate system are located on a spiral and expanding strip (on a “sector-spiral” line of sight) and in a given orthogonal angle-range coordinate system (example 3, Fig. 7) are located on an inclined strip with parallel boundaries (“tape” line of sight). The characteristic parameters of the “tape” line of sight are:

- the angle f _{PJ of the} rotation of the viewing beam during the time T _Psj = T _Izh , f _Psz = F _Pvr T _Psj = 2π,

- angle f _{Pstr of the} rotation of the line of sight during the time T _Pstr , f _Pstr = F _Pvr T _Pstr = 2 π / T = f _Ps / T.

When measuring the parameters of the same line of sight in a lateral vertical propagation plane, for example, passing along the line of location of the third and fourth lines of receiving antennas, at a given angle f _side3 to the line of radiation antennas and through the normal to the ground (in example 1, _Fig.6 f _side3 = π / 4), all time (range) and angular dimensions of the “discrete” of the line of sight increase by 1 / (sosf _side3 ) = sesf _side3 times (in example 1, Fig.6 - 1.4 times). With the given initial pitch angles _tang f and f _cr roll plane and a predetermined placement of structurally lines receive antennas on a plane (in Example 1, 6 - at the predetermined first straight lines) corresponding to the partial "discrete unit" line of sight sequentially formed with respective rotation angles space, from respective predetermined directions to predetermined zero joint angle f = F _{Pa1zm tang} (not depend on roll angle f _cr plane), ip = ip _{Pa2zm Pa1zm,} F _pa3zm secf _{side Pa4zm} ip = ip _pa3zm, m = 1, 2, ... M, the slope of the corresponding l nsec reception antennas and their corresponding time delays groups rays review T _Pa1zm = f _pa1zm / (2π F _ISD), T _Pa2zm = f _Pa2z / (2π F _ISD), T _Pa3zm = (f _Pa3zm sesf _bok3) / (2π F _Pvp) , T _Pa4zm = f _Pa4zm / (2π F _PBR ). After these “angular” time delays, the corresponding survey beams are located normal from the earth to the center О _{П of the} given line of receiving antennas and are delayed for the time T _ПР = R _П / C, R _П - airplane flight height, measured along the normal to the ground from the combined center About _n given lines of receiving antennas. The corresponding predetermined common times T _IP1m , T _IP2m , T _IPSZ , T _IP4m delays in accordance with the parameters of the signal beam and the corresponding survey beams, respectively, of the line of radiation antennas and the first, second, third and fourth lines of receive antennas from time t ₀ = 0 up to a given moment in-phase summation of the components (voltages) of the corresponding reception signals are equal to:

T _IP1m = R _AND / C + R _P / C + f _Iaz / (2π F _Ivr ) + (f _P1az / (2π F _Ivr )) + (m-1) / (MF _Pvr ),

T _IP2m = R _I / C + R _P / C + f _Iaz / (2π F _Ivr ) - (f _P1az / (2π F _Ivr )) - (m-1) / (MF _Pvr ),

T _IP3m = R _I / C + R _P / C + f _Iaz / (2π F _Ivr ) + (f _P3az secf _side ) / (2π F _Ivr )) + (m-1) / (MF _Pvr ),

T _IP4m = R _I / C + R _P / C + f _Iaz / (2π F _Ivr ) - (f _P3az secf _side ) / (2π F _Ivr )) - (m-1) / (MF _Pvr ).

Twice during the time T _Popsh = T _{cw, the} instantaneous phases of the obtained voltages of the corresponding frequencies are identical and multiples of π. At the moments of in-phase summation of the positive half-waves of these voltages, positive voltage pulses are generated corresponding to a positive polarity survey beam that coincides in space with the normal to the line of receiving antennas and further rotates in space in the range from - π / 2 to + π / 2. At the moments of the in-phase summation of the negative half-waves of these voltages, negative voltage pulses are generated corresponding to the line of sight of negative polarity, which coincides in space with the normal to the line of receiving antennas and further rotates in space in the range from + π / 2 to -π / 2 in the opposite (mirror ) direction. If the deviations by a quarter of the period from the moments of in-phase summation of the positive half-waves of these voltages and, therefore, when the space of the line of sight is π / 2 deviate from the normal to the line of receiving antennas, the amplitude of the line of sight becomes equal to zero. Note that the presence of a negative line of sight after a positive exactly half the period of the horizontal frequency is useful for observing signals, for example, on an oscilloscope of the observation unit 18, since it allows you to set the scale of the observation lines and does not affect the measurement of time intervals in the selection and measurement of time intervals 19 ( for example, from a positive pulse of maximum amplitude applied to the start of the first and second triggers to the next, respectively, cyclic and line impulses to reset these triggers gerov). After the synthesis of radio pulses in blocks 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ , ... 17 _M , the operations are performed to correct the amplitudes of the synthesized radio pulses from the flight altitude of the aircraft using temporary automatic gain control and subsequent detection and threshold isolation of signals essential for their oscillographic observation in block 18 (Fig. 4) and selection and measurement of time intervals in block 19 (figure 5). In block 18 (Fig. 4) of blocks 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ , 12 ₃ and 12 ₄ on a raster scan, for example, with vertical vertical and horizontal horizontal axes corresponding to T _vert and T _horiz - durations of vertical and horizontal scan, T _vert = T _Itz , T _horiz = T _Itz / N, there are brightness marks of the information impulses of the survey reflected from the ground, the amplitudes of which exceed predetermined threshold levels. These pulses are delayed relative to the emitted pulse at times T _P1total , T _P2total , T _P3total , T _P4total . In example 3 (Fig. 7), a representation of a signal beam and a group of survey beams in the form of corresponding sequences of elementary pulses (slices, layers, time samples) is considered. If at the intersection of the vertical plane of the beam propagation and the horizontal surface of reflection (earth) the specified discrete samples of the signal beam and the given discrete samples of the specified viewing beam on the oscilloscope of block 18, an impulse of duration T _Pst of the viewing beam signal is displayed. In block 19 (Fig. 5) of blocks 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ , 12 ₃ and 12 ₄ from the group of corresponding pulses coming from the outputs of blocks 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ , ... 17 _M , the corresponding pulses of a given maximum amplitude with time shifts are selected T _IP1max , T _IP2max , T _IP3max and T _IP4max , after which they are measured, for example, using triggers and integrators, the delay times corresponding to these selected pulses are:

- time intervals T _ss1 , T _ss2 , T _ss3 and T _ss4 pulses at the outputs of the corresponding triggers of blocks 19 between the corresponding pulses of a given maximum amplitude and the next cyclic pulse with a period T _Iopsh = T _Its = 1 / f _Iopsh :

T = T _{SO1 itz IP1maks} T, T = T _{itz SO2} -T _{IP2maks, SO3} T = T -T _{itz IP3maks, SO4} = T T T _{itz IP4maks,}

and the voltage u _sc1 , u _sc2 , u _sc3 and u _sc4 corresponding to these measured time intervals at the outputs 108 of the respective integrators of the respective blocks 19;

- time intervals T _st1 , T _st2 , T _st3 and T _st4 pulses at the outputs of the corresponding triggers of blocks 19 between the corresponding pulses of a given maximum amplitude and the corresponding next clock pulses delayed by the times T _t1cel , T _t2cel , T _t3cel , T _t4cel , which are integer numbers m _1t , m _2t , m _3t , m _{4t of} clock periods T _Popsh :

T _t1cel = m _1t T _Popsh , T _t2cel = m _2t T _Popsh , T _t3cel = m _3t T _Popsh , T _t4cel = m _4t T _Popsh ,

0 <(T -T _{t1tsel CT1)} <T _Popsh, 0 <(T -T _{t2tsel a2)} <T _Popsh, 0 <(T -T _{t3tsel st3)} <T _Popsh, 0 <(T -T _{t4tsel FT4)} <T _Popsh ,

and corresponding to these measured time intervals, the voltages u _st1 , u _st2 , u _st3 and u _st4 at the outputs 109 of the corresponding integrators of the respective blocks 19, thereby eliminating times that are multiples of an integer number of periods of the review of phase deviations (full revolutions) of the given groups of survey beams corresponding to the whole the number of 2π corresponding viewing angles of space. In block 20, separation of information on the distance (flight height of the aircraft) to the ground and on the first and second tilt angles (pitch angle and roll angle) of the aircraft relative to the reflecting surface (ground) is achieved, which is achieved by signal conversions to find mutual time intervals for the first and second lines of location of the lines of the receiving antennas, respectively, T _R1 and T _f1 , T _R2 and T _f2 . In the adders 22 ₁ , 22 ₂ , 22 ₃ , 22 ₄ , taking into account the use of inverters 21 ₁ and 21 ₂ , the voltages u _R1 and u _R2 of the flight altitude and pitch angles u _f1 and u _{f2 of the} roll of the aircraft are formed respectively (according to the first and second preset directions of review):

u _R1 = u + u _{SO1 SO2,} u = u _{R2 SO3 SO4} + u, u = u _F1 -u _{CT1 CT2,} u _p2 = u -u _{St3 FT4,}

which correspond to time intervals

T _R1 = T _IP1max + T _IP2max = 2 (R _И / C + R _П / C + (ф _Иаз / (2π F _ивр )),

T _R2 = T _IP3max + T _IP4max = 2 (R _I / C + R _P / C + (f _Iaz secf _side ) / (2π F _Hebrew )),

T _F1 = T _IP1max -T _IP2max = -2 ((f _P1az / (2π F _Ivr )) + (m-1) / (MF _Pvr )),

T _F2 = T _IP3max -T _IP4max = -2 ((f _P3az secf _side ) / (2π F _Ivr )) + (m-1) / (MF _Pvr )).

