RU2232711C1 - Method of production of xenon difluoride, its rectification and application - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of xenon difluoride.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is dealt with production of xenon difluoride, a method of its rectification and application. Xenon difluoride is produced from xenon and fluorine in a glow discharge of alternating-current. The temperature of reaction is within the range of -80°С - 0°С, pressure of 10-40 mmHg. Intensity of current 30-50 mA. The product is stabilized on walls of a vessel at the temperature of -70°С - - 80°С. The ration of a diameter of a vessel to an interelectrode space is 1: 2, voltage between the electrodes is equal to 2.5 kW. Rectification of xenon difluoride from impurities is exercised by its contact with steam or with fluorine hydride or with ice water. Then the target product distillation and the separation from hydrofluoric acid are conducted. Xenon difluoride is used as a basis of means for disinfection, sterilization and detoxication in the field of sanitation and medical industrial hygiene, in the capacity of means for disinfection, sterilization and detoxication, antiseptics - for food additives, cosmetics and also medical means of a broad spectrum of action - pharmaceutical compositions as well as means for waste utilization. Means for disinfection and sterilization are characterized by different combinations of xenon difluoride with additions of xenon trioxide and hydrogen peroxide. The pharmaceutical compositions contain xenon difluoride in the form of a water solution and in a gas phase also can be injected into an organism perorally, intravenously, intramuscularly, by sprinkling, inhalation or as an application on staggered areas. At use all the means will not form toxic gases and toxiferous decomposition products at an annihilation of poisonous and toxic substances, as well as at utilization and detoxication of toxiferous blowouts. The invention allows to produce simple composition means for disinfection and sterilization, and also highly-productive methods of xenon difluoride production.

EFFECT: the invention allows to produce simple composition means for disinfection and sterilization and offers the highly-productive methods of xenon difluoride production.

12 cl, 8 tbl

Description

The invention relates to methods for producing xenon difluoride and its purification from explosive impurities of tetrafluoride and xenon hexafluoride, hydrogen fluoride, the use of xenon difluoride and compositions based on it as a means for disinfection, sterilization, detoxification in order to destroy pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, organic and inorganic poisons origin in the environment, as an antiseptic to destroy or suppress the activity of potentially dangerous to health I'm human and animal microorganisms in wounds on the skin, mucous membranes and cavities, for the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious processes; the use of the above funds and on their basis various compositions as food additives and raw materials for cosmetics, as well as as a means for the disposal of waste and therapeutic agents of a wide spectrum of action.

The prior art. A method of producing xenon difluoride.

Known methods for producing xenon difluoride by heating a mixture of Xe with F ₃ to a temperature of 300-500 ° C at a pressure of 0.5-1.5 MPa with a ratio of Xe: F ₂ equal to 1.3-2.0 (Chemical Encyclopedia. / Ed. I.L. Knunyantsa. M., 1990, v. 2, p. 549,). This method has low productivity and high xenon consumption.

There is also a known method for producing xenon fluorides by reacting xenon with fluorochlorocarbons in an electric discharge generated outside the reaction vessel (GB 1056657, 1965). In this method, series-parallel interactions take place, as a result of which a xenon fluoride mixture is formed, from which the isolation of xenon fluoride in its pure form is difficult.

The closest analogue to the method for producing xenon fluoride is a method for the interaction of xenon and fluorine in a reaction vessel in a glow discharge (Sinelnikov S.M. et al. Synthesis of xenon difluoride in a glow discharge. Izv. AN SSSR, ser. Chem., 1968, p. 2806 -2807). However, the target product obtained in this way is characterized by a high content of xenon tetrafluoride and xenon hexafluoride, and the method itself has low productivity.

The method of purification of xenon difluoride

A known method of purification of xenon difluoride by gas chromatography (Aleinikov N.N., Korsunsky B.L., Dubovitsky F.I. Gas chromatographic analysis of xenon difluoride and tetrafluoride. Report. USSR Academy of Sciences, 1966, S. 1341-1343). However, this method can only be used in the purification of milligram quantities of the product.

Known methods for the purification of xenon difluoride, including contacting the product to be purified with metal fluorides and distillation. Potassium fluoride (SU 1560468, 1990), cerium fluoride (SU 1116006, 1984), rubidium or cesium fluorides (SU 1082757, 1984) are used as metal fluorides. However, the reagents used for contacting themselves may be a source of contaminants.

Disinfection and sterilization products

Known chemical disinfectant and sterilizing halogen-containing compounds, which in their composition as the active active substance (ADV) have chlorine, bromine, iodine. These drugs have the widest spectrum of antimicrobial activity, relatively quick action, inexpensive. But some of their properties force the use of these drugs to be limited, for example, tool corrosion, irritating effect on the mucous membranes of the respiratory system and eyes, a sharp unpleasant odor, and tissue discoloration. Solutions, for example sodium hypochlorite, are stable for 1-7 days and receive them on special non-diaphragm units. When working with Sporox, Clorcept, THCC (trichloroisocyanuric acid) chloramines, mandatory use of rubber gloves, airtight goggles and respirators is required. The shelf life of almost all drugs rarely exceeds more than 3 years.

Chemical disinfecting and sterilizing oxygen-containing substances are known. This group of drugs, the active substance (ADV) of which is oxygen in the composition of hydrogen peroxide, peroxide compounds and peroxyacids. These drugs have a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action, do not have pungent odors, and are environmentally friendly. Some preparations have sporocidal properties, but their use as sterilants is limited by the corrosive effect on metals (6% solution of H ₂ O ₂ ). The disadvantages of some preparations of this group include the need to observe special precautions when preparing working solutions from a concentrate. When disinfecting and sterilizing by irrigation, rubber gloves, airtight goggles and a respirator should be used.

Known chemical disinfectants and sterilizing agents based on quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) and amphoteric surface-active compounds (surfactants). These preparations have good detergent properties and are intended for disinfection in case of bacterial infections, the preparations lack pungent odors, they have a low level of toxicity. The disadvantages of drugs of this group include the complete absence of a sporocidal effect and the fact that with prolonged use, the resistance of microorganisms to them can be developed.

Chemical disinfecting and sterilizing agents (guanidines) are known whose active principle is complex organic compounds such as chlorophenyl-diguanidohexane or cocospropylene diamine guanidinoacetate. Guanidines are active against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms with the exception of tuberculosis microbacteria. Guanidines do not show activity against viruses, spores. The expansion of the spectrum of antimicrobial activity occurs with the combination of guanidines with surface-active substances (surfactants). Of interest are the preparations Fogucid and Polisept (Russia), which on the treated areas create a film that provides a long bactericidal effect from 3 to 7 days. However, due to the formation of a film, these drugs cannot be used to disinfect instruments, utensils, and can be used as aerosols.

Chemical disinfectants and sterilizing aldehyde-containing agents are known whose active ingredient is glutaral or succinic aldehyde.

Known chemical disinfectants and sterilizing agents based on glutaraldehyde, for example, an aqueous composition containing glutaraldehyde, as well as sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydrogen phosphate, are used to create a pH 7-9 buffer in the initial solution (EP 66759, 1982). These products are used for disinfection and sterilization of laboratory equipment, hospital walls, surgical or dental instruments and have complex compositions. Solutions containing 2% glutaraldehyde at pH 5.6-9.0 are a universal disinfectant and sterilizing agent that destroys spores, viruses, fungi and bacteria (RU 2036664).

Preparations of this group have a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action: bactericidal, tuberculocidal, virucidal, fungicidal, and in concentrations of 2% and higher according to glutaraldehyde and sporocidal action. The positive qualities of aldehyde-containing preparations are low corrosion against metals, the absence of pungent odors (with the exception of formalin).

The disadvantages of this group of drugs are the need to work with them in the absence of patients, the mandatory removal of disinfectant residues and a pronounced ability to fix organic contaminants: blood, mucus, pus, etc.

Known chemical disinfectant and sterilizing agents based on ethanol, propanol, isopropanol (alcohols). For example, for the disinfection of medical devices and endoscopes, ethyl alcohol of 70% (Russia) is used, which has a bactericidal (except for mycobacterium tuberculosis), virucidal effect. The disadvantage of this group of drugs is the ability to fix organic contaminants, which ultimately requires preliminary washing of surfaces and products in water using various swabs.

Known chemical disinfectants and sterilizing phenol-containing agents. The drugs have bactericidal, tuberculocidal, virucidal and fungicidal properties. However, phenol-containing agents are not widely used in disinfection practice, since phenol is banned as a disinfectant for use due to its high toxicity and persistent smell.

It is known to use for disinfecting surfaces contaminated with a vegetative or spore form of microorganisms in the medical, microbiological or food industry means based on an aqueous solution of sodium perxenonate (SU 1755801). However, the use of these funds according to the developed methods, at high concentrations of sodium perxenonate, is largely limited due to their toxicity (at concentrations of 5% and above).

Antiseptics

Among antiseptics, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate and halogens have an oxidizing mechanism of action.

One of the most popular antiseptics of this group is hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide introduced into living tissues quickly decomposes under the influence of tissue catalase into water, molecular oxygen and peroxide ions. In inflamed, infected tissues, this process is already very intense (a catalase molecule decomposes 10 ⁵ H ₂ O ₂ molecules in 1 second at pH 6-8) and is enhanced by microbial catalases, phenols, iron, copper, manganese and their divalent compounds present in the exudate ions, ascorbic acid released into the exudate during the breakdown of red blood cells, white blood cells, microbes, or contained in lymph and blood plasma. In the presence of ascorbic acid and phenols, as well as other hydrogen donors, catalase manifests itself as peroxidase, that is, it breaks down H ₂ O ₂ into water and atomic oxygen, which has a higher redox potential than O ₂ .

The negative sides of H ₂ O ₂ are the instability of aqueous solutions, short duration of action, decrease or loss of activity at pH above 10 and below 4 in the presence of cyanides, azides, sulfites, thiosol and its analogues.

Potassium permanganate has an even more pronounced oxidative activity. In the presence of oxidizable organic substances in an acidic environment, manganese passes from heptavalent to divalent (at alkaline pH to tetravalent) with the release of atomic oxygen, which oxidizes the compounds that make up the surface structures of the microbial cell, and sometimes the patient’s tissues.

High oxidizing properties have antiseptics of a halogen nature. Their activity decreases with increasing molecular weight: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine. When combined with hydrogen, halogens form hydrogen halides, with metals - halides. Halogens do not directly combine with oxygen; during indirect reactions, they form unstable oxides (HClO ₃ , HClO ₄ , HbrO ₃ , HJO ₃ , HJO ₄ · 2H ₂ O and others) and their salts. All of these compounds are strong oxidizing agents, since free halogens and oxygen are easily released. Halogen ions and compounds that do not release free halogen do not possess oxidizing properties.

The mechanism of oxidation of organic substances by halogens proceeds in the form of the following chain reaction (for example, chlorine):

Cl ₂ + H ₂ O → HClO + HCl; 2CHlO → 2CHl + O ₂ .

In approximately the same way, oxygen is released from the hypochlorides of potassium, sodium and chloramines. The oxidation of organic substances by liberated oxygen occurs according to the same scheme as the oxidation by oxygen of H ₂ O ₂ .

The release of oxygen by inorganic halogen compounds occurs quickly, which causes damage not only to microbes, but also to the patient’s tissues. Therefore, organic chlorine compounds (chloramines) and hypochlorous acid salts (chlorites), which release oxygen more slowly, are used as antiseptics. In iodine and its complex salts with polymers (iodophors), oxygen is released even more slowly and over a long period. Therefore, while maintaining the high oxidizing properties of iodophors, their side effect on the human body is weaker, which makes iodophors one of the most effective antiseptics available.

A well-known drug, boric acid (Acidum boricum), which is used as an antiseptic in the form of ear drops (3% boric alcohol), 5-10% ointments, powders, 0.5-5% aqueous solutions. Boric acid preparations are used for dermatitis, diaper rash, shallow burns, acute otitis media, chronic tonsillitis, purulent conjunctivitis, etc. Recently, a critical attitude to boric acid has been growing.

Known drug based on sodium hypochlorite (Natrii hypochloritum), aqueous solutions of which at a concentration of 2-5% are recommended for washing the vagina, oral cavity, nose and pharynx with bacterial, viral and fungal diseases. Sodium hypochlorite accumulates in the skin, causing irritation of the mucous membranes and skin.

