RU2158058C1 - Radio transmission line - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: communication, navigation, remote control and radar equipment. SUBSTANCE: device may be used for surveillance transmission of signals using split and switched beams. Device has signal transmission unit, wave communication unit, and group of units for signal reception, unit of switching and reference voltage, beam splitting unit, beam rotation unit, beam signal separation unit, group of units for beam generation, group of antennas for reception of signals, signal separation unit, and unit for alteration of beam parameters, master oscillator, synthesizer of reference frequencies, and distributor of switching pulses, group of units for pulse switching , and group of units for amplitude and phase correction of signals, group of frequency converters, group of beam switching units, groups of beam synthesis units, group of antennas for signal emitting, unit for filtering pulse radio signals and unit for detection of control pulses, group of units for measuring relative time shifts of pulses, and group of units for evaluation of frequencies of pulse sequence envelopes. EFFECT: increased precision, speed and reliability of detection of angular three-dimensional coordinates. 3 cl, 9 dwg, 2 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the field of radio communications, radio navigation, radio control and radar, and is intended for the survey transmission of signals by split and switched beams.

 A known radio link containing on the transmitting side a group of channels that contain message sources, message converters and an adder, the radio path, and on the receiving side containing a separator of message channels [1].

 The disadvantage of this device is the low accuracy of determining onboard the direction to the transmitting antenna due to the substantially small apertures of the onboard antennas and the use of an additional radar system on the ground to measure the angular coordinates of the aircraft.

 Known radar multi-beam antenna system containing on the transmitting side a group of antenna switches, a group of horn irradiators and a parabolic reflector, and on the receiving side containing a group of receivers.

 The disadvantage of this device is the determination of the angular coordinates of the aircraft only on the ground and the resulting use of an additional channel to transmit on board the aircraft information about the angular coordinates of the aircraft measured on the ground [2].

 Closest to the technical nature of the proposed device is a radio line containing a signal transmission unit, a wave communication channel and a group of signal reception units, and in a signal transmission unit containing a master oscillator and a main frequency converter, in a wave communication channel containing a main antenna for signal emission and a predetermined a group of antennas for receiving signals, and in each block receiving signals containing a filtering block of pulsed radio signals, the input of which is connected to the output of the corresponding antenna for receiving signals I [3].

 The disadvantage of this device is the low accuracy, speed and reliability of determining the angular spatial coordinates by airborne systems and the complexity of ground-based systems for extracting and transmitting information and goniometric signals.

 The aim of the proposed technical solution is to increase the accuracy, speed and reliability of determining the angular spatial coordinates by airborne systems and simplify ground-based systems for extracting and transmitting information and goniometric signals.

 According to the proposed technical solution, the goal is achieved by the fact that in the radio line containing the signal transmission unit, the wave communication channel and the group of signal reception units, and in the signal transmission unit containing the master oscillator and the main frequency converter, and in the wave communication channel containing the main antenna for radiation signals and a given group of antennas for receiving signals, and in each block receiving signals containing a filtering block of pulsed radio signals, the input of which is connected to the output of the corresponding antennas for receiving signals, a reference frequency synthesizer has been introduced in the signal transmission unit, which defines the input-output, the cyclic input-output and the frame input-outputs of which are the corresponding inputs and outputs of the synthesizer and device, and a switching pulse distributor, which together with the master generator form a switching node and reference voltages, a beam splitting unit, consisting of a control pulse generating unit, a predetermined control group of inputs of which is a predetermined control group of device inputs, and a control unit for parameters of signals and beams, a given signal group of inputs of which is a given signal group of inputs of the device, a specified group of additional frequency converters, which forms, together with the main frequency converter, a beam rotation unit, and a beam signal dilution unit, consisting of a group of beam signal distribution blocks, predetermined additional groups of inputs and outputs of which are, respectively, a given additional group of inputs and a given additional group of outputs of the device, the wave communication channel introduced a given group of additional antennas for emitting signals, forming, together with the main antenna for emitting signals, the main block of synthesis of rays, a given group of additional blocks of synthesis of rays, forming together with the main block of synthesis of rays the main node of beam formation, and a given group of additional nodes of formation rays, and in the signal receiving unit, a control pulse extraction unit is introduced, the information input-output of which is the information input-output of the device and forming, together with the filtering unit of pulsed radio signals, a separation unit for beam signals, and a unit for measuring parameters of signals and rays, containing a predetermined group of units for measuring mutual time shifts of pulses, the outputs of which are channel angular outputs of the device, and a predetermined group of units for estimating the frequencies of the envelopes of the pulse sequences, the outputs of which are channel Doppler outputs of the device, which defines the input-output, cyclic input-output, personnel input-output and a given reference the output signal synthesizer outputs are connected respectively to the output of the master oscillator, with a reset input and a clock input of a switching pulse distributor, and with a reference group of inputs of a control block of signal and beam parameters, given switching groups of inputs of a control pulse generating unit and switching inputs of a given group of beam signal distribution blocks respectively combined and connected with a given group of outputs of the distributor of switching pulses, a given group of outputs of the block f The control pulse generation is respectively connected to a given control group of inputs of the control unit for signal and beam parameters, the signal inputs of the main and additional frequency converters are combined and connected to the signal output of the control unit for signal and beam parameters, the reference inputs of the main and additional frequency converters are connected to the corresponding reference outputs of the block control parameters of signals and rays, the signal inputs of the distribution blocks of the signals of the rays, respectively combined and connected to the outputs of the frequency converters, the inputs of the main and additional antennas for radiation of the signals of the main and the group of additional beam synthesis units in the main and in each additional beam forming unit are respectively combined and connected to the signal outputs of the respective beam signal distribution units, the input of the control pulse extraction unit connected to the output of the filtering block of pulsed radio signals, the trigger inputs and reset inputs of the measuring units of mutual time shifts impu LSS are connected to the corresponding outputs of the group of paired outputs of the control pulse allocation block and the inputs of the frequency envelope estimation blocks of the pulse sequences are connected to the corresponding outputs of the channel output group of the control pulse allocation block.