The implementation of these relations is carried out in the block 20 separation of the flight parameters of the aircraft, containing the first and second inverters 21 ₁ and 21 ₂ receiving negative voltages -u _st2 and -u _st4 , the first and second adders 22 ₁ and 22 ₂ heights to obtain voltages u _R1 and u _R2 flight altitude, the third adder 22 _{3 of the} first inclination angle to obtain the voltage of the pitch angle angles u _ф1 and the fourth adder 22 _{4 of the} second inclination angle to obtain the voltage of the roll angle u _ф2 . By installing, e.g., control plane and _F1 = u -u _{CT1 CT2} = 0, we have m = 1 and p = 0 _P1az, i.e. horizontal flight - according to the voltage u _R1 = u _ss1 + u _ss2 and taking into account f _P1az = 0, we determine R _И = R _П = СТ _R1 ,

- voltage u _R2 = u _ss3 + u _ss4 and taking into account f _P1az = 0 we determine R _AND = R _P = ST _R2 ,

- voltage u _Q2 u = -u _{St3 FT4} and given p = 0 _P1az define _P3az f = (- T _p2 π F _PSI) / sesf _side,

For example, for Φ _bok = π / 4, we define Φ _I3az = (- 2.2T _F2 ) / T _Ivr .

In block 20, a differential warning voltage u _pre = u _R1 -u _{R2 is} additionally generated using the third inverter 23 and the fifth warning adder 24, warning of the proximity of an external non-terrestrial object to the aircraft, the range of which is substantially less than the measured flight altitude. In the absence of an external non-terrestrial object, this voltage is zero, because the stresses corresponding to the same aircraft altitude are deducted for the first and second given directions of the space survey. In the presence of an external “non-terrestrial” object, for which the given direction from the plane to this object does not coincide with the specified direction from the plane to the ground, this object is irradiated by a rotating signal beam before irradiating the surface of the earth. On the oscilloscopes of the blocks 18 contained in the blocks 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ , 12 ₃ and 12 ₄ , reflection pulses from the earth and from the external object are indicated. The observed ranges (heights) to the earth are constant in time, the observed ranges of an external object constantly take the next set values. The amplitudes of the antennas received by the arrays of receiving reflection pulses from the ground during horizontal flight are constant and the same, and the difference voltage at the output of the fifth warning adder 24 is zero. The amplitude of the pulses and the delay times relative to the pulse of the emitted signal received by the lines of antennas for receiving reflection pulses from the earth and an external “non-ground” object are determined by the radiation patterns of the respective lines of the receiving antennas in the direction of the earth and in the direction of the “non-ground” external object. In blocks 19, the corresponding unequal ranges to the ground and to the external “non-ground” object are measured, and the corresponding differential voltage arises at the output of the fifth warning adder 24, by which a warning about the presence (proximity to the plane) of the external non-ground object is generated.

The node 2 formation of the reference and control voltages (figure 2) works as follows. From the voltage of the master oscillator 1, the following voltages are formed:

- the voltage of the main reference frequency by multiplying the frequency of the master oscillator in the multiplier 25 of the main reference frequency,

- pulses of the driving frequency by generating pulses from the harmonic voltage in the driver 26 pulses of the driving frequency,

- pulses of the clock frequency by dividing the frequency of the pulses of the master frequency in the clock divider 27,

- pulses of the cyclic frequency by dividing the frequency of the pulses of the reference frequency in the distributor 29 pulses.

In the distribution control counter 28, control pulses are generated at the outputs 131 ₁ ... 131 _D (for example, D = 8), supplied to the inputs 132 ₁ ... 132 _{D of} the pulse distributor 29 and with which they are formed at the final output 134 (for example, 240 -th time channel) cyclic pulses, and at the intermediate outputs - distributed over the corresponding time channels (for example, 240 channels) a group of corresponding pulse sequences. From the group of pulse sequences in blocks 30 ₁₁ , ... 30 _1N , 30 ₂₁ , ... 30 _2N , 30 _{31 the} pulse sequences of three groups are summarized (synthesized), for example, in the first group consisting respectively of 6, 8, 10 and 12 pulses per cycle period (at the outputs of 136 blocks 30 ₁₁ , ... 30 _1N ), in the second group consisting of 30, 40, 48 and 60 pulses per cycle, respectively (at the outputs of 136 blocks 30 ₂₁ , ... 30 _2N ) , in the third group consisting of 120 pulses per cycle period (at the output of 136 block 30 ₃₁ ).

The corresponding predetermined synthesized pulse sequences of the first and second groups are supplied respectively to the signal inputs of the first and second frequency dividers 35 ₁ and 35 ₂ , respectively, of the block group 31 ₁ , ... 31 _N , for a given reduction in the frequencies of the modulating and modulated voltages. The resulting voltage through the first and second filters 36 ₁ and 36 ₂ are supplied to the first and second inputs of the frequency converter 37, after which the voltage of a given combination frequency is filtered by the third filter 38, forming the voltage of the corresponding additional reference reception frequency. The frequency of the voltage obtained is reduced by a predetermined number of times, for example, N = 48 times, using a pulse shaper 39, a third frequency divider 40 and a fourth filter 41, forming a voltage of the corresponding additional reference radiation frequency. The pulse train synthesized in block 30 ₃₁ , containing 120 pulses per cycle period, is supplied to the signal inputs of the first and second frequency dividers 42 ₁ and 42 _{2 of} the block 32 for generating the voltages of the first and second biasing frequencies, respectively, which are transmitted through the corresponding first and second filters 36 ₁ and 36 ₂ are supplied to the second reference frequency offset unit and to the signal input of the radio pulse generating unit 33. In block 33 of the formation of radio pulses by the pulse generator 44, a predetermined rectangular pulse is generated from a sequence of cyclic pulses, from which a predetermined radio pulse signal is generated in modulator 45 with a given carrier frequency corresponding to the first biasing frequency of the first output voltage of block 32. In blocks 34 ₁ and 34 _{2 of the} frequency of the first and the second output voltage of the blocks are shifted, respectively, to a given frequency of the output voltage of the block 23, forming a group of voltages u _Popn (t), n = 1, ... N of the reference reception frequencies, and at a given frequency of the second output voltage of block 32, forming a group of preliminary voltages of the reference radiation frequencies, which in block 34 ₃ are shifted to a given frequency of the output voltage of block 23, forming a group of voltages u _Iopk (t), for example, k = 1, ... K, K = N, reference radiation frequencies. The use of sequential double frequency conversion in blocks 34 ₂ and 34 ₃ when generating the voltages of the reference radiation frequencies is convenient for a given frequency conversion N ² = 2304 times for the considered example with N = 48 frequency channels. For synchronous operation of the frequency dividers 35 ₁ , 35 ₂ and 40 in blocks 31 ₁ , ... 31 _N , the frequency dividers 42 ₁ and 42 ₂ in block 32 and the clock divider 27, cyclic pulses from the output are sent to the reset inputs of these frequency dividers block 27.