Hydrogen peroxide-based preparations are known, which are available in the form of three drugs. 1. The hydrogen peroxide solution is a concentrated 27.5-31% aqueous solution. 2. A solution of hydrogen peroxide 3% (contains 10 g perhydrol, 0.05 g antifebrin - stabilizer, up to 100 ml of water). 3. Hydropyrite. Hydrogen peroxide has an almost universal antimicrobial effect, is well tolerated by the skin and mucous membranes, does not accumulate in the body with prolonged use, does not have toxic and allergenic effects, has additional therapeutic effects, like mechanical cleaning of the application site, deodorization, stimulation of blood supply and tissue regeneration. At the same time, a preparation based on hydrogen peroxide quickly decomposes in the light when interacting with metals, organic substances, and alkalis. In addition, there has recently been a decrease in the background sensitivity of microorganisms to hydrogen peroxide and the appearance of bacterial variants resistant to this drug. This is due to the selection of active producers of catalase.

A known drug based on peracetic acid, which has a microbicidal effect on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, microbacteria, bacterial spores, fungi, some viruses, including hepatitis C pathogens. In the form of soap 2% or solutions 0.3-0.5% is recommended for preventive antiseptics in surgery, dentistry, urology, dermatology. However, the antimicrobial activity of the drug is significantly reduced in the presence of proteins, blood. In experiments on animals revealed a general toxic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects.

Known drug antiformin (Antiforminum), consisting of a mixture of equal volumes of sodium hypochlorite solution and 15% potassium hydroxide solution. Due to the content of free chlorine (about 5%) it has a microbicidal effect on a wide range of microorganisms. Antiformin is used as an antiseptic in the form of 1-50% solutions for the treatment of local pathological processes, especially in dentistry (with ulcerative stomatitis and gingivitis). The mechanism of action and toxicity is similar to chlorine.

The well-known drug Hydroperitum (Hydroperitum), consisting of hydrogen peroxide and urea, is available in tablets of 1.5 g, which has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action. Apply instead of hydrogen peroxide in the form of a 3% freshly prepared solution for rinsing the mouth, pharynx, flushing cavities, wounds. The antimicrobial effect of 0.25-1.0% solutions is doubtful, the hygienic is doubtless.

Inorganic iodine preparations are known. 1) 5% alcohol solution of iodine. 2) 10% alcohol solution of iodine. Solutions are used as antiseptics in the hygienic and surgical treatment of hands, the surgical field, for the prevention of infection of minor damage to the integrity of the skin, as well as an irritating and distracting agent. Both solutions in repeated applications can cause toxic or allergic skin damage.

A known solution of lugol (Solutio Lugoli), which is used in chronic inflammatory processes of the nose, nasopharynx, larynx.

Organic iodine preparations are known which are less toxic and allergenic. These drugs include iodotrichloride, iodotribrom, diiodhydroxypropane, iodoform, as well as a large group of iodophors. The antimicrobial activity of iodophors is associated with the presence of ionized (I $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{-}}{\text{3}}$ ), not molecular iodine. In contrast to molecular ionized iodine does not have a general toxic effect, while preserving antiseptic.

The disadvantages of iodophore preparations are the possible emergence of resistant forms of bacteria and microbial contamination of finished dosage forms.

The known drug is potassium permanganate (Permanganas kalii), which is used as an antiseptic in the form of aqueous solutions for washing wounds (0.1-0.5%), for lubricating ulcerative and burn surfaces (2-5%), rinsing the mouth and pharynx (0 , 01-0.1%), antiseptic baths for newborns. Disadvantages: solutions of potassium permanganate stain linen and dressings, absorption in the blood causes methemoglobinopathy.

The general toxic effect has been established in a large number of antiseptics. It usually develops as a result of prolonged use of antiseptics and is in the nature of a chronic lesion. Mercury, lead, and bismuth preparations are toxic to the liver and kidneys. Boron and its compounds, especially boric acid, have the properties of cumulation, cause reversible and irreversible damage until death. The use of boric acid is contraindicated in newborns. With prolonged use of quinolines, reversible and irreversible dysfunctions of the nervous system are possible. Chlorhexidine is a non-toxic drug, but when large quantities enter the blood, damage to the vestibular apparatus is possible. Furazolidone when administered orally can cause agranulocytosis. Prolonged intake of iodine causes resorptive intoxication, iodoform - psychasthenic phenomena, potassium permanganate - psychological and neurological disorders. This medication is contraindicated in pregnancy. Menthol may cause metahemoglobinemia. Nalidixic acid is potentially neurotoxic; nausea, vomiting, insomnia, and leukemia are also possible. In experimental studies, weak mutogenic activity was found in hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorides. In experiments, teratogenic activity was established in iodine, carcinogenic activity of high doses was detected in formaldehyde.

When using a solution of furatsilin for prolonged washing with extensive wounds, resorptive lesions in the form of polyneuropathies, allergic lesions were observed.

Biologically active additives

Known biologically active substances used in cosmetics for preserving food, for storing transplants in medicine, as well as as food additives.

So, to increase the shelf life of bran, it is known to use a natural antibiotic, propolis water, as a biologically active substance (RU 2065272).

A known composition for preserving fruits, vegetables and other food products during transportation and storage, made on the basis of alkali metal pyrosulphates. To prevent oxidation, an inhibitor from the class of alcohols, for example, methol or hydroquinone, is added to the composition in an amount of 0.01-0.05 wt.% (RU 93013746).

It is known to introduce as a preservative into sausages a concentrate of microbiologically hydrolyzed fermented milk whey enriched with sodium and / or ammonium lactates (RU 96114818).

A biologically active substance with antimicrobial, phagocytic, mitotic and antioxidant activity is known, which is obtained by extraction of the corresponding plant materials with oil and distilled water, followed by the combination of extracts (RU 2008913).

A biologically active substance with antimicrobial, phagocytic, mitotic and antioxidant activity is known, which is a collection of herbs (%): wormwood, St. John's wort, thyme, yarrow, celandine, licorice root, pine buds, mint leaf, marigold flowers (RU 2115425) .

Known food biologically active additive, which as immunobiological preparations contains recombinant α ₂ -interferon and acidophilus bacteria as bacteria of normal microflora (RU 2144294).

Known biologically active additive, which contains silver ions dissolved in alcohol-containing solutions and which can be used in the manufacture of food products, therapeutic drugs, alcoholic, low alcohol and non-alcoholic products, as well as perfumes and cosmetics. The additive has an antiseptic, wound healing, antiviral effect, improves hematopoietic and metabolic processes (RU 2138183).

A well-known cosmetic cream is an emulsion gerontological cream containing a base and, as a biologically active substance, the sodium salt of DNA obtained from sturgeon milk. In addition, it has antiherpetic, anti-inflammatory, hydrant, photoprotective and antioxidant effects (RU 2032397).

Known hair balm, including a biologically active substance - chitosan and flozalizin - and structure-forming substances (RU 2034532).

A preventive hygienic antiherpetic cream is known in which sodium foscarnet and calendula or celandine oil extract are used as the biologically active substance (RU 95118080).

It is known to use coumarinquinolone carboxylic acids, biologically active substances, as antimicrobial, antitumor and antiviral agents (RU 97113254).

It is known to use indenoilguanidine for the preservation and storage of transplants for surgical procedures (RU 96107258).

It is known to use amniotic fluid of women in labor for the preservation of transplants (RU 2053671).

Disposal and detoxification of toxic organic and inorganic substances and industrial waste

Known treatment of domestic wastewater containing toxic impurities in an amount significantly higher than the MPC, chemical reagents (RU 2019529).

It is known to use for the purification of liquid, gas and granular media from oxides of nitrogen, sulfur, carbon and organic toxic substances, the oxidation of toxicants by ultraviolet radiation in the presence of a chemical agent in an excited state (RU 2115463).

Known utilization of nitrogen-containing liquid rocket fuels by introducing them into the builder (RU 93043275).

Effective chemical methods of water purification are known: methods of chlorination, ozonation and fluorination (Orlov V.A. Water ozonation. M., Stroyizdat, 1984; Magaro Yasumoto, RZhKhim, 1989, N9, and 309; Zisk J, Water Eng. And Manag, 1988, v. 135, N5, p. 28). However, when water is chlorinated, noticeable amounts of chlorohydrocarbons are formed (including dioxin derivatives, which are very harmful to public health. MPC = 10 ^-13 mg / l). It would seem that ozonation and fluorination methods are promising, since their use destroys harmful impurities in industrial wastewater (Naidenko V.V., Kulakova A.P., Sherenkov I.A. Optimization of the treatment of natural and wastewater. M., Stroyizdat, 1984), destroys toxic dyes (Krasnoborodko I. G. Destructive wastewater treatment from dyes. L., Chemistry. 1988.]. At the same time, ozone is unstable and easily decomposes during storage, and fluorine is extremely reactive (toxic and dangerous to use), often reacts with water and organic substances with explosion, both oxidizing agents are toxic (MPC = 0.1 mg / l) and explosive (gas mixtures of ozone and fluorine should be used in concentrations of less than 15% (vol.). Diluted gas mixtures of ozone with air are unstable, and the ozone content in them decreases during storage (for example, it decomposes by 40% at 10 ° C in 10 hours ). The bottleneck in the process of ozonation and fluoridation of water is the hardware design of the unit for mixing ozone and fluorine with water. A large difference in the specific gravities of water and air leads to rapid separation, high surface tension of water creates an obstacle for a sufficiently fine dispersed I gas (Razumovsky SD ZhVHO, 1990, v. 35, N1, p. 77-88), which does not provide a sufficiently complete and effective use of ozone and fluorine.

Pharmaceutical Compositions

Chemicals are known - oxidizing agents and superoxidizing agents, which are used as modern therapeutic agents in modern medicine. For example, hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ), sodium hypochloride (NaClO), ozone (O ₃ ), potassium permanganate. Hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ) at the beginning of the century was actively used as an antiseptic and a therapeutic agent with a wide spectrum of action (Ulyam Douglas. The healing properties of hydrogen peroxide. Peter Publishing House 1998). Currently, hydrogen peroxide is used to sterilize the skin of the hands of medical staff (RU 2021820), to treat trophic ulcers complicated by microbial eczema (RU 2065304), to treat chronic pyococcal leg ulcers (RU 94016146), as well as to obtain physiologically activating water (RU 94003510). In the USA, hydrogen peroxide is used mainly as a component of contact lens disinfectants, skin and hair care products, and is a part of toothpastes, as well as contraceptives to prevent infection of a woman from a sexual partner. Ingestion of hydrogen peroxide-containing products is used to accelerate the removal of ethanol from the body (US 5759539). The limited use of hydrogen peroxide as a therapeutic agent with a wide spectrum of action is explained by the fact that superoxide radicals (· O ₂ H) appear during its dissociation, the effect of which leads to the loss of blood ferrooxidase activity (A. Kozlov et al. Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine . 1984, No. 12, pp. 669-671). In experimental studies (E. Gebhard, Mutagenidt von Antiseptika. Berlin, 1985, Bd. 1/5 S. 279-326), mutagenic activity of hydrogen peroxide was established.

An aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is another oxidizing agent that is used in medical practice as a therapeutic agent for a wide range. It is used to treat patients with obesity (RU 2008905), purulent sinusitis (RU 2014816), rosacea and acne vulgaris (RU 2014838, RU 2019192), obliterating diseases of the lower extremities (RU 2014848), pyoderma (RU 2029552), chronic purulent endobronchitis (RU 2070045), non-specific lung diseases (RU 2071774, RU 2085196), meningococcal infection (RU 2077330), chronic generalized viral infection (RU 2089194), surgical infection (2091078), peritonitis (RU 2123361), acute cholangitis (RU 94001617), endometritis after cesarean section (RU 94007071), inflammatory diseases of the internal the female organs (RU 96100310), pre- and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (RU 96117517).

Sodium hypochlorite is also used as an immunosuppressive agent (RU 2058146), for the prevention of non-inhalation anesthesia complications (RU 2043125), correction of blood gas composition (RU 2062101), plasma regeneration after plasmapheresis (RU 2033190), and purification of the dialysis solution in artificial kidney devices ( RU 93046072). In the United States, sodium hypochlorite is used moderately enough to rinse the mouth and treat the bad smell (US 5738840), purify water from infection (US 5688515), and also deactivate HIV infection in the blood and deactivate anticancer drugs (US 5811113). The use of sodium hypochlorite as a therapeutic agent of a wide spectrum of action is more convenient, however, this salt is chemically unstable and should be used immediately after it is received in the electrolyzer. In addition, sodium hypochlorite can lead to chlorination of amino groups, amino acids with the formation of unstable chloramines, which are then spontaneously decarboxylated and deaminated.