 A frame frequency divider, a cyclic frequency divider, a given group of frequency multipliers and a given group of frequency converters are introduced into the reference frequency synthesizer, a predetermined group of pulse switching blocks consisting of a given group of key elements and an adder is introduced into the control unit for signal parameters and of rays, an amplitude correction block is introduced, consisting of a given group of voltage dividers, a given group of key elements and an adder, and a group of phase corrector blocks of a group consisting of a given group of phase shifters, a given group of key elements and an adder, a predetermined group of key elements and a given group of adders are introduced into the ray signal distribution blocks, an impulse detector, a pulse edge allocation block, the first and second pulse delay units are introduced into the control pulse allocation block , cyclic pulse allocation counter, cyclic pulse recognition counter, control pulse expansion unit, cyclic key element, frame key element, impu inverter xs, a reset pulse generator, a given frame group of gating pulse delay units, a given frame group of gating pulse extension units, a specified channel group of key elements, a specified group of pulse envelope envelope detectors, a radio signal delay unit and a group of channel grouping units consisting of a trigger trigger element and a key reset element, a pulse counter, a calculating pulse generator and a digital a tax converter, and a pulse counter, a reset pulse generator, and a digital-to-analog converter are introduced into the blocks for estimating the frequencies of the envelope of the pulse sequences; in the reference frequency synthesizer, the input of the frame frequency divider, the input of the cycle frequency divider, and the signal inputs of the frequency converters are connected and are the input / output of the unit and the device , the output of the cyclic frequency divider is the cyclic input-output of the unit and the device, the inputs of the frequency multipliers are combined, connected to the output For the frame frequency, they are the frame input and output of the unit and the device, the reference inputs of the frequency converters are connected to the outputs of the corresponding frequency multipliers and the outputs of the frequency converters are a group of reference outputs of the block, in the control pulse generation block, the switching inputs of the key elements of the pulse switching blocks are respectively interconnected and are the switching group of inputs of the control pulse generation unit, the signal inputs of the key elements are the control a group of inputs of the control pulse generation block and the device, the outputs of the key elements are connected to the inputs of the respective adders and the outputs of the adders are the group of outputs of the control pulse generation block, in the control unit of the signal and beam parameters, the switching inputs of the key elements of the amplitude correction block and the group of phase correction blocks are respectively connected between themselves and are the switching group of inputs of the control unit for the parameters of signals and beams, the signal inputs of key elements They are connected to the outputs of the respective voltage dividers and phase shifters and the outputs of the key elements are connected to the inputs of the respective adders, the inputs of the voltage dividers and the output of the adder of the amplitude correction unit are the signal group of inputs and the signal output of the signal and ray parameter control unit, and the inputs of the phase shifters and the outputs of the adders of the corresponding blocks phase corrections are the reference group of inputs and the reference group of outputs of the control unit for parameters of signals and beams, in the blocks of distribution beam signals, the switching inputs of the key elements of the block are interconnected and are the switching input of the block, the signal inputs of the key elements are a signal group of the inputs of the block and the outputs of the key elements are connected to the inputs of the corresponding adders, the outputs of the adders are a signal group of the outputs of the block, free inputs of the adders and outputs of the key elements are additional groups of inputs and outputs of the block and device, in the block of allocation of control pulses the inputs of the pulse detector and the block of delay of radio signals are interconnected and are the information input-output of the block and device and the output of the pulse detectors is connected to the input of the block of selection of the edges of the pulses, the inputs of the first and second blocks of the delay of pulses and the signal input of the counter recognition of cyclic pulses are combined and connected to the output of the block of selection of fronts pulses, the counting input, the reset input and the output of the counter for selecting cyclic pulses are connected, respectively, with the output of the first delay unit, with the output of the frame key ele time and the signal input of the cyclic key element, the input of the reset counter of the recognition of cyclic pulses and the signal input of the frame key element are combined and connected to the output of the reset pulse generator, the output of the inverter of pulses is connected to the switching input of the frame key element, the output of the counter of recognition of cycle pulses is connected to the input of the expansion unit control pulses, the pulse inverter input and the switching input of the cyclic key element are combined and connected to the output of the expansion unit control pulses, the inputs of the gate delay units are combined and connected to the output of the cyclic key element, the inputs of the expansion gates of the pulse pulses are connected to the outputs of the respective delay pulses of the strobe pulses, the signal inputs of the key elements of the channel group are combined and connected to the output of the delay block of the radio signals, the outputs of the key elements of the channel groups are connected to the inputs of the corresponding detectors of the envelope of the pulse sequence, the switching inputs of the first rear of the given partial group of key elements of the channel group are combined with the switching inputs of the key triggering elements of the corresponding channel grouping units and connected to the outputs of the expansion units of the strobe pulses of the corresponding first predetermined partial group, the switching inputs of the second specified partial group of the key elements of the channel group are combined with the switching inputs of the key reset elements of the corresponding channel grouping units and connected to the outputs of the strobe expansion units pulses of the corresponding second predetermined partial group, in the units for measuring the mutual time shifts of the pulses, the start input and the reset input of the pulse counter are the corresponding inputs of the block, the counter input of the pulse counter is connected to the output of the clock pulse generator, the specified group of inputs of the digital-to-analog converter is respectively connected to the specified group of counter outputs pulses and the output of the digital-to-analog converter is the corresponding goniometric output of the block and device, in ah pulse counter frequency estimation of the envelopes of pulse sequences count input is an input unit, the pulse counter reset input connected to the output of the generator reset pulses, given input group DAC respectively connected to a predetermined group of pulse counter outputs, and output the digital to analog converter is accordingly Doppler output of the unit and the device.

 Antennas for signal emission are structurally made in the form of antenna elements of the corresponding groups of beam former located on the first, second and third straight lines intersecting at right angles at a given point in space and forming a given coordinate system in three-dimensional space, antenna elements of the first and second groups of antennas for radiation signals are uniformly distributed on the first and second intervals of a given length of the first straight line, the third and fourth groups of antenna elements evenly distributed divided into third and fourth intervals of a given length of the second straight line, and the fifth and sixth groups of antenna elements are evenly distributed in the fifth and sixth intervals of a given length of the third straight line; the main antenna elements of all groups of antennas for radiation are located symmetrically relative to a given point of intersection of straight lines, the remaining radiating antenna elements of the corresponding groups are removed from this point along the corresponding straight lines; forming a design in the form of a three-dimensional spatial cross from the corresponding groups of antenna elements.

In the description of the proposed device, the definitions are used:
- "rotation of the rays" - the effect of continuous rotation in a given plane of location of a given group of antennas of the common-mode addition line - the "beam", a group of electromagnetic fields emitted by antenna elements;
- "splitting rays" - the simultaneous receipt of a group of lines of common-mode addition of electromagnetic fields emitted by one group of antenna elements - the formation of partial rays of a common electromagnetic field.

 Coherent frequency and phase shifts with red differences of frequencies and phases are introduced into the emitted signals by groups of spatially separated antennas, which ensure the production (synthesis) of rotating beams, as well as mutual amplitude and phase corrections, which provide a spectrum of the sum of mutually delayed pulses and the corresponding partial parts of the rays, sequentially formed by the corresponding groups of antennas. On the receiving side of the device, mutual time shifts between the received pulses of the rays and, thus, the angular coordinates of these rays and the frequency of the envelopes of the pulse sequences and, thus, the Doppler frequency shifts are measured. Structurally, the antenna is made, for example, in the form of a three-dimensional cross.

 In FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the proposed device, FIG. 2 ... 8 are block diagrams of examples of components and blocks of the proposed device and in FIG. 9 is an example of the location in space of the structural elements of the antenna system.

The device of FIG. 1 comprises a signal transmission unit 1, a wave communication channel 2 and a group of signal reception units 3 ₁ ... 3 _R.

 The signal transmission unit comprises a switching and reference voltage node 4, a beam splitting unit 5, a beam rotation unit 6 and a beam signal diluting unit 7.

The wave communication channel contains a group of nodes 8 ₁ ... 8 _M beamforming, consisting of the main 8 ₁ and a group of additional nodes 8 ₂ ... 8 _M beamforming, and a group of antennas 9 ₁ ... 9 _R for receiving signals.

 The signal receiving units comprise a beam-signal separation unit 10 and a signal and beam parameter measurement unit 11.

 The node switching and reference voltages contains a master oscillator 12, a synthesizer 13 reference frequencies and a distributor 14 switching pulses.

 The beam splitting unit comprises a control pulse generating unit 15 and a signal and beam parameter control unit 16.

The node rotation of the rays contains the main Converter 17 ₁ frequency and a group of additional converters 17 ₂ ... 17 _N frequency.

The ray signal dilution unit comprises a group of ray signal distribution blocks 18 ₁ ... 18 _M consisting of a main ray signal distribution block 18 ₁ and a group of additional ray signal distribution blocks 18 ₂ ... 18 _M.

The ray-forming nodes comprise a group of ray synthesis blocks 19 ₁ ... 19 _K consisting of a main ray synthesis block 19 ₁ and a group of additional ray synthesis blocks 19 ₂ ... 19 _K.

The ray synthesis nodes comprise a main antenna 20 ₁ for emitting signals and a group of additional antennas 20 ₂ ... 20 _N for emitting signals.

 The beam signal separation unit comprises a pulse filtering filtering unit 21 and a control pulse extraction unit 22.

The node measuring the parameters of signals and beams contains a group of blocks 23 ₁ ... 23 _{M / 2} measuring mutual time shifts of pulses and a group of blocks 24 ₁ , 24 ₂ ... 24 _M-1 , 24 _M estimating the frequencies of the envelopes of the pulse sequences.

The reference frequency synthesizer (Fig. 2) contains a frame frequency divider 25, a cycle frequency divider 26, a group of 27 ₁ , 27 ₂ ... 27 _N frequency multipliers, and a group of 28 ₁ , 28 ₂ ... 28 _N frequency converters.

The control pulse generation block (Fig. 3) contains a group of pulse switching blocks 29 ₁ ... 29 _L , consisting of a group of key elements 30 ₁ ... .30 _M and an adder 31.