Blocks 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ , ... 17 _M synthesis and detection of reception pulses (figure 3) work as follows. Of the received radio pulse signals, compressed in space by a factor of N (up to a duration of T _SJ ), delayed relative to the emitted signal in accordance with the flight altitude of the aircraft and, accordingly, attenuated during propagation in space and reflected from the ground, after the antennas have received multiple phase and shifts in the blocks 13 _1, ... 13 _N - multiple frequency shifts, respectively, adding the received radio pulses in the adder 47 from the group of compressed pulse length T _COLI synthesized _MID radio pulses of duration T = T _SJ / M - "broadband-gated" impulses. The temporary positions of the corresponding received pulses are determined by the direction of receipt of the corresponding compressed pulse to the corresponding line of receiving antennas and are described by the corresponding given numbers n and m. For the convenience of further processing, the obtained radio pulses are aligned in amplitude in block 48 of a temporary automatic gain control synchronized by cyclic pulses (supplied to input 172 of block 48), are detected by pulse detector 49 and amplitude-selected in threshold block 50 by comparing these pulses with a given threshold voltage and suppression pulses smaller than this threshold. This prevents the accumulation of interference when summing the signals of the M channels in blocks 18 and 19.

Block 18 observation (figure 4) works as follows. The signals are observed in the form of brightness marks on a given group of rasters, shifting from cycle to cycle by a predetermined value. For raster displacement oscilloscope 59 is formed in the frame scanning of a sum of the sawtooth voltages with a period T and NT _{egg egg} shapers 55 and 56 of the sawtooth voltage, respectively, of frame synchronized pulses 108 from the input unit 18 and end pulses from the output 179 of the distributor 52 pulses. The voltages from the outputs of the sawtooth voltage generators 55 and 56 are summed up in the second raster displacement adder 58, and the resulting voltage is fed to the input 189 of the vertical deviation of the oscilloscope 59. The horizontal scan input 190 is supplied with a horizontal scanning voltage from the output of the second sawtooth voltage generator 56, synchronized by the clock pulses. Cycle pulses are received at the counting input 174 of the distribution control counter 51 and pulses from the given final output 179 of the pulse distributor 52 are received at the reset input 175. The pulse distributor 52 is controlled by pulses arriving at its inputs 177 ₁ , ... 177 _g from the given outputs 176 ₁ , ... 176 _g (for example, Ж = 6) of the distribution control counter 51. The signal inputs of the keys 53 ₁ , 53 ₂ , ... 53 _M receive signals corresponding to the M observation channels, and the corresponding control signals from the specified intermediate outputs 178 ₁ , 178 ₂ , ... 178 _{M of} the pulse distributor 52 are received at the control inputs. The keys 53 ₁ , 53 ₂ , ... 53 _M are connected in series to the corresponding inputs 183 ₁ , 183 ₂ , ... 183 _{M of the} adder 54, the output signals of the blocks 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ , ... 17 _M , thereby ensuring receipt of the flow of a given cycle from the output 184 of the adder 54 to the input 188 of the brightness mark of the oscilloscope 59 of the signal of the corresponding given channel. Switching the channels by pulses of the distributor 52 pulses provides stroboscopic observation of substantially short (for example, 4.3 ns) pulses, substantially mutually close (for example, 4.3 ns) of the located pulses of the signals of adjacent channels. For separate observation of 59 pulses of adjacent channels at the corresponding places on the oscilloscope screen, a cyclic shift of the scan raster of this oscilloscope is used.

Block 19 selection and measurement of time intervals (figure 4) works as follows. The inputs of the adder 60 are supplied with pulses from the outputs of the threshold blocks 50 of the blocks 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ , ... 17 _M , corresponding to a given group of beams of view and thereby a given group of time channels. The resulting total signal is fed to the input of the selection block 56 of the specified maximum amplitude, which emits the maximum pulse of the rotating signal beam reflected from the ground at a time when the reflection of the rotating signal beam from the ground occurs normal to the ground. Given the alignment of the signal pulses in amplitude in blocks 48 of the temporary automatic gain control of blocks 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ , ... 17 _{M, the} pulse selection of a given maximum amplitude is carried out, for example, by threshold signal extraction according to a given predetermined selection threshold. The supply of the selected signal pulses from the output of block 61 to the signal inputs 193 of the first and second triggers 62 ₁ and 62 ₂ starts the formation of measuring pulses (sets the unit level at the outputs of these triggers), which ends (sets the zero level) by supplying the next, respectively, loop and line pulses from inputs 111 and 112 of block 19 to inputs 194 of the reset of these triggers. The pulse durations at the outputs of the first and second triggers 62 ₁ and 62 ₂ are measured by accumulating a constant predetermined voltage in the first and second integrators 64 ₁ and 64 ₂ during the time of pulses at the outputs of the first and second triggers 62 ₁ and 62 ₂ , i.e. during the corresponding parts of the cyclic and clock periods. The integrators 64 ₁ and 64 ₂ are reset by delays in the first and second blocks 63 ₁ and 63 _{2 of the} delay for a given time (for example, by the duration of cyclic pulses) by cyclic pulses from the outputs of blocks 63 ₁ and 63 _{2 of the} delay to the inputs 197 of the reset of the first and second integrators 64 ₁ and 64 ₂ . Before resetting the integrators 64 ₁ and 64 _2, their output voltages corresponding to the measured mutual time shifts between the signal pulse and, respectively, the next cycle and clock pulses, are supplied for the duration of the cycle pulses through the first and second switches 65 ₁ and 66 _2, respectively, to the outputs 113 and 114 block 19.

Example 1 shows a variant of the main electrical and structural parameters of the proposed device, example 2 provides an analytical description of the procedure for generating “broadband-scanned” pulses of a signal beam and “broadband-gated” pulses of a viewing beam, and example 3 describes discrete representations of a signal beam and two groups of mutually rotating beams of view.

Example 1

In example 1, we consider the characteristic features of the operation of the device with characteristic given parameters and with a characteristic predetermined antenna location on the plane:

- the location of the lines of the radiation antennas and reception antennas corresponds to Fig.6;

- a given line of radiation antennas and a given first, second, third and fourth line of receiving antennas respectively contain K = N = 48 antennas, for example, slot type;

- a given initial angle width _{И Iluch} (at zero level) of the rotating signal beam and predetermined initial angles _{П P1luch} , _{П P2loc} , _{П P3loc} and _{П P4loc beam} widths of the _field of view: _{И Iluc} = 2π / K = 0.85 = 7.5 °, F _P1luch = F _P2luch = F _P3luch = F _P4luch = 2π / N = 0.85 = 7.5 °;

- a given width f _eff effective radiation and observation zones in space in accordance with predetermined radiation patterns of radiation antennas and receiving antennas, for example, for slot type antennas, it is taken from -f _eff / 2 = -π / 3 to + f _eff / 2 = + π / 3;

- the initial frequency and wavelength of radiation f _Izzl = 3 GHz and λ _Izzle = 10 cm,

- the initial frequency and wavelength of the reception f _Psr = 3.0024 GHz and λ _Psr = 9.9976 cm,

- linear steps r _Ia and r _{Pa of the} distribution of the antenna lines of the antennas of radiation and reception: r _Ia = 4.8 cm, r _Pa = 4.80024 cm;

- the length of the line of radiation antennas is 2.304 m; the length of each line of receive antennas is 2.411 m;

- rotation frequency signal f beam _{Ivre Iopsh} = f = 0.1 MHz;

- frequency of rotation of the line of sight f _Pvr = f _Popsh = 4.8 MHz;

- the duration (period) of the cycle T _Itz = 10 μs;

- the duration of the compressed pulse T _Iszh = 0.21 μs;

- the duration of the output (gated) pulse T _Pstp = T _Its / N ² = 0,0043 μs.

Figure 6 describes the relative position in space of the given groups of antennas in a given coordinate system containing a given center O _P reception (position 210), coinciding with the given centers O _Pl1 , O _Pl2 , O _Pl3 and O _Pl4 (the starting points for the location of the receiving antennas ) corresponding lines 208 ₁ , 208 ₂ , 208 ₃ and 208 ₄ receiving antennas, a given longitudinal axis O _P X _itself (position 211) of the aircraft coordinate system and the transverse axis O _P Y _cam (position 212) of the aircraft coordinate system located in the wing plane the plane. The first predetermined straight line for the location of the antennas coincides with the axis O _P X of _the aircraft _itself and is located, for example, along the axis of the fuselage of the aircraft, the second predetermined straight line 213 for the location of the antennas intersects the axis O _P X _itself at a given angle, for example, at an angle π / 4, at a predetermined angle center O _P reception, and is located in the plane of the wings of the aircraft. A given group of radiation antennas 202 ₁ , ... 202 _K , for example, K = N radiation, forming a line of radiation antennas 207, is evenly distributed on a given length of radiation of the first straight line with the radiation center O _AND (position 209) (the starting point for the location of radiation antennas) remote at a given distance r _PI from the center of O _P reception, equal, for example, r _PI = 2.75 Nr _Pa , r _Pa is the step of the location of the receiving antennas, ensuring the exclusion of direct (not reflected from the ground) signal from the radiation antennas to the receiving antennas and given initial positions in expanding rays of the review (example 3, Fig.7). The given groups of antennas 203 ₁ , ... 203 _N and 204 ₁ , ... 204 _{N of} reception, forming the line 208 ₁ and 208 _{2 of} reception, are evenly distributed on the first and second predetermined segments of the first straight line (with the combined initial points of location of the given antennas reception in a given center O _P reception). The third and fourth predetermined groups of antennas 205 ₁ , ... 205 _N and 206 ₁ , ... 206 _{N of} reception, forming the line 208 ₃ and 208 _{4 of the} reception, are evenly distributed on the third and fourth specified segments of the second straight line (with the combined starting points the location of the receiving antennas in a given center O _P reception).