Ozone (O ₃ ) as a medicine is actively used in medicine for the ozonation of drugs, blood plasma, donated blood and the patient’s blood itself for the treatment of various diseases. Ozonation of drugs is used to treat fungal and viral skin diseases (RU 2008898), purulent wounds (RU 2068263), pulmonary tuberculosis (RU 2085218), gastric and duodenal ulcers (RU 2098099), diphtheria (RU 2099110), inflammatory periodontal diseases ( RU 2123319), bronchial asthma (RU 93014294), sepsis (RU 94002980), diabetes mellitus (RU 94005363), neurodermatitis (RU 94026137), toxic diphtheria (RU 95109747), gunshot wounds (RU 95121676) and flu (RU 97103156). Ozonation of saline is used to treat critical ischemia of the lower extremities (RU 2085218), pregnant women with OCG gestosis (RU 2110228), autonomic dystonia syndrome (RU 2124356), miscarriage (RU 93033734), trophic ulcers (RU 96122385) and malignant neoplasms (RU 96124167). Ozone is also used as a stimulator of liver regeneration (RU 94008835), to increase the health of the body (RU 94008836), detoxify the body (RU 94017960, RU 96100223) and correct its condition (RU 96122812). In the United States, ozone is widely used as a broad-based therapeutic agent for treating skin diseases (US 4196726, US 5834031), purifying blood from microbial infections (US 4632980, US 5622848, US 5674537, US 5731008), as well as protecting platelets from aggregation and stimulation of the immune system of the human body (US 5591457). The use of ozone as a therapeutic agent with a wide spectrum of action has a significant drawback, which requires the use of special equipment of ozonizers and oxygen generators, as well as equipment for measuring its concentration. Toxicity of ozone is high: MPC is 0.03 mg / m ³ . Treatment with ozonized drugs can only be done in hospitals, which is not always convenient.

When processing aqueous solutions containing organic compounds with oxidizing agents: chlorine or sodium or calcium hypochlorites, organochlorine compounds and highly toxic substances are formed (for example, organic impurities - aromatic compounds lead to the formation of dioxin derivatives MPC = 10 ^-13 mg / l), the formation of which nullifies the results of disinfection, sterilization and detoxification.

Potassium permanganate is another oxidizing agent that is used in medicine as a therapeutic agent. Potassium permanganate has a universal spectrum of microbiocidal action. Active against bacteria, fungi, viruses, spores. The mechanism of action is the oxidation of organic substances of a microbial cell, primarily protein. Potassium permanganate solutions in concentrations from 0.02 to 0.1% are used for gastric lavage in case of poisoning from ingestion of morphine, aconitine and other alkaloids, as well as phosphorus (M.A. Mashkovsky. Medicines. Vilnius, Ganta, 1999, v. 2, p. 345.) The limited use of potassium permanganate is due to the fact that when it enters the bloodstream it causes medioglobinocytosis, and when interacting with coal, sugar, tonin and other easily oxidizing substances, it can lead to an explosion.

Known chemotherapeutic agents that cause the death of viruses or inhibit their development, used for the prevention and treatment of infections. The action of these funds is aimed at different stages of the reproduction of viral particles in the cells of the human or animal body.

Known drug idoxuridine (idoxuridinum), which has a selective inhibitory effect on the replication of certain viruses. It is used in ophthalmic practice as a local antiviral agent for keratitis caused by the herpes virus (Herpes simblex or vacinia). Idoxuridine can be irritating to the skin, cause pain, inflammation, swelling of the eyelids, allergic reactions or photophobia (Handbook - a guide for a practitioner. / Edited by I.N. Denisova, E.G. Ulumbekova. M .: Medicine, 1998, p. . 209).

Known drugs that have a therapeutic and prophylactic effect in case of influenza infection. These include, in particular, derivatives of amadantan - Midantanum and remantadinum. These drugs effectively suppress the replication of all subtypes of influenza A viruses. However, these drugs cause a violation of the central nervous system (sleep disturbance, concentration, anxiety, aggravation of nervousness or psychosis). Midantan enhances the effect of alcohol, psychostimulants on the central nervous system, as well as the anticholinergic effects of anthropin-like, antihistamines (p. 278-3).

Known drug glutandan (Gludantanum), which is used as an antiviral agent for adenoviral conjunctivitis and epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, has side effects and contraindications are the same as when using midantan.

Known, for example, the drug interferon (interferonum), which is considered as one of the most important endogenous factors protecting the body from primary infection. The more interferon is produced in the body, the more it is protected from viral infection (Ershov F.I., Novokhatskaya A.S. Interferon and its inducers. M: Medicine, 1980, p. 176). Interferon is intended for the treatment and prevention of influenza, hepatitis and other viral respiratory diseases. Interferon preparations (Intron-A and Wellferon) have side effects: nausea, dizziness, fever, diarrhea, myalgia, arterial hypotension, with course use - granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, impaired liver function, stomatitis (p. 206-3).

The best known antiviral drug is azidothymidine (AZT). This drug is used in the early stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and in advanced stages of the disease. However, this drug is highly toxic, does not completely stop the development of HIV viruses, and about 30% of normal cells die.

Known antiviral agent (application PCT / RU92 / 00170, 09.09.92), consisting of an active complex of sodium salt of native DNA with a polyvalent metal selected from metals Ni, Fe, Co, Mn, Mg and Zn, taken in a molar ratio of 10-1000 : 0.5-3.0, respectively, and a pharmaceutical diluent. However, this agent, introduced into the body in the form of 1.5 wt.% Or for rectal use in an amount of 3 wt.%, Penetrates by the endocytosis into the cytoplasm of actively dividing cells, such as a lymphocyte, binding in it as a reverse transcriptase by forming cross-links through complex metals and HIV proteins produced by the genome of an infected cell (due to interaction with the deoxyribonucleic part of the complex). The resulting strong triple complexes under the action of intracellular enzymes are gradually destroyed into separate fragments, which in the body with a weakened immune system may not be utilized from the cytoplasm, which can cause toxicosis.

Disclosure of invention

A method of producing xenon difluoride

The technical result in terms of a method for producing xenon difluoride is to develop a high-performance method.

The essence of the invention is to achieve this technical result in a method for producing xenon difluoride, including the interaction of xenon and fluorine in a glow discharge of an alternating current in a reaction vessel at a temperature from minus 80 to 0 ° C, a pressure of 10-40 mm Hg, current 30 -50 mA, the molar ratio of xenon to fluorine 1: (0.7-1.2), and the subsequent stabilization of the target product on the walls of the reaction vessel at a temperature of from 0 to minus 196 ° C.

Preferably, stabilization is carried out at a temperature of from minus 70 to minus 80 ° C.

The interaction is carried out in a vessel of a cylindrical fluoropolymer with a ratio of diameter to interelectrode distance of 1: 2 and a voltage between electrodes of 2.5-3.0 kV.

The method of purification of xenon difluoride

The technical result in terms of the method of purification of xenon difluoride from impurities is to develop a high-performance method that allows to obtain a pure product.

The invention consists in achieving this technical result in a method for purifying xenon difluoride from impurities, comprising contacting it with hydrogen oxide at a temperature of from minus 20 to plus 25 ° C.

Contacting is carried out with water vapor at room temperature. It is possible to contact with water at temperatures from 0 to minus 20 ° C.

Before contacting, the product to be purified is dissolved in hydrogen fluoride with additives of water, and after distillation, hydrogen fluoride is separated. The highest yield of the target product can be achieved with a certain ratio of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride with water.

Means for disinfection, sterilization, asepsis, detoxification

The technical result in terms of means for disinfection, sterilization, asepsis and detoxification is to develop a simple composition composition based on xenon difluoride, less toxic and more effective than used.

The essence of the invention lies in the achievement of the aforementioned technical result with a disinfecting, sterilizing, aseptic and detoxifying agent based on xenon difluoride, which in especially dangerous infections is an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in concentrations up to 1.5%.

The same technical result is achieved by a means for disinfection, sterilization, aseptic and detoxification and degassing based on xenon compounds, which in especially dangerous infections is an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in concentrations up to 1.5% with the addition of an aqueous solution of xenon trioxide in a concentration of up to 1, 5%.

The same technical result is achieved by a means for disinfection, sterilization, aseptic and detoxification based on xenon compounds, which for especially dangerous infections is an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in concentrations up to 1.5% with the addition of hydrogen peroxide in concentrations up to 0.3%.

The same technical result is achieved by a disinfecting and sterilizing agent based on xenon difluoride, which for dental and microsurgical instruments is an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in a concentration of not more than 0.3%.

Preferably, the disinfecting and sterilizing agent for dental and microsurgical instruments further comprises xenon trioxide in a concentration of not more than 0.05% or hydrogen peroxide in a concentration of not more than 0.05%.

The same technical result is achieved in a means for disinfecting and sterilizing contact lenses based on xenon difluoride in a concentration of not more than 0.05%.

Preferably, the means for disinfecting and sterilizing contact lenses further comprises hydrogen peroxide in a concentration of not more than 0.05% or xenon trioxide in a concentration of not more than 0.05%.

The same technical result is achieved by a means for disinfection and sterilization based on xenon difluoride, which for pharmaceutical equipment of pharmaceutical companies is an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in a concentration of up to 0.5%.

The same technical result is achieved by a means for disinfection and sterilization based on xenon compounds, which for technological equipment of pharmaceutical companies is an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in a concentration of up to 0.5% with the addition of xenon trioxide or hydrogen peroxide in concentrations of not more than 0.05%.

Biologically active additives

The technical result in terms of dietary supplements is to expand the spectrum of action and scope.

The specified technical result is achieved in a biologically active additive based on xenon difluoride, which is a solution of xenon difluoride in concentrations up to 1.5%.

A biological additive for food storage is an aqueous solution in either the vapor-gas phase or the gas phase of xenon difluoride in a concentration of up to 1.5%. The biologically active additive for the preservation of transplants is an aqueous or physiological solution of xenon difluoride in concentrations up to 0.05%.

A dietary supplement for food storage and water purification is an aqueous solution or vapors of xenon difluoride in concentrations up to 1.5%.

Xenon difluoride is highly soluble in water, the prolongation time in water is significant for the destruction of all pathogenic microorganisms (including anthrax, tubercle bacillus, cholera, hepatitis A, B, C, etc.), but, most importantly, treatment with xenon difluoride allows not only neutralize water and aqueous solutions from microorganisms, but also completely destroy pathogenic microorganisms in old water supply networks (without disassembling them) at a concentration of xenon difluoride up to 0.05%.

The additive for storing fresh meat is xenon difluoride in the gas-vapor or gas phase in a concentration of up to 1.5%.

The additive for storing fresh meat in sealed packaging is an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in a concentration of up to 0.05%.

Dietary supplement for perfumes and cosmetics is an aqueous or physiological solution or a solution of xenon difluoride in glycol in concentrations up to 0.07%.

The transplant preservation additive is an aqueous or physiological solution of xenon difluoride in concentrations up to 0.05%.

Remedies for the disposal of toxic organic and inorganic substances and waste detoxification

The technical result in terms of means for the disposal and detoxification of waste is to create a tool that allows you to dispose of toxic organic and inorganic substances and decompose toxic impurities to non-toxic products.

This technical result is achieved by a means for complete disinfection, sterilization and detoxification of especially dangerous microorganisms, potent poisons, including dioxin derivatives, which at a temperature from -40 to 100 ° C contains an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride or an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in 10-50% a solution of hydrofluoric acid with a molar ratio of xenon difluoride / toxicant up to 10: 1.

Pharmaceutical Compositions

An object of the invention in terms of pharmaceutical compositions is the search for oxidizing chemicals similar in action to hypochlorites and ozone. Their use in medical practice should not require special equipment for measuring concentration in aqueous solutions and compositions with other therapeutic drugs. These substances should not react with proteins and blood elements, should be less toxic and more effective than oxidizing agents and superoxidants used in medicine.

Achievement of the indicated technical result is possible in a pharmaceutical composition having antibacterial, antimicrobial, fungicidal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, analgesic and wound healing effects, containing xenon difluoride in a concentration of up to 0.5% and an excipient.

The specified technical result is also achieved in a pharmaceutical composition having antibacterial, antimicrobial, fungicidal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, analgesic and wound healing effects containing xenon difluoride in the form of an aqueous or physiological solution or in vapors or in an oil solution in a concentration of up to 0.5% and filler.

It is possible to perform the composition in the form of a solution for applications on the affected areas or in the form of a solution for irrigation of the affected areas or in the form of oral dosage forms, or in the form of inhaled dosage forms (pairs).

