RU2233256C2 - Method for preparing organic fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, fertilizers.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to producing composts based on semi-liquid manure. Method for preparing fertilizer is carried out composting semi-liquid manure and turf. Before composting the preliminary prepared organic substrate is added to mixture of components taken in the ratio 10-20 weight p. p. per 100 weight p. p. of mixture. Substrate represents a mixture of organic materials containing lignin chemically bound with cellulose, humic substances and microbiological addition taken in the mass ratio = (1-7):(2-14):(0.5-1.0), respectively, as measure for dry matter. The proposed method provides reducing loss of total nitrogen and organic substance due to sorption of nitrogen with organic substrate being independently of the process duration.

EFFECT: improved preparing method.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the production of composts based on semi-liquid manure.

Currently, there are a number of known methods for producing organic fertilizers based on manure by mixing it with various moisture-absorbing materials - peat, sawdust, bark, plant residues [1].

The disadvantage of obtaining organic fertilizers by these methods is the decrease in the fertilizer value of organic fertilizer due to losses of up to 70% of total nitrogen and up to 50% of organic matter [2] and the long duration of the composting process.

To reduce the preparation time of fertilizer before composting, biologically active additives are introduced into the mixture [2, 3].

However, this method, with the achieved reduction in the duration of the composting process, does not significantly reduce the loss of total nitrogen and organic matter.

The aim of this invention is to reduce the loss of total nitrogen and organic matter in the production process of organic fertilizer.

This goal is achieved by the fact that according to the proposed method, a mixture of semi-liquid manure and peat in a mass ratio of 1: 1 make pre-prepared organic substrate.

An organic substrate is a mixture of organic materials containing lignin chemically bound to cellulose, humic substances and microbiological additives.

The microbiological additive obtained by growing aerobic microorganisms in aeration tanks on pig farm wastewater contains the following main bacterial cultures: Bacillus (35%), p. Micrococcus (15%), p. Arthrobacter (15%).

Microbiological additive has the following characteristics: pH 6.0-7.5; the total content of microorganisms in 1 g of absolutely dry matter (19.7-20.1) · 10 ⁷ bacteria, including: using organic forms of nitrogen (6.0-7.7) · 10 ⁷ using mineral forms of nitrogen (8.8-9.8) · 10 ⁷ , cellulose-decomposing (1.6-1.7) · 10 ⁴ .

As organic materials containing lignin chemically bonded to cellulose, wood sawdust (up to 35% lignin), wood bark (27 to 44% lignin) are used. The specified lignin has a high sorption ability (the capacity of the absorbed bases is 760-790 mg / g).

As humic substances, humic acids, fulvic acids, humates, and also organic materials containing from 20 to 35% humic substances (peat) are used.

Lignin, together with humic substances, blocks the release of ammonia; as a result, favorable conditions for the vital activity of the latter for a long time are created in a mixture of lignin-containing and humic substances with bacterial cells. Humic substances are also sorbents of released ammonia. Thus, only the entire organic substrate in the specified composition creates a synergistic effect of composting, contributes to the conservation of total nitrogen and organic matter.

The essence of the method is as follows. A base mixture is prepared, consisting of semi-liquid manure with a moisture content of 86-92% and transition peat with a moisture content of 40-50% and a decomposition degree of 30-35% in a 1: 1 ratio. The mixture is thoroughly mixed.

An organic substrate is preliminarily prepared, which is a mixture of organic materials containing lignin chemically bonded to cellulose (sawdust, bark), humic substances (peat), which impart certain physical, mechanical and chemical properties to the substrate and create a synergistic effect, and a microbiological additive in a mass ratio ( 1-7) :( 2-14) :( 0.5-1.0) on a completely dry substance.

The substrate is introduced into the base mixture in an amount of from 10 to 20 parts by weight. per 100 parts by weight mixtures, after which they thoroughly mix and lay the resulting mass in a pile 1.5 m high and 3-5 m wide at the base to undergo the composting process. The mixture before composting has a moisture content of 68-77%, contains 2.52-2.68% of total nitrogen. The organic matter content is taken as 100%.

The composting process lasts 40-45 days. Ready organic fertilizer is applied to the soil at a dose of 50-60 t / ha for potatoes.

The test results of organic fertilizer obtained by the proposed method are presented in the table.

The proposed method for producing organic fertilizer can reduce the loss of total nitrogen and organic matter during composting of semi-liquid manure with peat due to sorption of nitrogen by an organic substrate, regardless of the duration of the process. In addition, the resulting organic fertilizer has a prolonged effect on the humus content of the soil, increases the porosity of the soil, and thereby increases the aftereffect of fertilizer.

The proposed method can be used for the production of organic fertilizers from manure, peat, sawdust (shavings, bark) and other organic materials containing lignin chemically bonded to cellulose.

Sources of information

1. Vasiliev V.A., Filipova N.V. Handbook of Organic Fertilizers. - M.: Rosagropromizdat, 1988, p. 181-199.

2. Afanasyev V.N. Justification and development of technology and technical means for the production of environmentally friendly biologically active fertilizers based on livestock and poultry waste. Dis. Doct. tech. Sciences, S.-P., 2000.

3. Copyright certificate of the USSR No. 1668352, cl. C 05 F 11/02, 1988.

Claims (1)

A method of producing organic fertilizer by composting semi-liquid manure and peat, characterized in that before composting, a mixture of components is introduced in a ratio of 10-20 parts by weight. per 100 parts by weight mixtures of a pre-prepared organic substrate, representing a mixture of organic materials containing chemically bonded with lignin cellulose, humic substances and microbiological additives in a mass ratio (1 ÷ 7) :( 2 ÷ 14) :( 0.5 ÷ 1.0) to absolutely dry substance.