The control unit for the parameters of the signals and beams (Fig. 4) contains a block 32 of the amplitude correction, consisting of a group of voltage dividers 33 ₁ ... 33 _L , a group of key elements 34 ₁ . ..34 _L and the adder 35, and a group of blocks 36 ₁ , 36 ₂ . . .36 _N phase correction, consisting of a group of phase shifters 37 ₁ ... 37 _L , a group of key elements 38 ₁ ... 38 _L and an adder 39.

The ray signal distribution blocks (Fig. 5) comprise a main key element 40 ₁ and an additional group of key elements 40 ₂ ... 40 _N and a main adder 41 ₁ and an additional group of adders 41 ₂ ... 41 _N.

The control pulse extraction block (Fig. 6) contains a pulse detector 42, a pulse edge allocation block 43, a first pulse delay block 44, a cycle pulse allocation counter 45, a cycle pulse recognition counter 46, a control pulse extension block 47, a cyclic key element 48, a frame key element 49, pulse inverter 50, reset pulse generator 51, second pulse delay block 52, frame group of gates 53 ₁ , 53 ₂ ..53 _M-1 , 53 _M gate delay pulses, frame group of blocks 54 ₁ , 54 ₂ .. 54 _M-1 54 _M expanding strobed constituent pulses channel set key elements 55 _1, 55 ₂ ..55 _M-1, 55 _M, a predetermined group of detectors 56 _1, 56 ₂ ..56 _M-1, 56 _M of the envelopes of pulse sequences of radio signals of delay unit 57, a predetermined group blocks 58 ₁ ..58 _{M / 2} channel grouping, consisting of a key element 59 ₁ start and key element 59 ₂ reset.

 Blocks for measuring mutual time shifts of pulses (Fig. 7) contain a counter 60 pulses, a generator 61 of counting pulses and a digital-to-analog converter 62.

 The frequency envelope estimation blocks of the pulse sequence envelopes (FIG. 8) comprise a pulse counter 63, a reset pulse generator 64 and a digital-to-analog converter 65.

In block 13, position 66 is the reference input-output of the block and device, positions 67 and 66 are cycle and frame inputs and outputs of the block and device, positions 69 ₁ , 69 ₂ ..69 _N are the reference group of block outputs.

In block 15, positions 70 ₁₁ ..70 _M1 ..70 _1L ..70 _ML are the control group of block and device inputs, positions 71 ₁ ..71 _M are a switching group of block inputs and positions 72 ₁ ..72 _L are group of block outputs .

In block 16, positions 73 ₁ ..73 _L are the signal group of inputs of the block and device, positions 74 ₁ , 74 ₂ . .74 _N are the reference group of block inputs, positions 75 ₁ ..75 _L are the control group of block inputs, position 76 is the signal output of the block and positions 77 ₁ , 77 ₂ ..77 _N are the reference group of block outputs.

In blocks 17..18, positions 78 ₁ , 78 ₂ ..78 _N are the signal group of the block inputs, positions 79 ₁₁ ..79 _1J , 79 ₂₁ ..79 _2J .. 79 _N1 ..79 _NJ are the additional group of block inputs and device, position 80 is the switching input of the unit, position 81 ₁ , 81 ₂ . .81 _N are the signal group of the block outputs and positions 82 ₁ , 82 ₂ . . 82 _N are an additional group of outputs of the block and device.

In block 22, position 83 is the information input / output of the device, position 84 ₁₁ , 84 ₁₂ . .84 _{(M / 2) 1} , 84 _{(M / 2) 2} are a group of trigger outputs and reset outputs of a group of paired block outputs, positions 85 ₁ , 85 ₂ ..85 _M-1 , 85 _M are a channel group of block outputs.

In blocks 23 ₁ ..23 _{M / 2,} position 86 is the block start input, position 87 is the block reset input, and position 88 is the corresponding channel goniometric output of the block and device.

In blocks 24 ₁ , 24 ₂ ..24 _M-1 , 24 _M, position 89 is the input and position 90 is the corresponding channel Doppler output of the unit and the device.

In FIG. 8, positions 91 and 92 are the first and second intervals on the first line (along the OX axis) of the location, respectively, of the first and second groups of antennas 20 ₁ , 20 ₂ ..20 _N for signal emission (block 19 ₁ at nodes 8 ₁ and 8 ₂ ), positions 93 and 94 are the third and fourth intervals on the second line (along the OY axis) crossing the first line at right angles and on which the third and fourth groups of antennas 20 ₁ , 20 ₂ ..20 _{N are located} for signal emission (block 19 ₁ at nodes 8 ₃ and 8 ₄ ), positions 95 and 96 are the fifth and sixth intervals on the third line (along the OZ axis), intersect the first and second lines at right angles (in the corresponding coordinate planes) and on which the fifth and sixth groups of antennas 20 ₁ , 20 ₂ .. 20 _N are located, respectively, for signal emission (blocks 19 ₁ at nodes 8 ₅ and 8 ₆ ), positions 97 ₁ , 97 ₂ .. 97 _N , 98 ₁ , 98 ₂ ..98 _N , 99 ₁ , 99 ₂ ..99 _N , 100 ₁ , 100 ₂ ..100 _N , 101 ₁ , 101 ₂ ..101 _N , 102 ₁ , 102 ₂ ..102 _N are respectively the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth groups of antenna elements corresponding to the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth groups of antennas 20 ₁ , 20 ₂ ..20 _N for radiation signals.

 In FIG. 1 nodes and blocks are connected as follows.

Input 66 and outputs 67, 68, 69 ₁ , 69 ₂ ..69 _{N of} block 13 are connected respectively to the output of block 12, to the reset input and clock input of block 14, and to inputs 74 ₁ , 74 ₂ ..74 _{N of} block 16.

Inputs 71 ₁ . .71 _{M of} block 15 and inputs 80 of blocks 18 ₁ ..18 _{M are} connected and connected to the corresponding outputs of block 14 and outputs 72 ₁ ..72 _{L of} block 15 are respectively connected to inputs 75 ₁ ..75 _{L of} block 16.

The signal inputs of blocks 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ ..17 _{N are} combined and connected to the output 76 of block 16, the reference inputs of blocks 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ ..17 _{N are} respectively connected to the outputs 77 ₁ , 77 ₂ ..77 _{N of} block 16.

The inputs 78 ₁ , 78 ₂ ..78 _N blocks 18 ₁ ..18 _M respectively combined and connected to the outputs of the blocks 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ ..17 _N.

The inputs of the antennas 20 ₁ , 20 ₂ ..20 _N for emitting signals of the blocks 19 ₁ ..19 _{K of} each of the nodes 8 ₁ . .8 _{M are} respectively combined and connected to the outputs 81 ₁ , 81 ₂ , 81 _{N of} blocks 18 ₁ . . 18 _M , the outputs of the antennas 9 ₁ ..9 _R for receiving signals are respectively connected to the inputs of the blocks 21 of the blocks 3 ₁ ..3 _R.

The input 83 of block 22 is connected to the output of block 21, the inputs 86 and 87 of blocks 23 ₁ .. 23 _{M / 2 are} respectively connected to the outputs 84 ₁₁ , 84 ₁₂ ... 84 _{(M / 2) 1} , 84 _{(M / 2) 2} block 22, inputs 88 of blocks 24 ₁ , 24 ₂ ..24 _M-1 , 24 _M, respectively, are connected to the outputs 85 ₁ , 85 ₂ ..85 _M-1 , 85 _{M of} block 22.

 In FIG. 2..8 block diagram elements are connected as follows.

In block 13 (Fig. 2), the inputs of blocks 25, 26 and the signal inputs of blocks 28 ₁ , 28 ₂ . . 28 _{N are} combined and are the input 66 of block 13, the outputs of blocks 26, 28 ₁ , 28 ₂ . . 28 _N are outputs 67, 69 ₁ , 69 ₂ ..69 _{N of} block 13, inputs of blocks 27 ₁ , 27 ₂ . . 27 _{N are} combined, connected to the output of block 25 and are the output 88 of block 13, the reference inputs of blocks 28 ₁ , 28 ₂ ..28 _{N are} connected to the outputs of blocks 27 ₁ , 27 ₂ ... 27 _N.