The composition can be intended for the treatment of purulent wounds, trophic ulcers or for the treatment of surgical wounds, fungal diseases of the skin and nail plates, for the removal and anesthesia of necrotic tissues with chemical, thermal, radiant energy burns, and frostbite, for the treatment of conjunctivitis, pyoderma, meningococcal infections, inflammatory periodontal diseases, genital diseases.

The specified technical result is also achieved in a pharmaceutical composition having an antiviral effect, containing an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in a concentration of up to 0.5% and an excipient.

This composition can be intended for the prevention and treatment of influenza type A, B and C, for the treatment of viral skin diseases, for the treatment of HIV infection, for the prevention and treatment of herpes, for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis.

The specified technical result is also achieved by a pharmaceutical composition for detoxifying the body, containing an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in a concentration of up to 0.5% and a filler.

It is possible to use this composition for food poisoning and dysentery, for cleaning blood from pathogenic microorganisms and viruses, for treating cirrhosis of the liver, for plasma regeneration, for carbon monoxide poisoning.

The specified technical result is also achieved by a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of alcohol abuse or dependence, containing an aqueous or physiological solution of xenon difluoride in a concentration of up to 0.05% and an excipient.

The specified technical result is also achieved by a pharmaceutical composition having antibacterial, antimicrobial, fungicidal, antiviral effects, containing xenon difluoride in pairs at a concentration of up to 0.5% and an excipient.

This composition can be made in the form of a vapor composition for inhaled dosage forms and is intended for the treatment of tuberculosis, for the prevention and treatment of influenza A, B and C, for the purification of blood from pathogenic microorganisms and viruses, for the treatment of bronchial asthma, for detoxification of the body, for treatment skin diseases.

The best examples of carrying out the invention

A method of producing xenon difluoride and methods for its purification

The main conditions for the successful interaction of xenon and fluorine are the generation of atomic fluorine in the reaction vessel, the stabilization of the formed radicals in the form of neutral molecules by sequential addition of fluorine atoms. When fluorination of xenon, xenon di-, tetra- and hexafluorides are usually formed. Experimentally selected conditions of interaction, constituting the essence of the invention, allow to obtain practically high purity xenon difluoride.

For the synthesis, cylindrical fluoroplast-4 reactors are used with a diameter to height ratio of 1: 2, an inner diameter of 30 to 100 mm, and an interelectrode distance of 70 to 250 mm, respectively. In principle, it is possible to use cylindrical or U-shaped quartz vessels, however, rapid burning of quartz is observed at the places of bending of the reactor tube, and since the interaction of atomic fluorine with quartz, significant impurities of SiF ₄ , OF ₂ and O _{2 are formed} , which leads to a sharp decrease in the rate of formation of xenon difluoride and almost complete halt of the reaction and the formation of the target product (because oxygen impurities completely inhibit the formation of xenon difluoride.). It is preferable to use copper electrodes or monel metal, cooled by distilled water, connected to a discharge tube, for example, by means of fluoroplast-metal seals. All parts of the installation are made of materials resistant to fluorine.

For the synthesis of xenon difluoride, a glow discharge of alternating current of an industrial frequency of 50 Hz is used. High voltage is generated using a high voltage transformer. The values of current and voltage are controlled by a milliammeter and a kilovoltmeter, respectively. The current and voltage are regulated by an autotransformer, a battery of rheostats, as well as pressure in the discharge tube. Pressure is measured at the inlet of the reaction vessel with a standard pressure gauge.

To obtain xenon difluoride, xenon is used with a purity of 99 to 99.99%.

The synthesis is carried out in a cylindrical vessel made of fluoroplastic with a ratio of diameter to interelectrode distance of 1: 2.5 under static conditions with a constant supply of a gas mixture to the reactor. The molar ratio of xenon to fluorine in the experiments was varied from 5: 1 to 1: 2, as a result of which their optimal ratio was established equal to 1: 1.2. The rate of formation and purity of xenon difluoride is judged by the rate of flow of the gas mixture, by chromatographic analysis of the reaction products, and by the amount of the target product formed during the reaction. At the end of the synthesis, the reactor is placed in a heated quartz or fluoroplastic trap up to 100 ° C to distill the product or the product is unloaded in a box with a dry inert or air atmosphere.

In the synthesis of xenon difluoride, the voltage is varied in the range from 1.5 to 4.0 kV, the pressure is from 10 to 100 mm Hg.

The process:

- at a reactor temperature below minus 100 ° C leads to the formation of impurities of higher xenon fluorides;

- at temperatures above 0 ° C - to reduce the degree of conversion of the starting materials;

- at a pressure of reagents below 10.0 mm RT.article - to reduce the performance of the process;

- at a pressure of reagents above 50 mm Hg - to the formation of impurities of higher xenon fluorides;

- at a current strength below 30 mA - to reduce the performance of the process;

- at a current strength above 50 mA - to the appearance of impurities of higher xenon fluorides;

- stabilization of the target product on the walls of the reaction vessel below minus 100 ° C leads to an increase in the impurities of higher xenon fluorides;

- stabilization of the target product on the walls of the reaction vessel at temperatures above 60 ° C minutes leads to a decrease in the process productivity and the appearance of impurities of higher xenon fluorides.

The effect of the diameter of the reactor on the rate of xenon difluoride formation is shown in Table 1.

The use of reactors with a ratio of diameter to interelectrode distance of 1: 2 is optimal.

As the diameter of the reactor increases, the rate of xenon difluoride formation increases. With a reactor diameter of more than 50 mm and a current value above 30 mA, an explosive admixture of xenon tetrafluoride appears, traces of which were also observed when using reactors with a diameter of less than 50 mm in cases where the current value exceeded 50 mA.

The optimal conditions for the synthesis of xenon difluoride for a reactor with a diameter of 50 mm and an interelectrode distance of 100 mm are as follows:

- the molar ratio of xenon and fluorine reagents is 1: 1;

- pressure 30 mm Hg;

- reactor temperature minus 80 ° C;

- productivity is 60 g / h.

Moreover, the degree of conversion of the starting reagents into the target product is 98%.

The rate of xenon difluoride formation can be brought up to 200-250 g / h when using reactors with a diameter of 60-80 mm, at a current of 50 mA and a pressure of 35-40 mm Hg. However, in this case, xenon difluoride contains an explosive impurity (up to 2%) of xenon tetrafluoride. This problem can be solved by distillation of xenon difluoride in the presence of moisture (up to 3%) and subsequent purification of hydrogen fluoride.

Example 1. The synthesis of xenon difluoride, is to develop a high-performance method, including the interaction of xenon and fluorine in a glow discharge of alternating current in a reaction vessel at a temperature of minus 80 to 0 ° C, a pressure of 10-40 mm RT.article the current strength of 30-50 mA, the molar ratio of xenon to fluorine 1: (0.7-1.2), and the subsequent stabilization of the target product on the walls of the reaction vessel at a temperature of from 0 to minus 196 ° C.

Preferably, stabilization is carried out at a temperature of from minus 70 to minus 80 ° C. The interaction is carried out in a vessel of fluoroplast-4 of a cylindrical shape with a ratio of diameter to interelectrode distance of 1: 2 and a voltage between the electrodes of 2.5 kV (Table 1).

Example 2. The conditions are the same as in example 1, but preferably stabilization is carried out at a temperature of from minus 70 to minus 80 ° C.

Example 3. The conditions are the same as in example 2, but preferably the interaction is carried out in a vessel of a fluoroplastic cylindrical shape with a ratio of diameter to interelectrode distance of 1: 2 and a voltage between the electrodes of 2.5 kV.

Example 4. The best mode of synthesis of xenon difluoride with a purity of 99.5% and a capacity of 60 g / h: diameter of a reactor made of fluoroplastic 50 mm, current 30 mA, voltage 2.5 kV, pressure 30 mm Hg, distance between electrodes 110 mm, stabilization temperature of the target product minus 80 ° C.

The method of purification of xenon difluoride

The reaction of xenon fluorides with hydrogen oxide is investigated. The hydrolysis reactions in the gas phase of XeF ₂ , XeF ₄ , XeF ₆ vary greatly in exothermicity, different amounts of heat are released: 3.7 kJ / mol, 22.5 kJ / mol and 30.2 kJ / mol, respectively, which allows efficient and simple separation of xenon difluoride from impurities.

Example 5. The initial product of XeF ₂ in the amount of 10 g of 98% XeF ₂ , 1.9% XeF ₄ and 0.1% HF (according to chromatographic analysis).

The purification process consists in the distillation at room temperature of the initial product with vapors of distilled water in the amount necessary for the complete hydrolysis of XeF ₄ . Simple distillation does not allow physical methods to separate both the mixture of XeF ₂ and XeF ₄ , and the resulting molecular complex XeF ₂ · XeF ₄ , due to the proximity of physical parameters, but the explosive mixture is destroyed by interaction with water vapor and subsequent distillation of the reaction products from hydrogen fluoride in the usual way. The stoichiometric equation of the hydrolysis process (in the gas phase):

The hydrolysis of xenon difluoride at room temperature is a slow process and the half-hydrolysis time is 42 minutes, while the hydrolysis of xenon tetrafluoride proceeds quickly and often with an explosion (at room temperature), and the half-hydrolysis time is seconds.

Loss of xenon difluoride in this purification method is not more than 10%.

The yield of pure xenon difluoride is 90% (9.0 g). Purity according to chromatographic analysis of at least 99.5% (HF impurity is 0.5%).

Example 6. The initial composition of 10 g of xenon difluoride with an admixture of xenon tetrafluoride 2.9%, an admixture of HF not more than 0.2%.

The process of purification of xenon difluoride consists in adding crystals of the initial product to a fluoroplastic trap containing ice water, heating the trap to room temperature for 5 minutes, and then distilling the products of realization in the usual way. Loss of xenon difluoride in this method of purification is not more than 20%. The yield of pure product is 75%. Purity according to chromatographic analysis of at least 99.5% (admixture of HF 0.5%).

Example 7. Starting material 10 g of xenon difluoride containing an explosive admixture of xenon tetrafluoride 2.5%, an explosive admixture of xenon hexafluoride 5% and an admixture of hydrogen fluoride 0.4%.

The purification process consists in adding crystals of the starting material at a temperature from 0 to minus 20 ° С with subsequent heating of the reactor to room temperature and to the fluoroplastic reactor containing hydrogen fluoride with water additives necessary for the complete hydrolysis of impurities of tetrafluoride and xenon hexafluoride distillation of the reaction products in the usual manner.

The yield of pure xenon difluoride is 62% (6.2 g). Purity not less than 99.5%. HF admixture not more than 0.5%.

This method is preferred for purification of a product containing impurities of xenon hexafluoride, which usually explodes upon hydrolysis with water.

As a result of the cleaning process by the method according to the invention, it is possible to provide:

- the purity of the target product is not less than 99.5%,

- product loss as a result of purification from higher xenon fluorides (xenon tetrafluoride and xenon hexafluoride) is not more than 20%,

- productivity is up to 50 g / hour.

Means for disinfection, sterilization, asepsis and detoxification

As chemical reagents, compositions from aqueous solutions of xenon difluoride with the addition of xenon trioxide or hydrogen peroxide in concentrations sufficient to destroy spores, bacteria, fungi and viruses, but safe for medical personnel and not showing high corrosion activity, are used.

Means 1 for disinfection, sterilization, asepsis, detoxification for especially dangerous infections - an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in concentrations up to 1.5%.

Means 2 for disinfection, sterilization, aseptic, detoxification of surfaces for especially dangerous infections - an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in concentrations up to 1.5% with the addition of an aqueous solution of xenon in concentrations of up to 1.5%.

Means 3 for disinfection, sterilization, aseptic, surface detoxification in case of especially dangerous infections - an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in concentrations up to 1.5% and hydrogen peroxide in concentrations up to 0.3%.

Means 4 for disinfection and sterilization of dental and microsurgical instruments - an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in a concentration of not more than 0.3%.

Means 5 for the disinfection and sterilization of dental and microsurgical instruments - an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in a concentration of not more than 0.3% with the addition of xenon in a concentration of not more than 0.05%.

Means 6 for the disinfection and sterilization of dental and microsurgical instruments - an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in a concentration of not more than 0.3% with the addition of hydrogen peroxide in a concentration of not more than 0.05%.

Means 7 for disinfection and sterilization of technological equipment of pharmacological firms (without disassembling them) - an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in a concentration of up to 0.5%.

Means 8 for disinfection and sterilization of technological equipment of pharmacological firms (without disassembling them) - an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in a concentration of up to 0.5% with the addition of an aqueous solution of xenon trioxide in a concentration of not more than 0.05%.