Example 2

In Example 2, we consider the procedure for generating from the components of the pulsed signal s _{И И} (t), к = 1, ... К, at given frequencies f _{Ик of} duration Т _Иц (for a line of radiation antennas) “broadband-scanned” (rotating with frequency F _Ивр in space) beam signal compression emitted signal in the time duration (T _COLI = T _itz / K) and forming "broadband-gated" (rotating with a frequency F _TAPs in space) of sight, whereby carried spatial gating of sight (for first line antennas of reception antennas), using the hardware formation of the components of the received signal. The signal beam propagates from the center О _{И of the} line of radiation antennas to the ground during the time Т _ИR , Т _ИР = R _И / С, R _И - the airplane’s flight height, measured normal to the ground from the center О _{and the} given line of radiation antennas, and is reflected from the ground , forming the reflected signal s _separation (t + T _Iaz + T _ИR ) with the amplitude modulation coefficient A _of (t) and phase φ _{sum of the} total signal. Partial “discretes” of the signal beam are sequentially formed at the corresponding moments of radiation with corresponding angular rotations, starting from zero to a given initial angle Φ _Iaz (Φ _Iaz = f _tang ), and thereby corresponding to this initial angle of rotation, the initial time delay of the signal beam T _Iaz ( T _Iaz = f _Iaz / 2π F _Ivr , F _Ivr = f _Iopsh ), regardless of the value of the angle f _{cr of the} roll of the aircraft (the angle of rotation around the axis of the fuselage of the aircraft). Reflected from the ground signal s _separation (t + T _Iaz + T _ИR ) is presented in the frequency and time form:

- in the frequency form as a given group of frequency components s _sfc (t + T _Iaz + T _IR ), k = 1, ... K, corresponding to s _Ik (t) and having the form of pulses of duration T _Itz ,

- in the pulse form as a predetermined group of mutually time-shifted pulses _otVj s (t + T + T _{and R IAP} -jT _{compression channels),} j = 1, ... J, described by J (J-T interval for a predetermined number of compressed pulses _itz, for example, J = K) given pulses V _sr (t) of duration T _szh = T _Szh :

V _sr (t) = 1 for 0 <t <T _ssl , V _sr (t) = 0 for t <0 and t> T _ssl ,

f = f _{ISR Iizl} + (f _Iopsh K) / 2, T _{Justus Iopsh} = φ / (2π f _Iopsh)

_From A (t) = A _{AND AND} b (t) b _{and R} b _from b _Izem b _Ilin,

f _ISR and φ _total - specified average carrier frequency of the signal beam and the resulting phase of the sum of a given group of components of the signal beam,

T _Just - the specified hardware time shift of the synthesized broadband scanning pulse of the signal beam,

b _IR - a given coefficient of change in the amplitude of the signal beam during its propagation from the line of radiation antennas to the ground,

b _from - a given coefficient of change in the amplitude of the signal reflected from the ground due to scattering of the signal beam upon reflection from the ground,

b _Izem - a given coefficient of change in the amplitude of the signal beam reflected from the ground due to a given deviation of the signal beam from the normal to the ground,

b _Ylin - a given coefficient of change in the amplitude of the reflected signal beam due to a given deviation of the signal beam from the normal to a given line of radiation antennas.

For example, when a group of frequency components of a signal with a duration of _TIc = 10 μs is emitted in space, a rotating signal beam is synthesized in the form of a sequence of pulses with a duration of 0.21 μs and every 0.21 μs emitted with a rotation in space of 7.5 °. On the ground, the beam illuminated "reflection spot" signal, which is represented as a sequence of J = 48 and compressed adjacent _otrVj radio pulses s (t + T + T _{and R IAP} -jT _{compression channels),} j = 1, ... J, with carrier frequency f _otr = f _ICp and a duration of 0.21 μs.

The line of sight (a signal reflected from the ground) propagates from the ground to the center of the O _{P of the} receiving antenna lines during the time T _P (T _P = R _P / C, R _P is the aircraft flight height, measured normal to the ground from the center of the O _{P of the} receiving antenna line ), propagates from the earth to the center О _{П of the} respective lines of the viewing antennas in accordance with the parameters of the viewing beams and then, with the corresponding specified multiple time shifts, arrives at the corresponding receiving antennas.

A set of N frequency shifts nf _Popsh , n = 1, .. N, and for each n is a given group of M phase (m = 1, 2 ... M) shifts, is introduced into the received signals in hardware, due to which voltage groups of signal components are formed reception. The resulting component voltages are respectively summed, forming the specified rotating in space with a frequency of F _Pvp (F _Pvr = f _Popsh = NF _Iopsh = NF _Ivr ) of the group M mutually shifted in the direction of reception of the viewing rays s _P1lumm (t + T _Iaz + T _IR + T _PR ), m = 1, 2 ... M, with the amplitude modulation coefficient A _P (t) and phase φ the _{sum of the} total signal. Partial “discretes” of the line of sight (for example, the first line of receiving antennas) are sequentially formed with corresponding angular rotations, starting from zero to a given initial angle _{П Pa1sh} ( _{П Pa1sh} = _{П Paз} = _{И Iaz} = _{т tang} ) of rotation of the line of sight, and thereby corresponding to this initial angle of rotation by the initial time delay of the line of sight T _Pa1sh (T _Pa1sh = f _Pa1sh / 2π F _Pvr , F _Pvr = f _Popsh ) regardless of the angle f _{kr of the} roll of the aircraft (angle of rotation around the axis of the fuselage of the aircraft).

The line of sight s _P1luchm (t + T _Iaz + T _IR + T _PR ) (for example, for the first line of receiving antennas and for the beam with m = 1, we have s _P1luch1 (t + T _IR + T _PR )) is represented in the frequency and time form:

- in the frequency form as a given group in n, n = 1, ... N, of the frequency components s _П1Чmn (t + Т _ИR + Т _ПР ), n = 1, ... N, m = 1, 2, .. .M, for example, for J = 1 we have s _П1Ч1n (t + Т _Иаз + Т _ИР + Т _ПР ), n = 1, ... N, and having the form of pulses of duration T _Psj = T _ssl = T _Sr ,

- in pulsed form as a given group of pulses of mutually time-shifted pulses s _П1Vmi (t + Т _Иаз + Т _ИР + Т _ПР ), i = 1, ... I, described by I (I - the number of _strobe pulses specified on the interval T _Psj ) for example, for I = 1, for i = 1, m = 1 of the line of sight, we have s _П1Vm1 (t + T _Иa3 + Т _ИR + Т _ПР ), given pulses V _stp (t) of duration T _Pstr , T _Pst = T _Psj / M:

V _p (t) = 1 for 0 <t <T _P , V _p (t) = 0 for t <0 and t> T _P ,

f _Psr = f _Isr , T _Empty = φ _Popsh / (2π f _Popsh ),

A _P (t) = b _{and AND} SC (t) b b _{and R} b _{Neg Izem} b _{Ilin nR} b b b _{Pzem Pliny}

f _Pcp and φ _luchsum - the specified average carrier frequency of the line of sight and the resulting phase of the sum of a given group of components of the line of sight,

T _Pust - the specified hardware time shift of the synthesized broadband-strobe pulse of the survey beam,

b _PR - a given coefficient of change in the amplitude of the viewing beam during its propagation from the ground to the line of radiation antennas,

b _Ground - a given coefficient of change in the amplitude of the viewing beam due to its predetermined deviation from the normal to the ground,

b _Plin - a given coefficient of change in the amplitude of the viewing beam due to its predetermined deviation from the normal to a given line of receiving antennas.