In block 15 (Fig. 3), the signal inputs of blocks 30 ₁ ..30 _M contained in blocks 29 ₁ . .29 _L , are inputs 70 ₁₁ ..70 _M1 .. 70 _1L ..70 _{ML of} block 15, the switching inputs of blocks 30 ₁ ..30 _{M of} blocks 29 ₁ ..29 _{L are} respectively interconnected and are inputs 71 ₁ .. 71 _{M of} block 15, the outputs of blocks 30 ₁ ..30 _M in each of the blocks 29 ₁ ..29 _{L are} connected to the corresponding inputs of block 31 and the outputs of blocks 31 are outputs 72 ₁ ..72 _{L of} block 15.

In block 16 (Fig. 4), the inputs of blocks 33 ₁ ..33 _L contained in block 32 are inputs 73 ₁ ..73 _{L of} block 16, the signal inputs of blocks 34 ₁ ..34 _{L are} connected to the outputs of blocks 33 ₁ .. 33 _L and the outputs of the blocks 34 ₁ ..34 _{L are} connected to the corresponding inputs of the block 35, the inputs of the blocks 37 ₁ ..37 _L in each of the blocks 36 ₁ , 36 ₂ . .36 _N are interconnected and are inputs 74 ₁ , 74 ₂ ..74 _{N of} block 16, the signal inputs of blocks 38 ₁ ..38 _{L are} connected to the outputs of blocks 37 ₁ ..37 _L and the outputs of blocks 38 ₁ ..38 _{L are} connected with the corresponding inputs of block 39, the switching inputs of blocks 34 ₁ ..34 _L , 38 ₁ ..38 _L in blocks 32 and 36 ₁ , 36 ₂ ..36 _{N are} respectively interconnected and are inputs 75 ₁ ..75 _{M of} block 16 , the output of block 35 in block 32 and the outputs of blocks 39 in blocks 36 ₁ , 36 ₂ ..36 _N are outputs 76, 77 ₁ , 77 ₂ ..77 _{N of} block 16.

In blocks 18 ₁ ..18 _M (Fig. 5), the signal inputs of blocks 40 ₁ , 40 ₂ ..40 _N are inputs 78 ₁ , 78 ₂ . .78 _N blocks 18 ₁ ..18 _M , the outputs of blocks 40 ₁ , 40 ₂ ..40 _{N are} connected to the first inputs of blocks 41 ₁ , 41 ₂ ..41 _N and are outputs 82 ₁ , 82 ₂ . . 82 _N blocks 18 ₁ . .18 _M , free inputs of blocks 41 ₁ , 41 ₂ ..41 _N are inputs 79 ₁₁ . . 79 _1J , 79 ₂₁ ..79 _2J , 79 _N1 ..79 _NJ blocks 18 ₁ ..18 _M , the switching inputs of blocks 40 ₁ , 40 ₂ ..40 _N in each of the blocks 18 ₁ ..18 _M are interconnected and are the inputs 80 of the respective blocks 18 ₁ ..18 _M , the outputs of the blocks 41 ₁ , 41 ₂ ..41 _N are the outputs 81 ₁ , 81 ₂ ..81 _{N of the} blocks 18 ₁ ..18 _M.

In block 22 (Fig. 6), the input of block 42 and the input of block 57 are interconnected and are the input 83 of block 22, the output of block 42 is connected to the input of block 43, the inputs of blocks 44, 52 and the counting input of block 46 are combined and connected to the output of the block 43, the counting input, the reset input and the output of block 45 are connected respectively to the output of block 44, the output of block 49 and the signal input of block 48, the reset input of block 46 and the signal input of block 49 are combined and connected to the output of block 51, the output of block 50 is connected to the switching the input of block 49, the output of block 46 is connected to the input of block 47, the input of block 50 and commute The input input of block 48 is combined and connected to the output of block 47, the inputs of blocks 53 ₁ , 53 ₂ .. 53 _M-1 , 53 _{M are} combined and connected to the output of block 48, the inputs of blocks 54 ₁ , 54 ₂ . . 54 _M-1 ,. .54 _{M are} respectively connected to the outputs of blocks 53 ₁ , 53 ₂ .. 53 _M-1 , 53 _M , the switching inputs of blocks 55 ₁ , 55 ₂ .. 55 _M-1 , ..55 _{M are} respectively connected to the outputs of blocks 54 ₁ , 54 ₂ .. 54 _M-1 , 54 _M , signal inputs of units 55 ₁ , 55 ₂ . . 55 _M-1 , .55 _{M are} combined and connected to the output of block 57, the outputs of blocks 55 ₁ , 55 ₂ . . 55 _M-1 , 55 _M are outputs 85 ₁ , 85 ₂ ..85 _M-1 , ..85 _{M of} block 22, the signal inputs of blocks 59 ₁ and 59 _{2 of} all blocks 58 ₁ ..58 _{M / 2 are} combined and connected to the output of block 52, the switching inputs of blocks 59 ₁ and 59 _{2 of} all blocks 58 ₁ . . 58 _{2 are} connected to the outputs of the first and second partial groups of blocks 54 ₁ , 54 ₂ ..54 _M-1 ..54 _M , respectively, corresponding, for example, to these blocks with odd and even numbers, the outputs of blocks 59 ₁ and 59 _{2 of} all blocks 58 ₁ ..58 _{M / 2} are outputs 84 ₁₁ ..84 ₁₂ ..84 _{(M / 2) 1} ..84 _{(M-1) 2} blocks 22.

In blocks 23 ₁ ..23 _{M / 2} (Fig. 7), the start input and reset input of block 60 are inputs 86 and 87 of blocks 23 ₁ ..23 _{M / 2} , the counting input of block 60 is connected to the output of block 61, the outputs of block 60 respectively connected by the inputs of block 62, the output of block 62 is the output of the corresponding block 23 ₁ ..23 _{M / 2} .

In blocks 24 ₁ ..24 _M (Fig. 8), the reset input of block 63 is connected to the output of block 64, the outputs of block 63 are respectively connected to the inputs of block 65, the counting input of block 63 and the output of block 65 are the input and output of the corresponding block 24 ₁ . .24 _M.

The specific implementation of the blocks and nodes of the device is determined by the used elemental base. For example, in FIG. 1 as antennas 9 ₁ ..9 _R antenna elements of a horn type are used [4, p. 25..28], as block 12 - the generator [5, p. 164..198], as block 14 - pulse distributor [6, p. 67. .68], as blocks 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ ..17 _N - frequency converters [4, p. 125. .126], as antennas 20 ₁ , 20 ₂ ..20 _N - antenna elements of a horn type [4, p. 25..28], as a block 21 - a connected receiver [4, p. 105..107].

In FIG. 2..8 as blocks 25 and 26, frequency dividers are used [5, p. 137.. 144], as blocks 27 ₁ , 27 ₂ ..27 _N - frequency multipliers [7, p. 170. .193], as blocks 28 ₁ , 28 ₂ ..28 _N - frequency converters [4, p. 125.. 126], analog keys are used as blocks 30..30 [8, p. 205 ... 208], as the block 31 - the adder [8, p. 105..108], as blocks 33 ₁ ..33 _L are the amplitude correctors [9, p. 21..46], as blocks 34 ₁ . .34 _L - analog keys [8, p. 205..208], as the block 35 - the adder [8, p. 105. ..108], as blocks 37 ₁ ..37 _L - phase correctors [9, p. 21 .. 46], as blocks 38 ₁ ..38 _L - analog keys [8, p. 205..208], as a block 39 - an adder [8, p.105..108], as blocks 40 ₁ , 40 ₂ ..40 _N - analog keys [8, p. 205. .208], as blocks 41 ₁ , 41 ₂ ..41 _N - adders [8, p. 105..108], as a block 42, a video detector [10, p. 59 .. 62], as block 43 - block selection of the fronts of pulses [6, p. 78], as block 44 - a waiting multivibrator [11, p. 14..17], as blocks 45 and 46, pulse counters [12, p. 461..466], as block 47 - a waiting multivibrator [11, p. 14..17], as blocks 48 and 49 - analog keys [8, p. 205..208], as a block 51 generator [6, p. 65..67], as block 52 - a waiting multivibrator [11, p. 14..17], as blocks 53 ₁ , 53 ₂ . .53 _M-1 , 53 _M , 54 ₁ , 54 ₂ ..54 _M-1 , 54 _M - waiting multivibrators [11, p. 14 .. 17], as blocks 55 ₁ , 55 ₂ ..55 _M-1 , 55 _M - analog keys [8, p. 205 .. 208], as blocks 56 ₁ , 56 ₂ ..56 _M-1 , 56 _M - video detectors [10, p.59..62], as block 57 - a delay line [11, p. 207..252], as blocks 59 ₁ and 59 ₂ - analog keys [8, p. 205..208], as the block 60 is a pulse counter [12, p. 461..466], as a block 61 - a generator [6, p. 65..67], as block 62 - digital-to-analog converter [12, p. 492..497], as the block 63 is a pulse counter [12, p. 461..466], as a block 64 - the generator [12, p. 393..399], as block 65 - digital-to-analog converter [12, p. 492..497].