Means 9 for disinfection and sterilization of technological equipment of pharmacological firms (without disassembling them) - an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in a concentration of up to 0.5% and hydrogen peroxide in a concentration of not more than 0.05%.

Means 10 for disinfection and sterilization of contact lenses - an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in a concentration of not more than 0.05%.

Means 11 for disinfection and sterilization of contact lenses - an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in a concentration of not more than 0.05% and hydrogen peroxide in a concentration of not more than 0.05%.

Means 12 for disinfection and sterilization of contact lenses - an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in a concentration of not more than 0.05% and xenon trioxide in a concentration of not more than 0.05%.

The tool 13 for complete disinfection, sterilization, detoxification of especially dangerous microorganisms, potent poisons, including dioxin derivatives, at temperatures from -40 to 100 ° C contains an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride or a solution of xenon difluoride in 10-50% hydrofluoric acid in the ratio (in mol%) xenon difluoride / toxicant up to 10: 1.

Starting materials

Xenon difluoride is a solid crystalline substance whose stability when stored in sealed fluoroplastic containers at room temperature is tens of years.

Hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of 98% is a liquid that can be stored in a dark sealed vessel for decades.

An xenon difluoride aqueous solution is prepared immediately before use, since the concentration of xenon difluoride in the solution decreases at a rate of ~ 50% per hour at room temperature.

The treatment of solutions and surfaces by means of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 is carried out with an exposure of at least 5 minutes by spraying, irrigation, or in the vapor-gas phase. Means 1 in solution or in the gas-vapor phase without and using compressed gases can be used to disinfect and sterilize especially dangerous infections (plague, cholera, anthrax and brucellosis in animal husbandry). The tool 1, 2 can be used as a skin aseptic for the sterilization of the hands of surgeons and the disinfection of the hands of medical personnel, as well as the operating, injection fields, birth canals. This agent in 5 minutes completely suppresses bacteria, fungi, viruses.

Means 1-12 exhibit bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal and sporocidal properties and are effective for disinfection and sterilization of instruments and devices, including flexible and rigid endoscopes, medical instruments made of metal, platinum, glass, used in dentistry and microsurgery. Disinfection and sterilization is carried out at a temperature of 0 to 25 ° C for 10-15 minutes. For the effective use of these products and products, organic contaminants should be removed before they are processed. When processing medical devices that are simple in design, they use 1-6. Processing is carried out for 15 minutes when they are completely immersed in the solution, ensuring the absence of air bubbles on the surface and the filling of all channels. The thickness of the solution layer above the products should be at least 1 cm. When processing medical devices of complex design, use a tool 1-3 or a tool 4-6 in accordance with the instructional and methodological documents for these products. To disinfect products from bacteria, germs, viruses and fungi, a 10-minute exposure in products 1-12 is enough. With prolonged contact (without exhaust ventilation) and when used on large surfaces, an aqueous solution of funds 1-9 has a slight irritating effect on the mucous membranes of the eyes, respiratory system at concentrations in xenon difluoride solutions of not more than 0.01%. Means 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in a gas-vapor medium can also be used for disinfection and sterilization from microbes and fungal contamination of agricultural products, including grain products, root crops, and bulb crops.

To date, aqueous solutions of inorganic xenon compounds have not been used to disinfect and sterilize contact lenses. When processing contact lenses with means 1-6, 10-12, in addition to the main task of destroying microorganisms, additional effects are achieved. Tools 1-6 and 10-12 have high detergent properties in relation to organic and inorganic substances and various contaminants (RU No. 2065488). It is noted that the treatment of modern contact lenses with these agents improves their optical properties by leaching the polymerization catalyst and additional polymerization of monomers and oligomers. In addition, residual concentrations of 10-12 in the volume of contact lenses keep them sterile for longer. Sterilization is performed by single or multiple immersion of contact lenses in 10-12 for more than 5 minutes, followed by washing (by immersion) in distilled water or physiological saline.

Means 7-9 produce processing as aqueous solutions by flushing the walls with a spray, spraying means or their vapor-gas phase. The time required for processing reactors with a volume of 2.5 to 16 m ³ is from 15 to 30 minutes.

Means 1-3 in the vapor-gas phase can be used for disinfection and sterilization of hospital supplies, such as bedding, dressings, etc., as well as pacemakers, optics, rubber, metal, plastic products, etc.

Means 1, 2, 3 can be used for disinfection and sterilization of various surfaces and the environment (air) in warehouses for storage of especially valuable items, in the premises of medical institutions: operating rooms, aseptic, resuscitation chambers of surgical departments, in burn centers, maternity hospitals homes and children's wards of obstetric hospitals, in mobile tent-type hospitals.

Means 1, 2 and 3 can be used to disinfect and sterilize drugs and their components against microbial contamination.

Means 1, 2 and 3 can be used for disinfection and sterilization of various surfaces at pH below 8.

Means 1-12 carry out processing as aqueous solutions by washing the walls with a jet, spraying the means or their vapor-gas phase of various processing lines and reactors. Means 1-9 can be used for disinfection and sterilization of various surfaces in warehouses for storing especially valuable items, in the premises of medical institutions: operating rooms, aseptic, resuscitation chambers of surgical departments, in burn centers, maternity hospitals and orphanages of obstetric hospitals, in meat and dairy industry, veterinary medicine, mobile hospitals of a tent type.

The tool 13 can be used to kill highly dangerous infections, potent poisons to non-toxic products. This tool has a pronounced biocidal effect.

Extemporaneously prepared products are stable in time sufficient for processing a typical industrial facility by irrigation, their freezing temperature is below minus 40 ° С (non-aqueous solutions), have a high extracting ability with respect to the main toxic substances, promote and have a satisfactory detoxification.

Tools 1-13 are prepared immediately before use as directed (extemporaneously).

Example 24. The biocidal activity of agent 1 (XeF ₃ ) was tested against a liquid biological product based on a vaccine strain of the anthrax pathogen (CTU strain). Table 2 shows that complete disinfection of the mixture occurs with a 5-minute exposure, at a concentration of 1.03.03% and a microbial load of 2.0 × 10 ⁶ .

Example 25. The sporocidal activity of agent 1 (XeF ₂ ) was tested against the agar culture of Bacillus Subtilis Var. niger. Table 3 shows that the complete destruction of this culture occurs at a concentration of 10.07%, with a 2-minute exposure and a microbial load of 3.2 × 10 ⁶ .

Example 26. The efficacy of XeF ₂₊ XeO ₃ was studied for the following microorganisms: staphylococcus aureas, staphylococcus preumoniae, pseudomonas earuginosa, escherichia coli, bacullus subtilies, proteus vulgaris, candida alligars, enterobacter, siberivan ul 6 influenza, , herpes), fungi.

In the study of the disinfecting effect by the Fagolysis method, the antimicrobial activity of means 2 on gram-positive microbes was determined at a concentration of 0.02%.

In the study by the method of impregnation of disks, the activity of solutions was determined at concentrations up to 0.00002%.

The research results allow us to conclude that the antimicrobial activity of funds 1, 2 and 3, depending on the degree of depletion of solutions and time - exposure. There is a lack of growth when exposed to agents 1 and 2 in dilutions from 0.02 to 0.002% on staphylococcal flora (10 min) and anthrocoid. Table 4 shows the results of the action of funds 1, 2 in dilutions from 0.02 to 0.002% for daily cultures in 1 ml. Sown crops of 10 units. (10 ⁹ cells in 1 ml). Exposure 5 min.

Example 27. Table 5 shows the disinfection modes of plastic utensils (without food residues) from intestinal, drip infections and anthrax by immersing it in disinfectant aqueous solutions of Agent 1 (XeF ₂ ). In the same Table 5, for comparison, the disinfection modes of plastic utensils (without food residues) from intestinal drip infections and anthrax with aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide with 0.5% detergent of the dibasic calcium hypochlorite salt and acetic acid solution are shown.

Example 28. Table 6 shows the disinfection modes of plastic utensils (with food debris) from intestinal, drip infections and anthrax by immersing it in disinfectant aqueous solutions of agent 1 (XeF ₂ ). For comparison, the disinfection modes of plastic utensils (with food debris) from intestinal drip infections and anthrax with aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide with 0.5% detergent of the dibasic salt of calcium hypochlorite and a solution of peracetic acid are shown.

Example 29. Table 7 shows the sterilization modes of the endoscopes with Tool 1 (XeF ₂ ). In the same Table 7, for comparison, sterilization modes of endoscopes are shown with Sidex sterilizing agents (USA), Lysoform - 3000 (Germany), Coldspor (USA) and gigisept FF (Germany).

Example 30. Table 8 shows the regimes of gas sterilization of medical devices with formaldehyde and xenon difluoride. In the same table, for comparison, sterilization modes of formaldehyde vapor and formaldehyde solutions in ethyl alcohol are shown.

Example 32. Table 9 shows the modes of disinfecting surfaces of monolithic plastics by irrigation with solutions of disinfectant preparations. For comparison, Table 9 shows the disinfection modes of monolithic plastic surfaces by irrigation with disinfectant solutions with a tribasic calcium hypochlorite salt, hydrogen peroxide with 0.5% detergent and deoxane 1. High disinfecting properties of xenon difluoride are shown.

Examples of the use of pharmaceutical compositions

Example 33. A volunteer was treated for chronic ulcerative pyoderma. On the skin of the legs and the rear of the feet, calves and thighs, there were also many painful ulcers that merged together, at the bottom of which purulent and necrotic masses, sluggish granulations were visible. The edges of the ulcer are slightly elevated above the level of healthy skin, slightly infiltrated. The treatment was carried out as follows. A sterile gauze or swab is moistened with a solution of xenon difluoride in a concentration of up to 0.5% and applied to the affected areas of the skin for 15-20 minutes 4 times a day and 20 ml of an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride concentration of up to 0.07% is administered orally at the same time, and in heavy In cases, a physiological solution of xenon difluoride is administered at the rate of 0.2-0.5 mg / kg of patient weight per day. The course of treatment is up to 10 days. After a week break, the cycle was repeated. Ulcers healed after 2-3 cycles of treatment.

Example 34. Studies on volunteers were carried out for various types of herpes diseases. The research results showed that in the first stages of the disease, when the patient feels a burning sensation on the lips, nose, under the armpits, i.e. to the lumbar zone, it is enough to apply solutions with a concentration of difluoride concentration of up to 0.5% for up to 1 minute, a maximum of 2 times after 2-3 hours. At the stage when the first bubbles appear, application with solutions is carried out up to 2-3 minutes and 4-5 times in a day. In this case, it is desirable to carry out applications without damaging the bubbles, and finally, at the stage of bubbles or scabs, abundant wetting is carried out and applications up to 5-10 minutes 6-10 times a day. In all cases of treatment for herpes, healing took place without scarring and painlessly.

Example 35. On dozens of people conducted research to eliminate alcohol dependence. As a result of the study, it was found that working concentrations completely neutralize alcohol and the associated symptoms (intoxication, headaches), approximately a volume of 0.05% solution per volume of alcohol 50%. The duration of the action is from 15 to 30 minutes. Reception is carried out in portions until a neutral reaction to alcohol in pairs when exhaling or the introduction of a physiological solution of drugs into the blood, also until a neutral reaction to alcohol. Patients who took 20 ml of a 0.05% solution of xenon difluoride for 2 weeks 3 times a day before meals for half an hour were almost completely relieved of alcohol dependence.

When drugs are introduced into the blood, a significant saturation of the blood with oxygen is observed (in addition to disinfecting and sterilizing properties).

Conducted experimental studies on volunteers suggest that xenon difluoride has a wide spectrum of action, can be used in the treatment of various diseases. Therapeutic doses of xenon difluoride preparations from 0.001% should not exceed 0.5% if the solution is administered orally or intravenously, and 0.07% if the drug is administered by application. The following are examples of the use of xenon difluoride as a broad-spectrum agent, i.e. in the treatment of various diseases.

Example 36. A method for the treatment and prevention of influenza type A, A1, A2, B and C is carried out by treating the mucous surfaces of the nasopharynx with xenon difluoride solutions or by inhalation in pairs of solid xenon difluoride (inhalation 3-5 s) 3-4 times a day.

Example 37. A method of treating purulent wounds, trophic ulcers is that 2 times a day is treated by spraying, for example, with a spray, an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride, and then (after drying the surface) with physiological solution of xenon trioxide to 0.07% concentration.