For example, a received signal with a duration of T _Psj = 0.21 μs, taking into account the spatial and instrumental introduction of the specified frequency and phase shifts into it, is received every 0.0043 μs with a rotation in space of 7.5 ° - it is synthesized in space into a rotating beam spatial gating survey with a given frequency f _Pvp rotation (with a given rotation period T _Psj = 0.21 μs) and with a given gating pulse duration T _Pst = T _Psj / M = 0.0043 μs. For M rays (phase channels), the spatial gating pulses in the corresponding phase channels are mutually shifted by the time step T _Pfksh = T _Izh / M = 0.0043 μs, i.e. during the duration of the compressed beam of the signal T _Ps = 0.21 μs given by the group M of survey beams, a continuous inspection of the “reflection spot” of the signal beam from the ground is performed.

Example 3

Example 3 considers a representation of a rotating beam of a signal generated by a given array of radiation antennas (for example, position 207 in FIG. 6), and a representation of the first and second groups of rotating survey beams generated by a first and second given array of receiving antennas (for example, position 208 ₁ and 208 ₂ in FIG. 6) located on a predetermined first straight line (for example, position 211 in FIG. 6).

The signal beam and the viewing rays are presented in FIG. 7 on a predetermined “vertical plane of propagation of the signal beam and viewing rays” containing a predetermined first straight line (position 211) and normal to the reflecting surface (to the ground). A signal beam propagates in this vertical plane to the horizontal plane of the reflecting earth surface intersecting with it, on which external ground objects are located (positions 231, 232, 233 and 234), and is reflected from these objects. In accordance with predetermined viewing beams, the reflected signals arrive at predetermined arrays of receiving antennas. When describing the operation of the device, the pulse of a compressed beam of a signal generated continuously in time is presented in the form of a discrete sequence of elementary pulses (“discs”, slices, layers) of a signal beam, and the pulse of a survey beam formed continuously in time is represented as a discrete sequence of elementary pulses (“samples ”, Sections, layers) of the line of sight. The signal beam and the viewing rays on the vertical propagation plane have an angular width of f _Iluch = 2π / K and f _Pluch = 2π / N, for example, K = N, rotate with angular velocities respectively F _Ivr = f _Iopsh and F _Pvr = f _Popp and move with the corresponding given time delays and given angular velocities along the vertical plane of propagation of the signal beam and the viewing rays, forming on it a “spot of illumination” of a given signal beam and a given group of viewing rays, and along a horizontal reflection surface (earth), forming a “reflection spot” on it path signal "under review" in accordance with the parameters corresponding to the "viewing rays" lines corresponding reception antennas. The intersection lines of these vertical and horizontal planes form a “line of sight of the signal reflection spot”.

Each j-th elementary impulse of the description of the signal beam is represented by a given group of time (range) layers (“discrete”) of a given thickness T _D - an elementary interval of propagation time, with a given angular width f _com = π, distributed uniformly with a step of T _d on the interval 0 <t <T _cw , which are simultaneously emitted by the corresponding antennas of the radiation antenna line for a given time 0 <t <T _Itz , are summed in space (for each temporary “discrete”), forming (synthesizing) a given sequence of “discrete of the beam of a signal with a thickness of T _D , with a given angular width f _Iluch = 2π / K, distributed uniformly with a step of T _D in the interval 0 <t <T _cf (outside this interval we represent the amplitudes of the synthesized “discrete” equal to zero), alternately emitted from correspondingly increasing angle of their rotation (rotation) in space, after which the obtained “discrete” propagate to the earth in the corresponding directions, forming a “broadband-scanned” (rotating in space) signal beam with compression of the emitted signal. Each line of sight is represented by a given group of time (range) layers (“discs”) of a given thickness (propagation time) T _D with a given effective angular width f _Pluch = 2π / N, into which the corresponding given frequency shifts are simultaneously entered in hardware (at time interval 0 <t <T _cg ), and the resulting attire are summed up, forming (synthesizing) a given sequence of “discrete” of the line of sight with an increasing angle of rotation (rotation) of the direction of view of space (direction of receiving signals), forming a “w Irokolobrobno-gated ”output pulse signal. In a given polar coordinate system [R _AND (t), φ _И (t)] _{polar, the} “discrepancies” of the signal beam are distributed in a vertical plane of the beam propagation in a spiral with the beginning at point О _And and with a step (one revolution) of the turn during the time T _itz . In a given polar coordinate system [R _P (t), f _P (t)] _{polar, the} “discrepancies” of each line of sight are distributed in a vertical plane of ray propagation in a spiral with a beginning at point O _P and with a step (one revolution) of the turn during time T _Its / N, i.e. during one revolution of the signal beam, N revolutions of each of the M survey beams occurs. In those cases where the “line of sight of the reflection of the signal” line of sight coincides with the intersection point of the corresponding “discrete” of the signal beam and the corresponding “discrete” of the line of sight, the output signal is observed on the oscilloscope and the position numbers of the “discrete” of the signal and line of sight are determined ( measured) the coordinates of the reflection point. For an analytically more visual description of the operation of the device with unequal rotation frequencies of the signal beam and the first and second groups of survey beams, in addition to the given polar coordinate system, we use the corresponding angular-range (and thereby angular-temporal) specified orthogonal coordinate system on the vertical propagation planes of the signal and viewing rays. In the graph of FIG. 7, position 214 is a predetermined center O of a given angular range orthogonal coordinate system with which a predetermined center of radiation O _AND (the starting point of the location of the radiation antennas) and a given center of reception Op (the starting point of the location of the receiving antennas) are combined, with positions 215 216 are the horizontal axis OX and the vertical axis OY of the graph. In this coordinate system, the combined representations of the signal beam in coordinates with the axes OX and OY are considered, the representations of the signal beam in coordinates with the axes [X _фR (ф _И (t), Y _фR (R _И (t)] _Unit and representations of the first and second groups survey beams in coordinates with the axes [X _fR (f _P (t), Y _fR (R _P (t)] _ort , where

φ _И (t) = 2π F _Ивр t, R _И (t) = Ct,

ф _П (t) = 2π F _Пвр (t- (Т _Иаз + Т _Иаз + Т _ИР + Т _ПР )), R _П (t) = C (t- (Т _Иаз + Т _Иаз + Т _ИР + Т _ПР ) ),