Note that the proposed device in specific cases is combined and connected to external add-on devices corresponding to these cases, for example:
- with an external additional system for generating ray signals through an additional group of inputs and using a master output and a switching group of device outputs;
- with an external auxiliary antenna system for emitting signals through an additional group of device outputs;
- with an external system for interfacing the proposed device with an information group of external sources of radio signals through a signal group of device inputs and with a control group of external sources of specified constant voltages through a control group of device inputs; this external device contains a group of local oscillators and a group of frequency converters for transferring the carrier frequencies of the information group of radio signals to a given carrier frequency of the input signals of the device [4, p. 110].

 The device of FIG. 1 works as follows.

 In each cycle of signal transmission, frame-by-frame temporal combining (compaction) of signals on the transmitting side, the formation and combining of rotating beams in space, spatial synthesis of the sequence of channel impulse signals (see Example 1), and frame and channel temporal separation of signals on the receiving side are carried out. As synchronizing pulses, for example, a cyclic pulse is transmitted in the first frame using the splitting of a rotating beam.

The group of signal inputs 73 ₁ ..73 _{L of} block 16 is supplied with L corresponding external input signals, for example, commands for switching on-board mechanisms, rudders, operating modes of on-board systems, communication and control signals.

The group of control inputs 70 ₁₁ ..70 _{ML of} block 15 is supplied with a predetermined group of corresponding control signals (given voltages of zero and single levels) that establish a given time order of sequential supply of external input signals and the sequence of changes in phases and amplitudes of each external amplitude signals and phase correctors L of N corresponding reference signals.

 At node 4, from a voltage 12 of a given carrier frequency in block 13, a group of reference voltages is formed, the frequency and phase differences of which are multiples of the specified step frequencies and phases, the frame frequency voltage equal to the specified frequency step and the cycle frequency voltage a specified number of times (for example, 6 times) less frame rate. A pulse distributor 14 forms a group of pulse sequences of cyclic frequency, the mutual shift of which and the pulse durations in which are equal to a given frame duration.

 At node 5, from the group of input signals, a sequence of frame pulses is formed with the specified correcting decreases in the values of these signals, respectively, to the frame number, and from the group of reference voltages received from block 4, a group of sequences of reference frame pulses is formed with the additional specified corrective phase shifts entered accordingly to the frame number.

In node 6, the frequency converters 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ ..17 _N in the sequence of amplitude-corrected frame pulses coming from the signal output of block 16, introduce the frequency and correcting phase shifts of the sequences of frame pulses coming from the reference group of outputs of block 16. At the outputs of the blocks 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ ..17 _{N the} amplitudes and phases of the harmonic signals received in the given frames correspond, for example, to the spectral components of the sum of 16 radio pulses mutually shifted by the given times, i.e., the spectrum of 16 parts of the radio pulse.

In node 7, the outputs of the group of blocks 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ ..17 _N are alternately frame-by-frame connected to the inputs of the groups of spatially separated antennas 20 ₁ , 20 ₂ ..20 _N for emitting signals contained in a given group of blocks 19 ₁ . . 19 _K ray synthesis 19 ₁ ..19 _K in the nodes of the beam formation 8 ₁ ..8 _M. Using external signals synchronized by the output voltages of node 4 and supplied to the auxiliary inputs of blocks 18 ₁ ..18 _{N of} node 7, provides a given group of signals in a common time frame.

 Example 1 illustrates the creation of the effect of a given spatial rotation of the beam by emitting a group of signals with frequencies and phases that are multiples of the corresponding specified frequency and phase steps, a group of spatially separated antennas.

The group of electromagnetic fields created in the channel 2 of the wave communication during the corresponding time frames by each group of antennas 20 ₁ , 20 ₂ ..20 _N for emitting signals are in-phase summed at the corresponding time moments for these groups and in the directions in space corresponding to these groups, forming in given planes, rotating "in-phase lines". In antennas 9 ₁ . . 9 _{R of} channel 2 of the wave coupling, this group of electromagnetic fields excites total signals and thereby carries out spatial synthesis of radio pulses from coherent harmonic signals - spectral components of the pulses.

Using a group of ray synthesis blocks consisting of corresponding spatial straight lines located at predetermined intervals (Example 2), one can obtain groups of beams rotating in these planes towards each other on a given group of planes. Each time frame corresponds to its own group of beams with specified characteristic parameters, for example:
- given carrier frequency,
- given cyclic frequency,
- priority within a given time cycle,
- the number of parts of the splitting of the beam in the frame, for example, in the first frame of the cycle, a beam is formed, split into 16 parts, in the remaining frames, non-split rays are formed,
- mutual time shift of the split parts of the beam in the frame,
- plane of rotation,
- rotation speed
- given mutual angles between the antenna lines 20 ₁ , 20 ₂ . . 20 _N for emitting signals of blocks 19 ₁ ..19 _K and nodes 8 ₁ ..8 _K , which ensures a given angular resolution of the signals by the device in given groups of sectors of rotation of the rays and given mutual phase shifts of the Doppler frequencies of the modulation of the synthesized rays and pulses,
- a given rotation with respect to the adjacent beam,
- a given power with respect to the adjacent beam,
- a given time shift within the cycle,
- relative time shift within the frame,
- frequency shift relative to the carrier frequency,
- the form of radio pulses synthesized in antennas 9 ₁ ..9 _R for receiving signals,
- the mutual direction of the rotation of the rays in space, for example, the counter-rotation of the rays of the initial and final frames - this is ensured by the location on the same straight line and equidistance from the given center point on this line of the corresponding antennas of two groups of antennas emitting during these frames.

For example, all frames, starting with the loop, are grouped in two. During the first and second frames, the signals are emitted by the first and second groups of antennas 20 ₁ , 20 ₂ ..20 _N , respectively, located on a given straight line, antennas 20 _{1 of the} first and second groups are aligned at a given point on this straight line, the remaining antennas of these groups evenly spaced from this given point in opposite directions. In accordance with this, the first and second rays of the first and second groups of antennas rotate towards each other, mutually coinciding in direction for the corresponding time frames, i.e. with a mutual time shift of one frame when passing the first and second rays through the normal to a given line at a given point.

At the outputs of the antennas 9 ₁ ..9 _R during each given time cycle, a mixture of the corresponding cyclic pulse is generated, for example, created by a beam split into 16 parts in the first frame, and a sequence of frame pulses created, for example, by non-split beams in the remaining frames of the cycle; in the case of receiving signals at the normals to a given location line of the first and second antenna groups at a given point of alignment of the first antennas of these groups, the time shift between the synthesized pulses of the first and second frames is equal to the duration of the frame, and in the case of receiving signals away from this normal, the time shift between the synthesized pulses of the first and second frames respectively different from the frame duration.

 In the node 10, the received pulses are separated by the hardware channels in accordance with the number of ray splitting parts and the corresponding synthesized pulses. In accordance with this, the pulses are selected for all the beginnings of measurements of the ray parameters, for example, the cycle synchronization pulse and all the pulses of odd frames following it and the pulses are extracted for all the ends of the beam parameter measurements, for example, following the cyclic synchronization pulse of all pulses of the even frames, and the detection synthesized radio pulses and per-channel detection of envelopes of amplitude-modulated synthesized pulse sequences allocated by the strobe tion predetermined frames.