Example 38. A method of treating fungal and viral diseases of the skin or nail plates consists in the application of a gauze moistened with xenon difluoride for 15-20 minutes to 0.5% concentration followed by treatment with ointment: olive oil + xenon trioxide to 0 , 07% concentration.

Example 39. A method of treating tissue necrosis of a living organism with an analgesic effect resulting from mechanical (injury), chemical (acid, alkali), temperature (burns, frostbite), exposure to radiant energy, is that the affected area is treated with an aqueous solution of difluoride xenon or saline xenon trioxide concentration up to 0.5%.

Example 40. A method for the treatment of conjunctivitis (the study was conducted on dogs) is that 2-3 drops of xenon difluoride are instilled into the conjunctival sac, wiped with a cotton wool moistened with an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride or xenon trioxide to a 0.5% concentration.

Example 41. The treatment of surgical wounds is that to prevent suppuration, the wound is treated with an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride of 0.07% concentration followed by treatment of the wound with gauze tissue moistened with a solution of xenon trioxide of 0.05% concentration for 15-20 minutes. Healing takes place without scars.

Example 42. A method of treating patients with non-specific lung diseases includes drug therapy and the patient is inhaled by treating with xenon difluoride vapor for 5-15 seconds 3-4 times a day.

Example 43. A method for the treatment of chronic purulent endobronchitis includes endotracheal and inhalation administration of antibacterial agents, inhalation of the respiratory tract with vapors of xenon difluoride for 5-15 seconds 3-4 times a day.

Example 44. A method of treating gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer consists in the intragastric administration of a substance - physiological solution of xenon trioxide or an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in a concentration of not more than 0.5% daily until the pain is stopped, then 1-2 days - to the formation of pink skin. Instead of intragastric, oral administration of 20-30 ml of the same solutions is possible 3-4 times a day for 10 days.

Example 45. A method of treating neurodermatitis consists in inhalation of the respiratory tract with xenon difluoride vapors, a solution of 10-30 ml of xenon difluoride solution 3-4 times a day at a concentration of not more than 0.5% is orally administered and physiological solution of xenon trioxide is injected intramuscularly in a concentration of 0.01-0.05% in a volume of 0.2-0.5 mg / kg of body weight.

Example 46. A method of treating inflammatory periodontal diseases consists in the use of an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride at a concentration of 0.07% in a volume of 10 ml in the form of applications for each half of the jaw and instillation with physiological solution of xenon difluoride or xenon difluoride olive oil concentrations up to 0.5% in pathological gingival pockets up to 1 ml. This method is very effective for the treatment of the inflammatory process in periodontium with an anesthetic effect, does not cause side effects and can be used in any dental institution.

Example 47. A method of treating inflammatory diseases of the internal genital organs of women and the genitals of men consists in treating them with solutions of xenon difluoride concentration up to 0.07% 2-3 times a day for 3-5 days.

Example 48. Xenon difluoride can be used as a means to stimulate monocytic phagocytosis in patients with chronic non-specific lung disease due to their detoxifying effect and immunostimulating effect on monocytic phagocytosis.

Example 49. Patient: a 52-year-old man, as a result of working with gaseous fluorine and organofluorine toxic compounds for 20 years, he received a disease - pancreatitis, with aching pain during the day, gas exchange is disturbed, pains that prevent sleep at night. The condition worsened every day.

The patient took a solution of xenon difluoride at a concentration of 0.07% in 15 ml 3 times a day. After taking it during the day, the patient for the first time for all time calmly fell asleep and slept for 12 hours. Painful sensations disappeared. After 3 ten-day treatment cycles, the state of the body gradually improved, pain, normal sleep disappeared, blood sugar levels decreased, gas exchange normalized, blood composition became normal in almost all respects.

General blood analysis:

Hemoglobin 150 g / l (before treatment 120 g / l); Red blood cells 4.7 · 10 ¹² / l

(3.7 · 10 ¹² / l); Color index 0.99 (0.8), ESR 5 mm / h

(2 mm / h); Platelets 230 · 10 ⁹ / l (150 · 10 ⁹ / l); White blood cells

4.4 · 10 ⁹ / l (3.8 · 10 ⁹ / l); RBC 4.7 · 10 ¹² / L (4.0 · 10 ¹² / L)

neutrophils: nuclear rod 2 (n1); segmented nuclear 50 (47); Leukogram: eosinophils 3 (1); basophils 1 (0.5); lymphocytes 33 (23); monocytes 11 (5).

Biochemical analysis of blood serum

Bilirubin: total 7.6 μm / L (7.0); indirect 7.6 μm / l (5); ALT 47 (48); ACT 49.8 (48); cholesterol 4.5 mm / l (3.5); blood diastasis 241 units (220).

Example 50. A patient, a man of 48 years. He received a burn of the right side of the face and a burn of the inner side of the right hand (hand) with ball lightning (change of fuses at a high-voltage substation during a thunderstorm). Severe painful and stressful state (blisters formed on the arm and face). The treatment was carried out by spraying first with an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride at a concentration of 0.5% (before drying), and then with an aqueous solution of xenon trioxide at a concentration of 0.05% 4-6 times a day for 15 days. Pain and burning stopped after the first treatment with solutions. After the 7th day of treatment, young pink skin appeared, scabs almost all disappeared, and on the 15th day the skin became normal, the healing went without scars. On the hand of the right hand, where there was a very severe burn, slightly light skin remained on the site of deep burns.

Xenon difluoride solutions can also be used in veterinary medicine for:

- prevention of postpartum endometritis of agricultural animals;

- fight against mastitis of agricultural animals;

- prevention and treatment of bronchopneumonia and dyspepsia of agricultural animals and birds;

- treatment of purulent conjunctivitis, stomatitis, carbuncles and boils.

Example 51. A dog, a German shepherd breed, was treated for inflammation of the oral mucosa (stomatitis). Inflammation was ulcerative. Chewing was impaired in the dog, and frothy, viscous saliva was released from the oral cavity. The animal behaved uneasily, refused feed. The treatment was carried out by irrigation of the oral cavity of the dog with a solution of xenon difluoride at a concentration of 0.5% 3 times a day.

A single dose for irrigation was 20 ml of solution. On day 5, discharge from the mouth stopped, the smell disappeared, on day 10, the ulcers healed.

Example 52. A dog, a German shepherd breed, was treated for acute inflammation of several hair sacs and sebaceous glands located nearby (carbuncles). In this case, an extensive infiltrate was formed with a predominance of necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. In the area of inflammation, severe pain was noted. The disease was accompanied by fever and fever. The treatment involved removing the coat, applying gauze with a moistened solution of xenon difluoride at a concentration of 0.05% to the affected skin for 15-20 minutes 3 times a day. After 10 days, the dog is clinically healthy.

Example 53. The treatment of the dog, the breed is mestizo, 3 years old, weight 65 kg. Diagnosis: indigestion, diarrhea caused by dysentery bacillus. The treatment was carried out by introducing an oral aqueous solution of xenon difluoride 0.07% in 20 ml three times a day. Three days later, there was no loose stool; the analysis for dysentery bacillus was negative.

Biologically active additives

In perfumes and cosmetics, it is preferable to add to ointments, creams, lotions, shampoos, lipsticks, and the like. xenon difluoride at a concentration of up to 0.07%. For perfumes and cosmetics, the additive is an aqueous or physiological solution, or a solution of xenon difluoride glycol in a concentration of up to 0.07%.

An aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in a concentration of up to 1.5% is also used for water purification.

Xenon difluoride is introduced into food products at the stage of capping in a sealed container (for canned food). For long-term storage of fresh meat, the product is placed in a gaseous medium of xenon difluoride, or treated in a vapor-gas medium with xenon difluoride or trioxide, or processed by dipping into a solution of xenon difluoride with a concentration of up to 1.5% for 5-10 minutes and then packaging in an airtight container (with the addition of up to 0.05% xenon difluoride). The shelf life of processed products under room conditions increases by 5-10 times.

To preserve the transplants, the latter are placed in an aqueous or physiological solution of xenon difluoride at a concentration of up to 0.05% on demand (organ). Shelf life - up to several days depending on temperature + 5- + 25 ° С.

Disposal and detoxification of toxic organic and inorganic substances and toxic emissions of industrial enterprises

The disposal and detoxification of toxic emissions from industrial enterprises using xenon compounds is carried out as follows:

a) in the gas phase - xenon difluoride or in the gas-vapor phase with a solution based on xenon difluoride;

b) in solutions - xenon difluoride;

c) on hard surfaces - by washing with a solution of xenon difluoride.

The concentration of oxidizing agents is used depending on the concentration of toxic substances in a molar ratio of from 1: 1 to 10: 1.

Antimicrobial tissues with chemically bound hexachlorophene are an effective way to combat purulent infection and have been used to make linen, personal hygiene items (napkins, towels). Earlier, instructions on the use of antimicrobial fabric underwear in surgical, gynecological and dermatological institutions, as well as in obstetric institutions, were approved.

Antimicrobial underwear containing chemically bonded hexachlorophene was also widely used for the prevention of pustular skin diseases in people who had been in hermetically enclosed rooms for a long time (on Navy ships, space ships, bio-complexes, and other special facilities). Tissues with chemically attached hexachlorophene have an antimicrobial effect on pathogens of especially dangerous infections: plague, brucellosis, tularemia, and the vegetative form of anthrax.

However, as a result of a review of materials on the toxicity of hexachlorophene and its harmful effects on humans and the environment, the results of studies on the use of antimicrobial tissues with chemically bound hexachlorophene and the determination of the composition of toxic impurities of hexachlorophene and in antimicrobial tissues containing chemically bound hexachlorophene, it was found:

1. Hexachlorophene, powder, TU 6-14-136-76, contains dioxin 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo (α) paradioxin in concentrations of 102 mg / kg. Hexachlorophene, technical paste, TU 6-14-896-86, contains dioxin 1 mg / kg.

Antimicrobial tissue LRH-180 with chemically bonded hexachlorophene contains dioxin 0.3-1.5 × 10 ^-4 mg / m ² with an increase after a single washing of ironing at 170 ° C to 3.8-4.0 × 10 ^-4 mg / m ² .

The production of hexachlorophene was carried out on the basis of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and was stopped due to the detection of dioxin in wastewater, sludge and the product 2,4,5-trichlorophenol itself. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo (2) paradioxin, detected as an impurity to hexachlorobenzene, is the most toxic of the synthesized chemicals, has very high cumulative properties, along with a general toxic effect (inhibition of enzyme activity, impaired liver function, peripheral and central nervous system, changes in blood plasma, hyperkeratosis, chloracne of the skin) has a pronounced carcinogenic, gonatropic, embryotoxic and teratogenic effect, active immunosuppressant.

The detected concentrations of dioxin in hexachlorophene, powder and technical paste, antimicrobial tissues and other products, in wastewater in the production of the starting hexachlorophene, powder and technical paste many times exceed (hundreds, thousands of times) permissible safe levels of exposure to humans and environmental objects.

Xenon difluoride allows you to destroy toxic impurities, for example, in the antimicrobial tissues of LRH-180 with chemically bound hexachlorophene with an impurity content of 0.3 to 4.0 × 10 ^-4 mg / m ² .

A new highly effective method has been developed for purifying water from toxic impurities by xenon-based superoxidants in the preparation of drinking water, for the destruction of harmful impurities in industrial wastewater, for the destruction of toxic impurities in waste water from chlorine-organic derivatives of arsenic, phosphorus, sulfur and microbial contamination. Water purification improves the taste of water, discolours both drinking and wastewater, reduces the concentration of organic compounds in water and transfers difficultly oxidized substances, including poisons, into non-toxic products, increases the oxygen content, fluoride ion in water and destroys bacteria, viruses, fungi, microbes.

Xenon difluoride allows not only to neutralize dioxin derivatives, but also to utilize chlorine derivatives, for example hexachlorophen, to valuable products by fluorination, hydrolysis and oxidation in aqueous and non-aqueous media.

Fluorination and hydrolysis of hexachlorophene leads to the formation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, which itself is an insecticide and fungicide.

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid derived from 2,4,5-trichlorophenol is an effective herbicide.

The intense herbicidal effect of the preparations of the chlorophenoxycarboxylic acid group, their salts and esters is due to their ability to inhibit the transport of auxins.

The 2,4,5-trichlorophenol derivative, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, is a valuable product in the synthesis of pesticides.

Industrial applicability

Physico-chemical and oxidative properties of xenon difluoride

Xenon Difluoride (XeF ₂ )

Xenon difluoride, (XeF ₂ ), has a wide spectrum of action: antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiviral, fungicidal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, wound healing, and can also be used to detoxify the body, including alcohol abuse, poisoning.