those. taking into account the fact that the signal beam emitted (and reflected from the earth’s surface) is received with a time shift T _{И R} + Т _ПР , the zero position of the coordinate plane [X _fR (f _P (t), Y _fR (R _P (t)] _ort, respectively offset in time (range-) axis. For the third and fourth groups of beams review in the same coordinate system dimensions elementary "discrete" beams review of these groups enlarged horizontally cosf _side time (taking into account the entire revolutions of the rays). the following description will refer to positive beam of a signal and a group of positive beams of review Obtained by summing the positive half-waves of the respective component signals. A single step the elevation axis is set as a step angular sampling f _br equal beamwidth line emission antennas and arrays reception antennas. Step size range-domain (time) axis is set as the predetermined pitch range-sample r _bd and the by itself, as a time sampling step T _wd = r _wd / C = T _D. For the analytical representation of the signal beam and the viewing rays at given intervals of the step thickness of the “discrete” T _wd , unit steps of the global discretization _ffd and unit steps of the long-range (temporary) discretization _rfd (and thus _Tfd ) the relative (related to the maximum value) amplitudes of the “discretes” of the signal beam and the viewing rays are constant and equal to unity. In Fig. 7, positions 217 ₁ and 217 ₂ are, respectively, the first and second predetermined angular boundaries of the zone of rotation (swing) of the signal beam and the specified angular boundaries of the zone of rotation (swing) of the first and second groups of survey beams (from -π / 2 to + π / 2). Positions 218 ₁ and 218 ₂ are, respectively, the first and second predetermined angular boundaries -ph _eff / 2 = -π / 3 and + ph _eff / 2 = + π / 3 of the effective beam formation zone of the signal and the first and second groups of survey beams (beam amplitudes the signal and the viewing rays outside these boundaries are hardware-set equal to zero, for example, using the appropriate width of the radiation patterns of slot radiation antennas and slot reception antennas). Position 219 is the predetermined range of the distance R _Sr , R _Sr = ST _Sr , propagation of the compressed signal beam, positions 220 ₁ and 220 ₂ are the specified first and second angular boundaries of the signal beam in a given angle-range coordinate system. Positions 221 ₁ , ... 221 _m are a given group of “discrete” representations of a compressed signal beam in a given orthogonal coordinate system (XOY) _ort corresponding to a given “discrete” of intersection of a signal beam with survey beams. Positions 222 ₁ , ... 222 _m and 223 ₁ , ... 223 _m are a representation of a given first group of line of sight and a given second group of line of sight in the same given orthogonal coordinate system (XOY) _ort . The mutual adjacency of the “discrete” of the signal beam, giving it a “ribbon” appearance in this coordinate system, is due to the corresponding given angle of rotation of the signal beam on the angular width of the signal beam during the duration of the compressed signal pulse. The mutual adjacency of the “discrete” rays of view, which gives these rays a “ribbon” appearance in this coordinate system, is due to the corresponding specified number of rays in the corresponding group of view rays synthesized in blocks 17 ₁ , ... 17 _M , on the angular interval of spatial gating (from -π / 2 to + π / 2) with the corresponding survey beams (2π / N wide). At position 224, the first “discrete” of the first ray of the first group of survey beams is presented — the survey rays of the first group are composed of “discrete” of this kind; at position 225, the first “discrete” of the first ray of the second group of survey beams is presented — the survey rays of the second group are composed of “discrete” of this kind. The position of these "discrete" on the x axis corresponding to the respective initial positions of rotating viewing rays determined target value r _SP distance between the emission center O _and the center O and reception _P (e.g., r _SP = 2,75 Nr _Pa). At positions 226, 227, and 228, the second, third, and fourth “samples” of the third ray of the first group of survey beams are represented; at positions 229 and 230, the third “samples” of the first and third survey beams are represented. At positions 231 and 232, the first and second external objects (for example, located on the ground) are presented that are located at “discrete” 227 of the intersection of the representation of the signal beam (“discrete” 221 ₃ ), beam 222 _{3 of the} first group of survey beams and beam 223 _{1 of the} second group rays of view. The numbers of the first and second survey beams identified in blocks 18 and 19 determine the coordinates of external objects. Outside the boundaries 217 ₁ and 217 ₂ and 218 ₁ and 218 _{2 the} coordinates of external objects are not determined (signal amplitudes are zero), when the first and second groups of these rays are inside one “discrete” signal beam and the viewing rays, the first and second external ground objects 231 and 232 are spatially inseparable (unsolvable), for example, located at specified points on the surface of the earth. At position 233, a third external ground-based object located on the signal beam outside the boundaries 220 ₁ and 220 _{2 is} shown, i.e. not illuminated by the signal beam, as a result of which it is not observable on the oscilloscope of block 18; at position 234, a fourth external ground object located on the signal beam inside the boundaries 220 ₁ and 220 _{2 is} shown, i.e. it is illuminated by the signal beam, but we do not observe it on “discrete” 227 — it is observed on the oscilloscope of block 18 in the adjacent time channel corresponding to the review beam 222 ₄ adjacent to the “discrete” 227. The technical effectiveness of the proposed device is as follows:

1. Compared with the prototype [2], along with measuring the height, there are additional device features — measuring the pitch angle and the angle of heel of the aircraft along the first and second vertical viewing planes and warning about the presence of an external non-ground object on one of these viewing planes.

2. Compared with the prototype [2] M times (for example, M = 48) increases the number of viewing rays in the first and second vertical viewing planes without increasing the number of receive antennas in the respective lines of receive antennas; the formation of broadband gated survey beams (for example, at N = M = 48 MN = 2304 survey beams) is carried out in real time.

3. Compared with the prototype [2], M times (for example, M = 48 times) increases the number of resolved rangefinder (temporary) channels for detecting signals over the interval of the duration of the received compressed pulse of the signal, and thus in the device that implements "broadband scanning" the formation of the signal beam and the "broadband-gating" formation of the viewing beam, it is obtained M times (for example, M = 48) of resolution and accuracy in range without expanding the width of the spectrum of the emitted signal - mutual adjacency in time tim output pulses in adjacent beams overlap review provided slots pauses pulse sequences each "broadband-gated" intervals of sight pulse durations of adjacent "broadband-gated" viewing rays.

4. Compared to the prototype [2], the proposed “broadband scanning” and “broadband gating integrated radio altimeter” have significantly higher noise immunity and reliability of systems due to multi-channel processing of the received signal and a larger amount of information retrieval while expanding the functionality of the device.

The economic efficiency of the proposed device is as follows:

- decreases M times (for example, M = 48) the cost of manufacturing the device in terms of one viewing channel, because the total cost of the device does not change significantly;

- the cost of the device is reduced due to the expansion of its functionality and a corresponding reduction in the total cost of radio equipment of the aircraft due to the integration of the corresponding signal processing.

The technical efficiency of the proposed device is confirmed by modeling on a digital computer the main features of the formation of signals and their processing systems in the 105-channel version and by analog prototyping and testing of the nodes of the proposed device in the medium and short waves of the main nodes in 9 and 48 channel versions.

1. When modeling on a digital computer, algorithms were developed and the operation of the 105-channel synthesizer of pulsed signals from the original harmonic signal was studied using the following operations:

- the formation of the original harmonic signal 105 harmonic signals with multiple frequencies,

- the introduction of multiple phase shifts that simulate the introduced spatial shifts of the emitted and received signals,

- summation of the received signals with multiple frequency and phase shifts that simulate the formation (synthesis) of a broadband-scanned signal when it is emitted and a broadband-gated signal when it is received.

2. Analog prototyping was carried out using elements of analog and digital technology:

a) a 9-channel reference frequency synthesizer was manufactured and tested based on the use of frequency multiplication and summing devices;

a) a 48-channel synthesizer of reference frequencies was manufactured (according to claim 2 of the formula) based on the use of frequency division and summation devices, in which the following units were developed, manufactured and tested:

- counters, pulse distributor, frequency dividers, logic elements, crystal oscillator are made on standard microcircuits and analog elements;

- pulse adders (synthesizers of the initial frequencies) in the layout are made on standard semiconductor diodes, thereby achieving a significant reduction in power consumption in the synthesis of 48 reference frequencies compared to circuits on logic circuits;

- filters with electric adjustment of phase shifts are made in the layout on the basis of amplifiers with positive feedback operating in the “captured frequency generators” mode, which ensures stabilization of amplitudes and precise adjustment of voltage phases of 48 synthesized reference frequencies;

- frequency converters are made according to the amplitude modulation scheme on two zener diodes [9], connected by the anodes to the corresponding input voltage sources and cathodes to the total load under the positive voltage locking zener diodes, which achieves a significant (compared to the diode modulation scheme) mutual isolation between the converter inputs frequency and thereby a significant reduction in the level of spurious combination frequencies due to amplitude distortion of the modulated output voltage;

b) a signal adder was made on 48 buffer amplifiers and resistors, simulating:

- spatial summation of signal components with specified multiple phase and frequency differences (synthesis of a "broadband-scanned" signal beam),

- hardware summation of the components of the received signal with the spatial phase shifts introduced into the received signal and the hardware introduced frequency shifts with the specified multiple phase and frequency differences (synthesis of a “broadband-gated” line of sight).

The proposed device, please assign the name "Broadband Scanning Broadband Gating Integrated High Altitude Gauge" for the following reasons:

- This name reflects the integrated functionality of the device;

- this name reflects the essence of the principle of operation of the proposed device based on "broadband-scanned" and "broadband-gated" formation (synthesis) of pulses that provide rotation in the space of the signal beam and the rotation of the viewing beam with significantly different speeds;

- this name reflects the spatial essence of obtaining ultra-high resolution of objects and ultra-high accuracy of measuring flight altitude and pitch and roll angles of an aircraft by using ultra-high and not equally fast rotation of the signal beam and a given group of viewing beams, which was not known and was not applied at the modern level of technology .

Sources of information

1. Sosnovsky A.A., Khaimovich I.A. Aeronautical radio navigation. Directory. - M.: Transport, 1980, p.202.

2. The radar. Patent RU 2178185. - MKI 7 G 01 S 13/00 / V.A. Shishkov. - according to the application No.2000103296 / 09, claimed on 02/14/2000. - Publ. 01/10/2002, Bull. No. 1. (prototype).

3. Handbook of microwave communication. / Ed. S.V. Borodich. - M.: Radio and Communications, 1981.

4. Markov G.T., Sazonov D.M. Antennas - M .: Energy, 1975.

5. Alekseenko A.G., Colombet E.A., Starodub G.I. The use of precision analog microcircuits. - M .: Radio and communications, 1985.