In node 11, the parameters of the rays and signals are measured:
- in blocks 23 ₁ ..23 _{M / 2} , the mutual time shifts are measured between the corresponding allocated pulses of odd frames and the selected pulses of even frames and, thereby, the deviation of the direction of reception of the synthesized beams from the normal to the location line of the first and second groups of antennas for signal emission at the point of combination of the first antennas of these groups;
- in blocks 24 ₁ , 24 ₂ ..24 _M-1 , 24 _M, estimates of the average frequencies of the envelopes of the amplitude-modulated synthesized pulse sequences extracted by gating the given synthesized pulses are measured, which correspond to the deviations of the carrier frequencies of the synthesized pulses from the given carrier frequencies of the emitted signals and, thereby, the values of Doppler frequency shifts.

In block 13 (Fig. 2) by frequency dividers 25 and 26, the reference voltage frequency of the master oscillator 12 is reduced to the frame (step) and cycle frequencies. Multipliers 27 ₁ , 27 ₂ ..27 _N frequencies create a grid of multiple frequencies, which are then converted by converters 28 ₁ , 28 ₂ ..28 _N frequencies are transferred to a given operating frequency range.

In block 15 (Fig. 3), from the group of switching pulse sequences, each of which contains one frame in a cycle, L switching pulse sequences are formed by key elements 30 ₁ .. 30 _{M of the} corresponding switching blocks 29 ₁ ..29 _L switching. The amplitude of each mth pulse in each 1st sequence is set by the corresponding input control signal of the device. After switching the received pulses are combined in the adders 31.

In block 16 (Fig. 4), predetermined relative attenuations are introduced into a given group of input signals by voltage dividers 33 ₁ .. 33 _L , and predetermined phase shifts corresponding to amplitudes and phases of the sum spectra are introduced into a given group of reference voltages by phase shifters 37 ₁ ..37 _L synthesized pulses and partial parts of the generated rays. The received signals through the key elements 34 ₁ ..34 _L and the adder 35 of the block 32 and through the key elements 38 ₁ . .38 _L and the adder 39 of the block group 36 ₁ , 36 ₂ ..36 _N are respectively supplied to the signal output and to the reference group of outputs of the block 16.

In blocks 18 ₁ ..18 _M (Fig. 5), the output signals of blocks 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ ..17 _ND through switches 40 ₁ , 40 ₂ ..40 _N and adders 41 ₁ , 41 ₂ ..41 _{N are} sequentially transmitted to the inputs of the antennas 20 ₁ , 20 ₂ ..20 _N blocks 19 ₁ ..19 _K included in the nodes 8 ₁ ..8 _M and thereby form the given electromagnetic fields.

In block 22 (Fig. 6), the synthesized pulses are detected in block 42 and in the block 43 of the selection of the fronts of the pulses, video pulses are formed from them. The resulting pulse sequence is fed to the counting input of the counter of recognition of cyclic pulses 46 and through the first block 44 delay pulses to the counting input of the counter 45 of the selection of cyclic pulses. To the reset input of the counter 46 and through the key element 49 to the reset input of the counter 45 from the output of the reset pulse generator 51, pulses of a given period corresponding to the duration of the split cycle pulses and determining the recognition time of the cycle pulses are supplied. In the case of the accumulation by the counter 46 of substantially densely located parts of the split cyclic pulses and filling them for the specified time of identifying the counter 46 from the output of this block 46 through the expansion unit 47 of the control pulses and the inverter 50, a control pulse is received at the switching input of block 49, which prohibits resetting the counter for one frame 45 allocation of cyclic pulses. At the same time, a control pulse is received at the switching input of block 48, allowing the transmission of the cyclic pulse received in this frame in counter 45. The selected cyclic pulse from the output of the cyclic key element 48 is fed through delay units and expansion units of the strobe pulses of the personnel group to the switching inputs of the key elements 55 ₁ , 55 ₂ ..55 _M-1 , 55 _M , the signal inputs of which through the delay unit 57 are input radio signals that are disconnected in these blocks on the corresponding channels. At the same time, in blocks 58 ₁ .. 58 _{M / 2} are highlighted by the key elements 59 ₁ and 59 ₂ and the pairs of pulses of the start and reset pulses from the pulses generated in block 43 and delayed in block 52, respectively, are grouped. Blocks 44, 52 and 57 carry out matching time delays of pulses and radio signals, blocks 56 ₁ ..56 ₂ ..56 _M-1 , 56 _M carry out the detection of radio signals that emit envelopes of their sequences.

In blocks 23. .23 _{M / 2} (Fig. 7), the pulse counter 60 calculates the number of clock pulses of the generator 61, counting pulses between adjacent odd and even channel pulses coming from the control pulse extraction block 22 and corresponding to two synchronously and counter-rotating spatial beams . The voltages at the outputs of the respective pulse counters 60 are converted in digital-to-analog converters 62 to the device output voltages expressing the angular parameters of the synthesized beams.

In blocks 24 ₁ , 24 ₂ ..24 _M-1 , 24 _M (Fig. 8), the counters 63 of the pulses count the number of periods of the voltage envelope received by the detections in the block 22 of the pulse sequences of the synthesized channel signals. The accumulation in the counter 63 is carried out for a given evaluation time, set by the repetition period of the reset pulses of the generator 64 reset pulses. A predetermined time for estimating the average frequency is determined, for example, by a given permissible error in estimating the average frequency of the envelope of the sequence of radio pulses. The voltages at the outputs of the respective pulse counters 63 are converted in the digital-to-analog converters 65 into the device output voltages expressing the Doppler shifts of the carrier frequencies of the synthesized beams.

 Example 1

We consider the main features of the formation and processing of signals and their corresponding rays using the example of beam synthesis by one group of antennas 20 ₁ , 20 ₂ .. 20 _N.

 In this example of the device, one given beam is synthesized (M = 1, - K = 1), the non-information parameters of the signal and beam — the carrier frequency, frequency step and phase step of the emitted signals — are set, the general given signal A (t) and the common a predetermined installation signal that determines the relative amplitudes and phases of the spectral components of the synthesized pulse signal and beam.

In node 4, the reference voltages are formed:
s _{n op} (t) = cos ((2π (f _g + π • F _w ) t + Φ _g + n • Φ _w ), n = 1 ... N,
where f, F, Φ, Φ is the carrier frequency specified in block 12, the frequency step of the reference voltages specified in block 25, the initial phase and the specified phase step of the reference voltages,
f _g + n • F _w , Φ _g + n • Φ _w - heterodyne frequency and phase shifts introduced in the frequency converters 17 ₁ ..17 _N.

For the synthesis of a pulse signal and the corresponding beam in blocks 17 ₁ , 17 ₂ . . 17 _N , the frequency and phase shifts f _g + n • F _w , Φ _g + n • Φ _{w of the} corresponding reference voltages are introduced into the initial signal A (t)
We represent the frequencies of the signals obtained in the form
f _g = n • F _w + f _d = A _c • F _w + f _d , f _d / F _w <1,
where A is the nearest integer to f _g / F _w :
f _about and f _d - the reference value of the frequency specified by the frequency step, and the deviation from this value of the carrier frequency.