Xenon difluoride (XeF ₂ ) is a solid crystalline powder with a vapor pressure of 4.5 mm Hg at a temperature of 25 ° C. The molecular weight of xenon difluoride is 169.3 g, melting point 141 ° C, xenon difluoride does not decompose to a temperature of 500 ° C. Xenon difluoride is soluble in acetonitrile, dichloromethane, freons, carbon tetrachloride, dimethyl sulfoxide and in water (in molecular form). The purity of xenon difluoride is over 99.5%. Higher fluorides are absent, the main impurity is only traces of HF.

The stability of the xenon difluoride substance in the crystalline state is more than 10 years when stored in sealed containers of fluoroplastic at a temperature of 25 ° C.

The hydrolysis of xenon difluoride in aqueous, physiological solutions and in the blood, as a result of which highly active particles are formed, depends on temperature and time. For example, the half-life of xenon difluoride by 50% occurs in aqueous solutions over a period of 7-8 hours at a temperature of 0 ° C and 40-50 minutes at a temperature of 25 ° C, therefore, xenon difluoride solutions are prepared immediately before use. The crystals must be taken with tweezers, the crystals must be dissolved by stirring for 5-10 minutes at a temperature of 25 ° C and 10-15 minutes at a temperature of + 5- + 10 ° C. Dissolution of the substance can be carried out in glassware, dishes made of polyethylene and fluorine plastic-4. Solutions are prepared extemporaneously and used immediately after preparation.

Xenon difluoride solutions exhibit high biocidal activity against a liquid biological product based on a vaccine strain of the anthrax pathogen (STI strain). The data presented in Table 3 show that complete death of anthrax cells is achieved already at a solution concentration of 0.03% and a treatment time of 5 minutes, 0.1% and a treatment time of 5 minutes and almost instantly at a solution concentration of 0.3% .

The results were evaluated by the microbiological method by determining the concentration of colony forming units (CFU) before and after mixing the suspension of microbial cells with xenon difluoride solutions. The interaction time of microorganisms with xenon difluoride solutions is from 1 to 40 minutes. After a predetermined time, samples were taken and neutralized with sodium thiosulfate (Na ₂ S ₂ O ₃ · 5H ₂ O) in a ratio of 1: 9 solutions. Then, sowing on elective solid nutrient medium (PPS) of 0.1 ml per cup was carried out by the method of successive dilutions.

The cups were thermostated for 72 hours at a temperature of 37 ° C (depending on the type of biological product). In parallel, bacteriological control of the test suspension was carried out (without treatment with xenon difluoride). The data obtained were processed statistically with a probability level of 95%.

Experimental studies of the sporocidal activity of xenon difluoride solutions were carried out. As a test culture used agar culture of Bacillus Subtilis var. niger. The study of sporocidal activity was carried out according to the following method: metal test objects 2 × 3 cm ² in size seeded with Bacillus Subtilis agar culture with a density of 10 ⁵ ... 10 ⁶ spores cm ² , immersed in the test solution; at certain intervals, test objects were removed from the solution and placed in vials with flushing neutralizing liquid. The antibacterial effect of xenon difluoride is completely neutralized by a solution of sodium thiosulfate (Na ₂ S ₂ O ₃ · 5H ₂ O) in a ratio of 1: 9. Wash liquid was sown in 0.1 ml per Petri dish with a dense nutrient medium Gauze I, after incubation for 72 hours counted grown colonies. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the disinfection effect of the studied xenon difluoride was carried out on the basis of three repeated experiments with matching results. The data presented in table 3 show that xenon difluoride solutions exhibit high sporocidal activity. Complete disinfection of test surfaces is already achieved at a concentration of 0.07% and a processing time of 2 minutes.

The bactericidal and fungicidal activity of xenon difluoride solutions was studied. The effectiveness of xenon difluoride solutions was studied with respect to microorganisms: Bacillus Subtilis ATCC 6633, Candida albigans, which were grown for 7 days, Staphylococcus auries, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which were grown for 18-24 hours. Batiste tests were impregnated with a suspension of microorganisms or applied dropwise onto a foil. The suspension density (according to the optical standard) was 1 × 10 ⁸ for Staphylococcus auries and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 5 × 10 ⁷ for Candida albigans and Bacillus Subtilis ATCC 6633.

An infection density of (2.5-3.0) x10 ⁵ RE was applied to the foil. The tests were immersed in a solution of xenon difluoride for various times, and then, after washing twice in sterile water, the tests with bacterial culture were immersed in thioglycol medium, and the fungi were immersed in Saburo medium. The results were taken into account preliminary after 24 hours, finally - after 14 days. It was found that Staphylococcus auries, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albigans perished after 10 minutes of exposure to a solution of xenon difluoride at a concentration of 0.01% and after 20 minutes of exposure to a solution of xenon difluoride at a concentration of 0.001%. The spore forms of Bacillus Subtilis ATCC 6633 died after 10 minutes on the batiste tests and after 1-2 minutes on the foil at a concentration of 0.01%.

The bactericidal activity of xenon difluoride in physiological solutions against microorganisms Staphylococcus aurers, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumonniae was studied. It was found that complete disinfection of physiological saline occurs at a concentration of xenon difluoride of 0.05% and a microbial load of 2.7 × 10 ⁶ .

Xenon difluoride (XeF ₂ ), on the basis of which pharmaceutical compositions of a wide spectrum of action can be created, has low toxicity compared to other oxidizing agents and superoxidants used in medicine.

So, for example, the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide is MPC 1.4 mg / m ³ , LD / 50-0.2 mg / kg, the toxicity of ozone is MPC 0.1 mg / m ³ , LC / 50 0.04 mg / L. The toxicity of the proposed drugs is: xenon difluoride - MPC 400 mg / m ³ , LD / 50 100 mg / kg.

Studies of xenon difluoride and xenon trioxide for toxicity were performed in experiments on white mice and rats.

The daily administration of LD ₅₀ xenon difluoride solution to the stomach of rats and mice for 4 months did not lead to leukopenia and a decrease in the phagocytic activity of leukocytes. Histologically, no irritation of the gastrointestinal tract or a change in the liver, kidneys, or myocardium was detected. In experiments on guinea pigs, an irritating and sensitizing effect on the skin, as well as a general sensitizing effect, were not shown. In humans, in the presence of a concentration of 400 mg / m ³ in the air, a skin test was negative in 40 examined patients; no eosinophilia was noted. When the concentrated solution of both preparations (5%) was applied to the tails of mice, hyperemia and crusting occurred. After 2-3 days there was a complete restoration of the skin. Application of an average therapeutic dose of a solution of difluoride and xenon trioxide to the skin of rabbits under conditions of a single (4 h) experiment is not accompanied by severe skin irritations. Repeated exposure to a 0.05% solution for 4 hours for 15 days, starting from 12-14 days, causes the appearance of dryness and peeling of the epidermis, but 2-3 days after the end of exposure, the condition of the skin is completely normal. Repeated application (10 times for 2 hours) of a 0.05% solution of the funds on the skin of the tails of mice did not lead to irritation. When applying with working solutions, no visible changes were detected on the skin of rabbits. The experiment was carried out for 2 weeks with daily exposure without subsequent flushing of the drug. The study of the process of resorption of the agent through the skin in a 2-week experiment on the tails of mice did not reveal visible clinical manifestations and changes in the behavior of animals. Functional shifts, evaluated at the end of the exposure, taking into account the total threshold indicator of muscular performance and coordination of movements on a rotating cone, were absent (see Tables 10, 11 and 12).

A study of the effect of preparations with a concentration of 0.05% on the mucous membrane of a rabbit's eye was carried out for 10 days by instillation into the conjunctival sac, 2 drops 3 times a day, with no spasm of the palpebral fissure, no hyperemia and edema of the eyelids.

The effect of xenon difluoride on the vein wall, on injuries at the injection site and on the human cell was investigated. It was found that the concentration of 0.05% does not cause any additional damage (except for the injection caused by the injection of drugs), but on the contrary, is a means of anesthesia and quick healing of the injection. No redness observed. As a result of in vitro studies on the following cell lines, under standard culture conditions, RPMI-1640 medium with 15% PCS, 5% CO ₂ was shown that the working concentrations of the preparations ensure the sterility of the studied solutions. In the studied concentration (0.05%) they do not have a pronounced toxic effect on cell cultures (HUV-78, MOLT-4 and Raji), which remain viable and continue to multiply.

Pharmaceutical compositions having the indicated biological effects contain up to 0.5% xenon difluoride and an excipient as an active compound. The pharmaceutical compositions contain xenon difluoride in the form of an aqueous or physiological solution or xenon difluoride in vapors or in oil (for example, olive, sea buckthorn). They can be introduced into the body orally, intravenously, intramuscularly, by irrigation, inhalation or application to the affected areas. Obtaining the concentrations necessary for therapeutic purposes also does not cause difficulties.

The wide range of xenon difluoride effects allows the use of the composition in the treatment of various diseases: purulent and surgical wounds, trophic ulcers, fungal diseases of the skin and nail plates, to remove and anesthetize necrotic tissues during burns of chemical, thermal and radiant energy, as well as frostbite. In addition, xenon difluoride solution is effective in the treatment of conjunctivitis, pyoderma, meningococcal infection, inflammatory periodontal and genital diseases. Xenon difluoride has an antiviral effect and can be used in pharmaceutical compositions containing it at a concentration of up to 0.5% for the prevention and treatment of type A, B and C flu, herpes, hepatitis, and also for the treatment of HIV infection.

Pharmaceutical compositions with xenon difluoride have a positive result in the detoxification of the body, especially in food and chemical poisoning.

In the treatment of alcohol abuse or dependence effective compositions containing xenon difluoride in a concentration of up to 0.05% in solution.

A distinctive feature of xenon difluoride is its high efficiency in the destruction of vegetative and spore-forming microorganisms: microbes, bacteria, viruses and fungi. You can use the drugs intramuscularly, intravenously, orally in the form of steam, and in various solutions.

The advantage of new drugs is their low concentration, which is 100-1000 times less than the concentration in comparison with many existing medical products. Equally important is the convenience of working with drugs: they are effective up to a temperature of -20 ° C (when using aqueous-organic solutions), the stability of drugs during storage and the efficiency of their work in a wide pH range.

The most important advantage of the proposed products is that their use does not produce toxic gases and toxic decomposition products.

Interest in the reaction of xenon fluorides with water is associated with the promise of using an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride as an oxidizing, disinfecting, and degassing system, as well as with the need to optimize the production of xenon oxides and oxyfluorides from xenon fluorides and with the possibility of preparative isolation of pure xenon difluoride from a mixture xenon fluorides.

The mechanism of action of superoxidants based on xenon compounds, resulting in the formation of highly active intermediate particles responsible for detoxification processes, is presented below:

1) XeF ₂ hydrolysis reaction mechanism

with a constant reaction rate k ₁ = (6.1 ± 0.6) · 10 ^-14 cm ³ / s;

2) XeF ₄ hydrolysis reaction mechanism

The mechanism includes 4 channels, the last two of which are indistinguishable due to the low bond breaking energy in the XeF molecule, Do (Xe-F) = 8.1 ± 0.4 kJ / mol.

The rate constants are determined by the reagent consumption and independently by the rate of product formation at T = 473 K

k _1a = (4.2 ± 0.5) · 10 ^-15 , k _1b = (3.5 ± 1.2) · 10 ^-15 , k _1в = (3.3 · 0.4) · 10 ^-15 cm ³ / s.

3) XeF ₆ hydrolysis reaction mechanism

It is important to note that the channel with the formation of xenon tetrafluoride does not exist, although its heat of reaction is positive:

Perhaps this is due to the prohibition of changing the valency of the xenon atom. The rate constant k ₃ = (3.5 ± 0.4) · 10 ^-15 cm ³ / s is determined. The general regularity of the above systems is the formation directly in the first stage of the corresponding oxyfluorides while maintaining the valency of the xenon atom (+2, +4 and +6). In the case of the XeF ₂ reaction, the formation of xenon oxide is impossible due to thermodynamic instability (a very reactive compound of the FO-Xe-OF type seems to be formed).

Based on the analysis of the set of end products, the reactions studied, it was concluded that fast secondary reactions proceed in the studied systems

whose speeds are comparable in magnitude.

Thus, the hydrolysis of xenon difluoride proceeds in water with the formation of highly reactive compounds, such as hypofluorides (a new class of compounds), hydrogen peroxide and radicals: peroxide and hydroxide, which have a high oxidizing, disinfecting, degassing and detoxification ability.