6. Erofeev Yu.N. Impulse devices. - M.: Higher School, 1989.

7. Ryzhkov A.V., Popov V.N. Frequency synthesizers in radio technology. - M .: Radio and communications, 1991.

8. Fradkin S.L. Fundamentals of the theory and calculation of radar receivers. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1969.

9. Kalinchuk B.A., Pichugin O.A. Modulators of small signals. - L .: Energy, 1972.

10. A device for performing arithmetic and logical operations. A. S. No. 470804 (USSR). - MKI G 06 f 7/00; G 06 f 7/52 / V.A. Shishkov. - No. 1751140 / 18-24, declared 02.21.1972, - Publ. 08/21/1975, Bull. Number 18.

Claims (6)

1. Broadband scanning broadband gating integrated altitude meter containing a master oscillator, a reference and control voltage generation unit, the input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator, a radiation unit containing a radiation frequency transfer unit consisting of a given group of radiation frequency converters, the signal inputs of which are interconnected, forming the signal input of the radiation frequency transfer unit and, thereby, the signal input of the radiation unit, and connected to the signal output of the node reference and control voltage, the reference inputs form a predetermined group of corresponding reference inputs of the radiation frequency transfer unit and, thus, a group of corresponding reference inputs of the radiation unit, and are connected to the corresponding group of reference radiation outputs of the reference and control voltage generation unit, and the outputs form the corresponding group the outputs of the radiation frequency transfer unit, and the signal beam rotation unit, consisting of a given group of radiation antennas, the inputs of which are the corresponding group the inputs of the signal beam rotation unit and are connected to the outputs of the respective radiation frequency converters and, thus, with the group of outputs of the radiation frequency transfer unit, and a receiving unit comprising a viewing beam distribution unit, consisting of a first viewing beam rotation unit, and thereby the first predetermined group of receiving antennas, the outputs of which form the group of outputs of the first block of rotation of the survey beams and, thus, the first group of outputs of the block of distribution of the survey beams, and the first block of forming the first predetermined group of survey beams a, consisting of a given group of reception frequency transfer blocks, each and, therefore, the first one containing a main reception phase shifter, the input of which is a reference input of the first reception frequency transfer block and, thus, forms, together with the reference inputs of a given group of transfer blocks frequency of reception of a given group of reference inputs of the first unit of formation of a given group of survey beams, and, thereby, a given group of reference inputs of a receiving node, which is connected, respectively, with a group of reference outputs of the receiving node of the formation voltage and control voltages, the main receiving frequency converter, the reference input of which is connected to the output of the main receiving phase shifter, and the signal input is the signal input of the first receiving frequency transfer unit and, together with the signal inputs of a given group of receiving frequency transfer blocks, forms a given group of signal the inputs of the first block forming a given group of survey beams, which is connected to the outputs of the corresponding receiving antennas of the first given group and, thus, with a given group of outputs in the first block of rotation of the survey beams and with the first group of outputs of the distribution block of the survey beams, and the main reception filter, the input of which is connected to the output of the main frequency converter of the reception and the output is the main output of the corresponding block of the transfer of reception frequencies, the main block of the synthesis and detection of reception pulses, specified the group of signal inputs of which is connected to the outputs of the main reception filters and, thus, with the main outputs of the group of corresponding blocks for transmitting the reception frequencies, and the observation unit, the main whose signal input is connected to the output of the main unit for synthesizing and detecting reception pulses, the cyclic input of which is connected to the cyclic input of the main unit for synthesizing and detecting reception pulses, forming the cyclic input of the first unit of formation of a given group of survey beams, and, thus, the cyclic input of the receiving unit , and is connected to the cyclic output of the node for the formation of reference and control voltages, and the clock input is the clock input of the first block of the formation of the group of survey beams and, thus, the clock input of the node imea, and is connected to the clock output of the node for the formation of reference and control voltages, characterized in that the second, third and fourth blocks for the formation of the corresponding predetermined groups of survey beams are introduced into the receiving node, and the airplane flight parameter separation unit, consisting of the first and second inverters, the first and the second height adders, the third adder of the first angle of inclination, the fourth adder of the second angle of inclination, the third inverter and the fifth adder of warning, the second, third the first and fourth blocks of rotation of the viewing rays, consisting of the corresponding second, third and fourth predetermined groups of receiving antennas, in each and, thus, in the first block of formation of the first, corresponding predetermined groups of viewing rays, a corresponding given group of additional blocks of synthesis and detection of pulses is introduced the reception unit and the selection and measurement of time intervals, in each and, thus, in the first unit for transferring the reception frequencies of the first, second, third and fourth blocks of the formation of the corresponding predetermined beam groups To it, a predetermined group of additional reception phase shifters, a given group of additional reception frequency converters, and a given group of additional reception filters, specified groups of signal inputs of the second, third, and fourth blocks for generating the corresponding given groups of viewing rays are connected to the outputs of the corresponding second, third, and fourth predetermined antenna groups receiving the corresponding blocks of rotation of the viewing rays and, thus, with the given corresponding groups of outputs of these blocks and with the corresponding the predetermined groups of outputs of the block for distributing the line of sight, the inputs of the additional reception phase shifters in the first and, respectively, each block for transmitting the reception frequencies of the first, second and fourth blocks for generating the corresponding predetermined groups of line of sight, respectively, are interconnected with the inputs of the corresponding main phase shifters and, thus, with the corresponding reference outputs of the receiving unit for the formation of reference and control voltages, the reference inputs of additional frequency converters at the circuits are connected to the outputs of the respective additional reception phase shifters, the signal inputs are respectively connected to each other, to the signal input of the corresponding main reception frequency converter and, thus, to the outputs of the corresponding reception antennas, and the outputs are connected to the inputs of the corresponding additional reception filters, the outputs of which are the corresponding group of specified additional outputs of the corresponding frequency transfer unit of the reception of the respective formation units of the corresponding given groups of survey beams, in each and, therefore, in the first block of formation of a given group of survey beams, a group of signal inputs of each given additional block of synthesis and detection of reception pulses is connected, respectively, with the outputs of the corresponding additional filters and, thus, with the corresponding additional outputs blocks for transferring reception frequencies, the cyclic inputs of additional blocks for synthesizing and detecting reception pulses and a block for selecting and measuring time intervals are interconnected the input of the main unit for the synthesis and detection of reception pulses and, thus, with the cyclic output of the node for the formation of reference and control voltages, the clock input of the block for selection and measurement of time intervals is connected to the clock input of the monitoring unit and, thus, with the clock output of the node for the formation of reference and control voltage, a given group of the main and additional signal inputs of the block selection and measurement of time intervals is connected, respectively, with a given group of main and additional signal inputs s of the observation unit, and with the outputs of the corresponding main and additional blocks of synthesis and detection of reception pulses, the first and second outputs of the selection and measurement unit of time intervals of the first block of formation of the first group of survey beams and, thus, the first and second outputs of the first block of formation of the first beam group overview connected, respectively, with the first input of the first adder height and with the first input of the third adder of the first angle and, thus, with the first height input and the first input of the block angles is divided of the parameters of the flight of the aircraft, the first and second outputs of the second block forming the second group of survey beams are connected, respectively, with the second input of the first altitude adder and the input of the first inverter and, thus, with the second height input and the second input of the angles of the separation block of the aircraft flight parameters, the first and the second outputs of the third block forming the third group of survey beams are connected, respectively, with the first input of the second height adder and the first input of the fourth adder of the second tilt angle and, thus, with the third input the height and the third input of the angles of the separation block of the flight parameters of the aircraft, the first and second outputs of the fourth block of the formation of the fourth group of survey beams are connected, respectively, with the second input of the second height adder and the input of the second inverter and, thus, with the fourth height input and fourth input of the block angles separation of the flight parameters of the aircraft, the outputs of the first and second inverters are connected to the second inputs, respectively, of the third adder of the first angle of inclination and the fourth adder of the second angle of inclination of the section of the flight parameters, the output of the first height adder is connected to the first input of the fifth warning adder and is the height output of the separation of the flight parameters of the aircraft, the receiving unit and the device, the input of the third inverter is connected to the output of the second altitude adder and the output is from the second input of the fifth warning adder, the output of the third adder of the first tilt angle, the output of the fourth adder of the second tilt angle and the output of the fifth warning adder are, respectively, the output of the first tilt angle ca flight, the output of the second angle of the aircraft and the warning output of the separation unit of the flight parameters of the aircraft, the receiving unit and device. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the node forming the reference and control voltages comprises a multiplier of the main reference frequency, a pulse shaper of a driving frequency, a clock divider, a distribution control counter, a pulse distributor, a first predetermined group of pulse synthesis blocks of the original reference frequencies, the second predetermined group of pulse synthesis blocks of the initial reference frequencies and the block of the specified third group of pulse synthesis blocks of the initial displacement frequency, complement the given group of synthesis blocks integral reference frequencies, a bias frequency synthesis unit, radio pulse generation unit, first, second and third reference frequency bias units, each and thereby a first additional frequency reference synthesis unit contains a first and second frequency dividers, first and second filters, a frequency converter, a third filter, a pulse shaper, a third frequency divider and a fourth filter, a bias frequency synthesis unit comprises a first and second frequency dividers and a first and second filters, a radio pulse generation unit comprises the pulse generator and the modulator, the first, second, and third reference frequency bias blocks contain the corresponding specified groups of frequency converters, the input of the main frequency reference multiplier and the input of the pulse frequency driver are connected to each other and are the input of the reference and control voltage generation unit, the counting input of the clock frequency divider and the counting input of the distribution control counter are interconnected and with the output of the first pulse shaper of the driving frequency, the output of the clock frequency divider is a clock output of the node for the formation of reference and control voltages, in the pulse distributor, a given group of inputs is connected, respectively, with a given group of outputs of the distribution control counter, the specified end output is connected to the reset input of the distribution control counter, with the reset input of the clock divider, with the loop inputs of the group blocks and, thus, between each other the reset inputs of the first and second frequency dividers and the reset input of the third frequency divider of each and, therefore, the first block synthesis and additional reference frequencies, connected to the cyclic input of the bias synthesis unit and, thereby, to interconnected reset inputs of the first and second frequency dividers of the bias synthesis unit, with a cyclic input and, thereby, to the input of the pulse shaper of the pulse generating unit, forming the cyclic output of the node for the formation of reference and control voltages, in the first and second specified groups of pulse synthesis blocks of the original reference frequencies and in the block of the third specified group of pulse synthesis of the original s offsets, the corresponding given groups of inputs of these blocks are connected to the corresponding given intermediate outputs of the pulse distributor, in each and, therefore, in the first block of synthesis of additional reference frequencies, the counting inputs of the first and second frequency dividers and, thus, the first and second inputs of the corresponding synthesis block additional reference frequencies are connected by the outputs of the corresponding pulse synthesis blocks of the original reference frequencies, respectively, of the first and second predetermined groups of pulse synthesis blocks one reference frequency, the outputs of the first and second frequency dividers are connected, respectively, with the inputs of the first and second filters, the first and second inputs and the output of the frequency converter are connected, respectively, with the outputs of the first and second filters and with the input of the third filter, the output of the third filter is connected to the input of the pulse shaper and is the first output of the corresponding block for the synthesis of additional reference frequencies, the counting input of the third frequency divider is connected to the output of the pulse shaper and the output is connected to the input of the fourth filter, the output of the fourth filter is the second output of the corresponding block for synthesizing additional reference frequencies; in the block for synthesizing biasing frequencies, the counting inputs of the first and second frequency dividers are interconnected, forming the signal input of the block for synthesizing bias frequencies, and are connected to the output of the block for synthesizing pulses of the original bias frequency , the inputs of the first and second filters are connected, respectively, with the outputs of the first and second frequency dividers, and the outputs of these filters are, respectively, the first and second the outputs of the bias synthesis unit, in the pulse shaping unit, the input of the pulse shaper is the loop input of the block, the first input of the modulator and, thus, the signal input of the radio pulse shaping unit is connected to the output of the first filter and, thus, to the first output of the bias synthesis unit, the second the modulator input is connected to the output of the pulse former and the output is the output of the radio pulse generation unit and the signal output of the reference and control voltage generation unit, in the first block reference frequencies, the signal inputs of a given group of frequency converters, which are the corresponding group of signal inputs of the first reference frequency bias unit, are connected, respectively, to the first outputs of the group of synthesis blocks of additional reference frequencies and, thereby, with the output of the third filter of the first synthesis block of additional reference frequencies, the reference inputs are interconnected, forming the reference input of the first block of the reference frequency bias, with the reference input of the third block of the reference frequency bias and with the output of the multiplier the main reference frequency, and the outputs are a given group of reference outputs for the synthesis of additional reference frequencies of the first reference frequency offset unit and the reference and control voltage generation unit, in the second reference frequency offset unit, the specified group of signal inputs of the second reference frequency offset unit is connected to the second the outputs of the group of synthesis blocks of additional reference frequencies and, thereby, with the output of the fourth filter of the first block of synthesis of additional reference frequencies, and the reference input with is single with the output of the second filter of the bias synthesis unit and, therefore, with the second output of the bias synthesis unit, in the third reference frequency bias unit, the specified group of signal inputs of the third reference frequency bias unit is connected, respectively, to the group of outputs of the second reference bias frequency unit and the group of outputs is a predetermined group of reference outputs of the radiation of the node for the formation of reference and control voltages. 3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the block for synthesizing and detecting reception pulses comprises an adder, a block of temporary automatic gain control, a detector and a threshold block, a group of inputs of the adder and a cyclic input of a block of temporary automatic gain control the group of signal inputs and the cyclic input of the block for the synthesis and detection of reception pulses, the signal input and output of the automatic gain control unit are connected, respectively, with the output of the adder and with the input de projector of, a threshold input unit connected to the output of the detector and the output is the output synthesis unit and a detection of reception pulses. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the monitoring unit comprises a distribution control counter, a pulse distributor, a predetermined group of keys, a first signal adder, first, second and third sawtooth voltage generators, respectively, of a cyclic scan, clock scan and raster offset, the second raster displacement adder and the oscilloscope, the input of the sawtooth voltage generator of the clock scan is the clock input of the observation unit and the output is connected to the horizontal deviation input of the oscilloscope, the input of the distribution control counter and the input of the cyclic sawtooth voltage generator are interconnected and are the cycle input of the monitoring unit, the distribution control counter reset input is connected to the input of the raster bias voltage sawtooth generator and to the final output of the pulse distributor, and the specified group of discharge outputs is connected, respectively , with a given group of inputs of the pulse distributor, in a given group of keys, the signal inputs of these keys are a given group According to the signal inputs of the monitoring unit, the control inputs are connected, respectively, with the specified intermediate outputs of the pulse distributor and the outputs are connected with the corresponding specified inputs of the first adder, the output of the first adder is connected to the input of the brightness mark of the oscilloscope, in the second adder, the first and second inputs and output are connected, respectively , with the output of the sawtooth shaper of cyclic scan voltage, with the output of the sawtooth of voltage raster bias raster and with the input of the vertical deviation about oscilloscope. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the block of selection and measurement of time intervals contains an adder, a block of selection of a given maximum amplitude, first and second triggers, first and second delay blocks, first and second integrators and first and second keys, a given group the adder inputs is, respectively, a given group of signal inputs of the selection and time interval measurement unit and the output is connected to the input of the selection unit of a given maximum amplitude, the signal inputs of the first and second triggers are connected between on itself and with the output of the selection block of a given maximum amplitude, the reset input of the first trigger, the inputs of the first and second delay blocks, and the control inputs of the first and second keys are interconnected and are a loop input of the selection and measurement of time intervals, the reset input of the second trigger is clock the input of the selection and measurement unit for time intervals, the signal inputs of the first and second integrators are connected, respectively, with the outputs of the first and second triggers, the reset inputs are with outputs, respectively of the first and second delay units, and outputs - to the signal inputs, respectively, the first and second keys, the outputs of the first and second keys are respectively first and second outputs of the selection unit and the measurement time intervals. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that, as a given group of radiation antennas, a given group of slotted radiation antennas is used uniformly distributed on respective predetermined segments of the first predetermined straight line along the axis of the aircraft fuselage with a given distance of removal from the radiation starting point, as of the first and second predetermined groups of receiving antennas, the first and second groups of slotted receiving antennas are used uniformly distributed over respective predetermined segments of the first predetermined straight line with a predetermined the distance from a given starting point of reception located on the first given straight line at a given distance from the starting point of radiation, the third and fourth groups of receiving antennas are used as the third and fourth groups of slotted receiving antennas uniformly distributed with a given step of removal from the starting receiving point on the corresponding predetermined segments of the second predetermined straight line located in the plane of the wings of the aircraft and intersecting with the first predetermined straight line at the starting point n iema at a predetermined angle to the first predetermined straight line.

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