Упрощая слагаемые кратных частот и учитывая стробирующие свойства синтезированных импульсов, имеем:

(|s_ост (t)|/|s_вых(t)| << 1 при N > 100,
где T_ш - длительность интервала распределения импульсных сигналов на выходах антенн 9₁..9_R (длительность шагового временного интервала),
I(t) - синтезированный выходной импульс,
Т_вых - временной сдвиг синтезированного выходного импульса в пределах длительности шагового временного интервала,
s_ост (t) - остатки синтеза импульса из-за конечности числа N.By trigonometric transformation, we represent the emitted signals in S _{n from} (t) in the form of sums of components at a frequency f _о with cosine and sine modulating signals
s _{p from} (t) = s _nc (t) • cos (2πf _d ) -s _ns (t) • sin (2πf _d ).
The received signals are emitted by antennas 20 ₁ , 20 ₂ ..20 _N with the introduction of the corresponding relative antenna phase shifts into them. N • Φ _a , Φ _a and n • Φ _a are the antenna phase step and the mutual phase shifts introduced into the signals by spatial diversity of the antennas. The radiated electromagnetic fields are summed with the delay for the time t _{rR of the} propagation of electromagnetic fields in the antennas 9 ₁ ..9 _R , forming pulse sequences:

Simplifying the terms of multiple frequencies and taking into account the gating properties of the synthesized pulses, we have:

(| s _stop (t) | / | s _out (t) | << 1 for N> 100,
where T _W - the duration of the interval distribution of pulse signals at the outputs of the antennas 9 ₁ ..9 _R (the duration of the step time interval),
I (t) is the synthesized output pulse,
T _o - the time shift of the synthesized output pulse within the duration of the step time interval,
s _ost (t) - the remainder of the pulse synthesis due to the finiteness of the number N.

The temporal shift of the pulses T _o corresponds to the step Φ _a = Φ _y -Φ _{w of the} phase shifts of the signals received by the antenna and is determined by the spatial angle of deviation of the common-mode summation line of the emitted signals from the normal to the antenna location line 20 ₁ , 20 ₂ ..20 _N and, vice versa , each value of this spatial angle corresponds to the value of the time shift of the pulse T _o at the outputs of the antennas 9 ₁ ..9 _R , i.e. there is the effect of "rotation of the beam", the angular velocity of which is determined by the distribution pitch of the antennas 20 ₁ , 20 ₂ . . 20 _N at a given interval of the direct location of these antennas in space.

In those cases when with the maximum deviation of the common-mode summation line of the emitted signals from the normal to the antenna location line equal to π / 2, Φ _{a max} <π takes place, the step time interval is partially used:
T _p = T _w • g _a , g _a = Φ _max / π,
where T _p - the duration of the working time interval,
g _a - coefficient of antenna reduction of the step time interval.

The presence of amplitude modulation cos (2πf _d t) of the amplitudes of information pulses is used to measure the Doppler shifts of the carrier frequencies of the signals.

 Example 2

We consider the main features of measuring the angular parameters of the rays using the example of the synthesis of 6 split beams with 6 groups of antennas 20 ₁ , 20 ₂ ..20 _N (M = 6, K = 1), each of which is formed in accordance with Example 1.

 The joint work of the antenna groups will be considered using an example of a device in accordance with FIG. 9 with the following structural features.

The radiating antenna elements are located on the first, second and third straight lines intersecting at right angles at point O and forming a rectangular coordinate system in three-dimensional space (X, Y, Z). Antenna elements in the designs of the first and second groups of antennas for signal emission are uniformly distributed on the first 91 and second 92 intervals of a given length on the first straight line OX, the third and fourth groups are evenly distributed on the third 93 and fourth 94 intervals of a given length of the second straight line OY, and the fifth and sixth groups are evenly distributed on the fifth 95 and sixth 96 intervals of a given length of the third straight line OZ. The main (first) antenna elements 20 ₁ groups of antennas for radiation are located symmetrically relative to the point of intersection of the first, second and third straight lines, for example, they are aligned with each other at this point, the remaining radiating antenna elements are removed from this point along the corresponding straight lines (axes coordinates). The general design of all groups of antenna elements has the form of a three-dimensional spatial cross (in three-dimensional space).

 The rays created by the first and second groups of antennas for emitting signals rotate in the first plane and periodically, after a given time frame, coincide with the normal to the first straight line of the location of the antenna elements, and then diverge in opposite directions.

In those antennas from the group of antennas 9 ₁ ..9 _R for receiving signals that are normal to the first straight line of the location of the radiating antenna elements, the time shift between the received signals is equal to the duration of the time frames between their radiations of the first and second groups of antennas for emitting signals, in the remaining antenna group of antennas _{1 September} ..9 _R for receiving signals which are on the side of this normal, an additional temporal shift between the received signals corresponds to twice the angle of deflection of the beam received from the e th normal.

The rays created by the third and fourth groups of antennas, respectively, rotate in a second plane orthogonal to the first plane, and the time shift between the received signals in each of the antennas 9 ₁ .. 9 _R for receiving signals corresponds to twice the angle of deviation of the received beam from the normal to the second straight line location lines of radiating antenna elements.

The rays created by the fifth and sixth groups of antennas respectively rotate in a third plane orthogonal to the first and second planes, and the time shift between the received signals in each of the antennas 9 ₁ ..9 _R for receiving signals corresponds to twice the angle of deviation of the received beam from the normal to third straight line of location of the radiating antenna elements.

Sources of information:
1. Tipugin V.N., Weitsel V.A. Radio control. - M .: "Sov.radio" 1962, p. 94.

 2. Reference radar. Volume 4. Radar stations and systems. / Ed. M. Skolnik / Per. from English under the editorship of K.N. Trofimova.- M .: "Sov. Radio", 1978, p. 71.

 3. A. p. USSR N 1007116 "Method for the transmission and reception of frequency signals", author Shishkov VA, 1981, publ. B.I. N 11, 1983.

 4. Handbook of radio relay communication. / Ed. S.V. Borodich. - M .: "Radio and Communications", 1981, p.110-115.

 5. Ryzhkov A.B., Popov V.N. Frequency synthesizers in radio technology. - M.: "Radio and Communications", 1988.

 6. Skalin Yu.V., Bershtein A.G., Finkevich A.D. Digital transmission systems. - M .: "Radio and Communications", 1988.

 7. Jabotinsky M. E., Sverdlov Yu.L. Fundamentals of the theory and techniques of frequency multiplication. - M .: "Sov.radio", 1964.

 8. Alekseenko A.G., Colombet E.A., Starodub G.I. The use of precision analog microcircuits. - M .: "Radio and Communications", 1985.

 9. Kisel V. A. Analogue and digital proofreaders. Directory. - M .: "Radio and Communications", 1986.

 10. Fradkin S.L. Fundamentals of the theory and calculation of radar receivers. - M.: "Mechanical Engineering", 1969.

 11. Vazhenina Z. P., Volkova N. P., Chadovich I. I. Methods and means of time delay of pulse signals. - M .: "Sov. Radio", 1971.

 12. Erofeev Yu.N. Impulse devices. - M .: "Higher School", 1989.

Claims (3)