The result of the interaction of xenon difluoride, tetrafluoride and xenon hexafluoride with a water molecule leads to the formation of very reactive xenon hypofluoride particles with xenon oxidation states equal to +2, +4, +6: Xe (OF) ₂ , XeOF ₂ and XeOF _4, respectively.

Xenon difluoride has a very high electron affinity (1.7 eV; Legasov V.A. Chemistry of noble gases. Vestnik AN SSSR, 12, 1976, 3-16), which determines its properties as a strong oxidizing agent.

Under mild conditions, xenon difluoride is able to react with most organic, organoelement compounds and many inorganic substances. Thermodynamically, these reactions can proceed until complete oxidation, i.e. with the formation of water, carbon oxides and higher oxides of other elements. Xenon difluoride is known to oxidize many classes of organic and inorganic compounds to non-toxic compounds.

The reaction mechanism of xenon difluoride with the main groups of toxic impurities and substances in organic, aqueous and aqueous-organic solvents.

Reactions with C = C bonds

The first stage of the reaction is the formation of an intermediate complex with xenon difluoride (in organic solvents) and hypofluorites (in aqueous and aqueous-organic solvents), which can be observed at low temperatures:

1. Fluoridation - to fluorides

2. Oxidation - to epoxy compounds

3. At room temperature and above, the oxidation reaction in an aqueous solution proceeds to CO ₂ and H ₂ O.

In aqueous and non-aqueous solutions, hydrogen fluoride formed during the oxidation process forms heavy metal fluorides with heavy metal ions, which are practically insoluble in aqueous media, i.e., toxic unsaturated compounds and heavy metal ions are simultaneously purified.

Xenon difluoride reactions with aromatic hydrocarbons

The first act of the reaction is the formation of a labile complex of xenon difluoride with an aromatic nucleus (in organic media) or with hypofluorite (in aqueous and aqueous-organic media).

In the first case, a valuable benzene fluorination product, benzene monofluoride, is formed. In the second case, the products of the opening of the core or hydroxy derivatives of the starting aromatic compound are formed, which are further more easily oxidized to non-toxic compounds.

Especially vivid are the reactions of xenon difluoride oxidation of many aniline and anthraquinone derivatives, which intensely stain aqueous solutions. The intense destruction of colored aqueous solutions of xenon difluoride is indicated by their discoloration for several minutes.

Reactions of Xenon Difluoride with Organoelement Compounds

In organic solvents, high selectivity of xenon difluoride as a fluorinating agent for the synthesis of fluorides, which are difficult to obtain by traditional fluorination methods, has been shown. Synthesized new classes of fluorides of organic derivatives of nitrogen - N-phosphazofluorides, fluorides of organic derivatives of iodine and antimony, oxoammonium fluorides and tetrachalcogenetetracenes.

The fluorination of xenon difluoride proceeds with high selectivity for the most easily oxidized part of the organoelemental part of the molecule, which are hydrolyzed in aqueous solutions to non-toxic products.

Nitrogen derivatives

In aqueous solutions containing ammonia, ammonium salts, ammonia complexes of heavy metals, xenon difluoride forms intermediate complexes with the formation of unstable hydroxylamines and ammonium oxide, which are then oxidized to nitrogen and water.

Cyanides (very toxic compounds - poisons) are widely used in electroplating, in chemical technologies for cleaning and extracting gold from poor gold-bearing rocks. These technologies require wastewater treatment from toxic impurities. The destruction of cyanides by xenon difluoride in aqueous solutions proceeds to nitrogen and carboxylic acid, the oxidation reaction is accelerated by metals of variable valency.

Primary and secondary amines in aqueous solutions are oxidized by xenon difluoride to intermediate products: nitroxyl radicals, hydroxylamines, amine oxides; and with further oxidation to products of deep destruction.

Dyes containing a diazogroup (-N = N-), xenon difluoride in an aqueous medium, cleave the diazogroup at the first oxidation stage, which is evident from the discoloration of the solutions. Reactions of xenon difluoride with cyanides in aqueous solutions

Phenol, o-cresol, pyrocatechol and β-naphthol, toxic substances that are contained in natural and industrial waters and whose content is strictly regulated (so the maximum permissible concentration of phenol is 0.1 mg / l).

When sterilizing such water with chlorine or hypochlorides, partial phenolation of chlorines occurs with the formation of even more toxic chlorophenols and dioxin derivatives, in which the MPC is 10 ^-13 mg / l.

Xenon difluoride readily oxidizes phenol derivatives to form non-toxic products. In the first stage of the reaction, a complex is formed with an intermediate reactive compound for the hydrolysis of xenon difluoride Xe (OF) ₂ , which is converted into dioxiphenols (resorcinol, hydroquinone) and aromatic nucleus cleavage products. The phenoxyl radical is converted to quinone or dimerized. During the further oxidation of xenon difluoride, these compounds react with it at a faster rate than with the starting phenol to non-toxic products.

Among simple oxygen-containing compounds, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and carboxylic acids have a toxic effect, which have a toxic effect and give an unpleasant odor to water. The oxidation of xenon difluoride in water of these compounds proceeds to non-toxic products: mainly to carbon dioxide and water, unpleasant odors disappear, and the water acquires a spring-like taste.

Thus, the primary intermediate products of the interaction of xenon fluorides with water are xenon oxyfluorides in oxidation states +2, +4 and +6, oxidizing particles HOF, OF and F, which neutralize toxic products to neutral ones.

The disinfecting and sterilizing properties of xenon difluoride are associated with a high redox potential, with high penetration of the xenon difluoride molecule (due to the linearity of the initial F-Xe-F molecule, intermediate compounds F-O-Xe-O-F, H-O-F), which are capable of:

1) to destroy spore-forming microorganisms, penetrating through chitinous membranes,

2) detoxify potent toxic substances,

3) neutralize, without damaging the cells of a living organism, and remove the products of necrosis, which is associated with increased permeability of cell membranes, a change in the osmotic equilibrium and concentration of hydrogen ions. High washing properties of xenon difluoride (detoxification products are easily removed from deep tissues that have undergone necrosis, which is associated with the formation of complexes of the type Xe ⁺ ... HF ₂ , HF $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{-}}{\text{2}}$ Xe ²⁺ HF $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{-}}{\text{2}}$ and intermediates of the type FO-Xe-OF, HOF.

Thus, the idea of developing “group antidotes” has a serious scientific basis. The concept of general toxicity mechanisms suggests that exposure to an organism of the most diverse substances in chemical structure and properties causes a limited number of responses. The universality of protective compensatory mechanisms determines the universal nature of the toxic effect, in which the violation of fundamental biochemical processes is realized. The general biochemical mechanisms of toxicity are a combination of two interacting processes - molecular damage mechanisms and compensatory detoxification mechanisms aimed at maintaining homeostasis.

Damages common to various substances form the basis for the formation of nonspecific syndromes. In acute pathology, they coincide with typical pathological conditions - hypoxia, collapse, hepatopathies, toxic pulmonary edema, etc.

To create a prophylactic antidote that protects against the toxic effects of lipophilic organic compounds, drugs are used that modify the activity of microsomal monooxygenases, as well as enzymes that provide conjugation reactions and stimulate the synthesis of conjugation substrates.

Superoxidants are able not only to provide protection from typical poisons - prooxidants, but also to weaken the toxic effects of hypoxic substances, during the action of which lipid peroxidation processes are enhanced, due to the generation of superoxide radical and other reactive oxygen species due to disruption of the functioning of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. These drugs can be useful in intoxications, accompanied by increased activity of “producing peroxide enzymes” - monoamine oxidases, aldehyde dehydrogenases, xanthine oxidases and others, as well as under the action of substances that induce the induction of cytochrome P-450, which leads to an increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation .

Based on xenon compounds, drugs can be created that protect against chemicals that cause toxic pulmonary edema. Knowing the molecular mechanisms of damage to the capillary-alveolar membrane and deciphering the stages of the formation of vasoactive substances in the lungs - thromboxane A ₂ , prostaglandins - made it possible to inhibit the development of the pathological process by inhibiting phospholipase A ₂ and “turning off” the arachidonic mechanism.

Finally, xenon compounds are hepatoprotectors, i.e. drugs that protect the body from hepatotropic poisons, for example carbon tetrachloride, heliotrin, thioacetamide, etc.

Claims (12)

1. The method of producing xenon difluoride, which consists in the interaction of xenon and fluorine in a glow discharge of an alternating current in a reaction vessel of fluoroplast 4 at a temperature of minus 80 ° C to 0 ° C, a pressure of 10-40 mm Hg, current strength of 30-50 mA, molar ratio of xenon to fluorine 1: (0.7-1.2) and subsequent stabilization of the target product on the walls of the reaction vessel at a temperature of minus 70 ° C to minus 80 ° C, while the ratio of the diameter of the vessel to the interelectrode distance is 1: 2 and the voltage between the electrodes is 2.5 kV. 2. A method of purification of xenon difluoride from impurities, which consists in preliminarily carrying out chemical contacting of xenon difluoride either with vapors of distilled water at room temperature, or with hydrogen fluoride with water additives at a temperature from 0 ° C to minus 20 ° C, or ice water in a fluoroplastic trap, subsequent heating to room temperature, distillation and separation of the target product from hydrofluoric acid. 3. A means for disinfection, sterilization, aseptic, detoxification based on xenon compounds, characterized in that for especially dangerous infections it is an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in concentrations up to 1.5% or with the addition of an aqueous solution of xenon trioxide in concentrations up to 1.5 % or with the addition of hydrogen peroxide in concentrations up to 0.3%. 4. A means for disinfecting, sterilizing dental and microsurgical instruments based on xenon compounds, characterized in that for especially dangerous infections it is an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in a concentration of not more than 0.3% or with the addition of a solution of xenon trioxide not more than 0.05% or with the addition of a hydrogen peroxide solution of not more than 0.05%. 5. A means for disinfection, sterilization of technological equipment of pharmacological firms based on xenon compounds, characterized in that it is an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in a concentration of not more than 0.5% or with the addition of a solution of xenon trioxide in a concentration of not more than 0.05% or s additives of a solution of hydrogen peroxide in a concentration of not more than 0.05%. 6. A means for disinfection and sterilization, characterized in that for contact lenses it is an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride in a concentration of not more than 0.05% or with the addition of an aqueous solution of xenon trioxide in a concentration of not more than 0.05% or with the addition of hydrogen peroxide in concentration of not more than 0.05%. 7. A pharmaceutical composition having antibacterial, antimicrobial, fungicidal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and wound healing effects, characterized in that it contains xenon difluoride in aqueous or physiological solution, in vapors or in oil at a concentration of up to 0.5% and an excipient. 8. The composition according to claim 7, characterized in that for the treatment of purulent wounds, trophic ulcers, for the treatment of surgical wounds, for the treatment of fungal diseases of the skin and nail plates, for the removal and anesthesia of necrotic tissues during strokes, chemical, thermal burns, radiant energy as well as frostbite, for the treatment of conjunctivitis, for the treatment of pyoderma, for the treatment of meningococcal infection, for the treatment of genital diseases, for the prevention and treatment of influenza type A, B and C, for the treatment of viral skin diseases, for the treatment of H infections, for the prevention and treatment of herpes, for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis, detoxification of the body, in the treatment of food poisoning and dysentery, for the purification of blood from pathogenic microorganisms and viruses, for the treatment of cirrhosis of the liver, for plasma regeneration, for the treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning, for the treatment of alcohol abuse or dependence, for the treatment of tuberculosis, for the treatment of bronchial asthma, it is made in the form of a composition for inhalation dosage forms or a solution for irrigation of the affected areas, or roralnyh dosage forms or in the form of intravenous dosage forms. 9. A dietary supplement based on xenon difluoride, characterized in that for food storage and water purification it contains an aqueous solution of xenon difluoride or xenon difluoride in the vapor-gas phase or gas phase in a concentration of up to 1.5%. 10. The additive according to claim 9, characterized in that for perfumery and cosmetic products it is an aqueous or physiological solution or a solution of xenon difluoride in glycol in concentrations up to 0.07%. 11. The additive according to claim 9, characterized in that for the preservation of the grafts it is an aqueous or physiological solution of xenon difluoride in concentrations up to 0.05%. 12. Means for complete disinfection, sterilization and detoxification of especially dangerous microorganisms, potent poisons, including dioxin derivatives, based on xenon compounds, characterized in that it contains an aqueous solution or non-aqueous solution of xenon difluoride at a ratio of xenon difluoride: toxicant up to 10: 1.