 1. A radio link comprising a signal transmission unit, a wave communication channel and a group of signal receiving units, and in a signal transmission unit containing a master oscillator and a main frequency converter, in a wave communication channel containing a main antenna for emitting signals and a predetermined group of antennas for receiving signals and each signal receiving unit containing a pulse filtering filtering unit, the input of which is connected to the output of the corresponding antenna for receiving signals, characterized in that in the signal transmission unit a reference frequency tensor that defines the input-output, the cyclic input-output and the frame input-output of which are the corresponding inputs and outputs of the device, and the switching signal distributor, which together with the master generator form a switching and reference voltage node, a beam splitting unit, consisting of a forming unit control pulses, a given control group of inputs of which is a given control group of inputs of the device, and a control unit for parameters of signals and beams, a given signal group of inputs which is a given signal group of device inputs, a given group of additional frequency converters, which forms, together with the main frequency converter, a ray rotation unit and a ray signal dilution unit, consisting of a group of ray signal distribution blocks, the specified additional groups of inputs and outputs of which are respectively a given additional group inputs and a given additional group of outputs of the device in the wave communication channel introduced a given group of additional antennas for radiation ignals, which forms, together with the main antenna for signal emission, the main beam synthesis unit, a given group of additional beam synthesis units, together with the main beam synthesis unit forms the main beam formation unit, and the specified group of additional beam formation units, and a control extraction unit is introduced pulses, the information input-output of which is the information input-output of the device and forming together with the filtering unit of the pulsed radio signals, the node is disconnected I of ray signals, and a node for measuring parameters of signals and rays, containing a given group of blocks for measuring the mutual time shifts of pulses, the outputs of which are channel goniometric outputs of the device, and a given group of blocks for estimating the frequencies of the envelopes of pulse sequences, the outputs of which are channel Doppler outputs of the device, which defines the input -exit, cyclic input-output, frame input-output and a given reference group of outputs of the reference frequency synthesizer are connected respectively to the output of the master about the generator, with the reset input and the clock input of the switching pulse distributor and with the reference group of inputs of the control unit for signal and beam parameters, the specified switching groups of inputs of the control pulse generating unit and the switching inputs of a given group of beam signal distribution units are respectively combined and connected to a given group of outputs of the distributor switching pulses, a given group of outputs of the control pulse generation unit is respectively connected to a given control uppa of the inputs of the control unit for parameters of signals and beams, the signal inputs of the main and additional frequency converters are combined and connected to the signal output of the control unit for parameters of signals and beams, the reference inputs of the main and additional frequency converters are connected to the corresponding reference outputs of the control unit for parameters of signals and beams, signal inputs ray signal distribution blocks are respectively combined and connected to the outputs of the frequency converters, the inputs of the main and additional antenna antennas for emitting signals of the group of the main and additional ray synthesis blocks in the main and in each additional beam forming unit are respectively combined and connected to the signal outputs of the corresponding ray signal distribution block, the input of the control pulse extraction block is connected to the output of the pulse pulse filtering block, trigger inputs and the reset inputs of the units for measuring the mutual time shifts of the pulses are connected to the corresponding outputs of the group of paired outputs of the allocation unit the driving pulses and the inputs of the blocks for estimating the frequencies of the envelope pulses of the sequences are connected to the corresponding outputs of the group of channel outputs of the control pulse extraction block.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a frame frequency divider, a cyclic frequency divider, a given group of frequency multipliers and a given group of frequency converters are introduced into the reference frequency synthesizer, a predetermined group of pulse switching blocks consisting of a given groups of key elements and an adder, an amplitude correction block consisting of a given group of voltage dividers, a given group of key elements and an adder and a group of phase correction blocks, consisting of a given group of phase shifters, a given group of key elements and an adder, a predetermined group of key elements and a given group of adders are introduced into the ray signal distribution blocks, an impulse detector, a pulse edge allocation block are introduced into the control pulse extraction block, first and second pulse delay blocks, a cycle pulse allocation counter, a cycle pulse recognition counter, a control pulse extension unit, a cyclic key element, a core key element, a pulse inverter, a reset pulse generator, a predetermined frame group of strobe pulse delay units, a predetermined frame group of strobe pulse extension units, a specified channel group of key elements, a predetermined pulse envelope detector group, a radio signal delay unit and a group of channel grouping units consisting of from the key trigger element and the key reset element, a pulse counter is introduced into the units for measuring the mutual time shifts of the pulses s, a counting pulse generator and a digital-to-analog converter, and a pulse counter, a reset pulse generator and a digital-to-analog converter are introduced into the blocks for estimating the frequencies of the pulse envelope sequences; in the reference frequency synthesizer, the input of the frame divider, the input of the cycle frequency divider, and the signal inputs of the frequency converters are connected and are the input - the output of the unit and device, the output of the cyclic frequency divider is a cyclic input-output of the unit and device, the inputs of the frequency multipliers s are combined, connected to the output of the frame frequency divider and are the frame input-output of the unit and the device, the reference inputs of the frequency converters are connected to the outputs of the corresponding frequency multipliers and the outputs of the frequency converters are a group of reference outputs of the block, in the control pulse generation block the switching inputs of the key elements of the switching blocks pulses are respectively interconnected and are a switching group of inputs of the block forming control pulses, the signal inputs of of the speech elements are the control group of inputs of the control pulse generation unit and the device, the outputs of the key elements are connected to the inputs of the respective adders and the outputs of the adders are the group of outputs of the control pulse generation unit, in the control unit of the signal and beam parameters, the switching inputs of the key elements of the amplitude correction unit and the group of phase blocks corrections are respectively interconnected and are a switching group of inputs of the control unit of the signal parameters and rays, the signal inputs of the key elements are connected to the outputs of the respective voltage dividers and phase shifters and the outputs of the key elements are connected to the inputs of the corresponding adders, the inputs of the voltage dividers and the adder output of the amplitude correction unit are the signal group of inputs and the signal output of the signal and beam parameter control unit and the inputs of the phase shifters and the outputs of the adders of the respective phase correction blocks are a reference group of inputs and a reference group of outputs of the control unit pairs meters of signals and beams, in the blocks of distribution of signals of beams, the switching inputs of the key elements of the block are interconnected and are the switching input of the block, the signal inputs of the key elements are a signal group of inputs of the block and the outputs of the key elements are connected to the inputs of the corresponding adders, the outputs of the adders are the signal group of outputs of the block , free inputs of adders and outputs of key elements are additional groups of inputs and outputs of the block and device, in the block allocation of control the pulses of the inputs of the pulse detector and the delay block of the radio signals are interconnected and are the information input-output of the block and the device and the output of the pulse detector is connected to the input of the block of selection of the edges of the pulses, the inputs of the first and second blocks of the pulse delay and the signal input of the counter recognition of cyclic pulses are combined and connected to the output of the block of selection of the edges of the pulses, the counting input, the reset input and the output of the counter for selecting cyclic pulses are connected respectively to the output of the first block LCD, with the output of the frame key element and the signal input of the cyclic key element, the input of the reset counter of the recognition of cyclic pulses and the signal input of the frame key element are combined and connected to the output of the reset pulse generator, the output of the pulse inverter is connected to the switching input of the frame key element, the output of the counter of recognition of cyclic pulses connected to the input of the expansion unit of the control pulses, the input of the inverter pulses and the switching input of the cyclic key element are combined with are connected to the output of the control pulse expansion unit, the inputs of the gating pulse delay units are combined and connected to the output of the cyclic key element, the inputs of the gating pulse expansion units are connected to the outputs of the corresponding gating pulse delay units, the signal inputs of the key elements of the channel group are combined and connected to the output of the radio signal delay unit , the outputs of the key elements of the channel group are connected to the inputs of the corresponding detectors of the pulse envelope envelope bridges connecting the inputs of the first given partial group of key elements of the channel group are combined with the switching inputs of the key triggering elements of the corresponding channel grouping units and connected to the outputs of the expansion pulses of the strobe pulses of the corresponding first given partial group, the switching inputs of the second specified partial group of the key elements of the channel group are combined with the switching the inputs of the key reset elements of the respective channel grouping units and connected with the outputs of the expansion units of the strobe pulses of the corresponding second predetermined partial group, in the units for measuring the mutual time shifts of the pulses, the start input and the reset input of the pulse counter are the corresponding inputs of the block, the counter input of the pulse counter is connected to the output of the clock pulse generator, the specified group of inputs of the digital-to-analog converter is respectively connected to a given group of outputs of the pulse counter and the output of the digital-to-analog converter is the corresponding goniometer the output output of the unit and the device, in the units for estimating the frequencies of the envelope of pulse sequences, the counting input of the pulse counter is the input of the block, the reset input of the pulse counter is connected to the output of the reset pulse generator, the given group of inputs of the digital-to-analog converter is respectively connected to the given group of outputs of the pulse counter, and the output of the digital-to-analog converter is corresponding Doppler output of the block and device.  3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the antenna for emitting signals is structurally made in the form of antenna elements of the respective groups of beam shapers located on the first, second and third straight lines intersecting at right angles at a given point in space and forming a given the coordinate system in three-dimensional space, the antenna elements of the first and second groups of antennas for signal emission are uniformly distributed on the first and second intervals of a given length of the first straight line, the third and fourth th groups of antenna elements are evenly distributed on the third and fourth intervals of a given length of the second straight line, and the fifth and sixth groups of antenna elements are evenly distributed on the fifth and sixth intervals of a given length of the third straight line, the main antenna elements of all groups of antennas for radiation are located symmetrically with respect to of a given point of intersection of straight lines, the remaining radiating antenna elements of the corresponding groups are removed from this point along the corresponding straight lines, forming a structure in e dimensional spatial cross from the respective groups of antenna elements.

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