RU2232606C2 - Method and device for applying psychological training, method for training creative symbol thinking and method for training psychoemotional state regulation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine; medical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: method involves training creative symbol thinking and psychoemotional state regulation skills at the first stage. The creative symbol thinking is activated during the training. Bioelectric activity is recorded and the right and the left cerebral hemisphere activity levels are compared. Comparison results are shown to patient as biofeedback signal for the patient to response to and to correct sensualization and symbol saturation of creative symbol thinking. Psychoemotional state to be supported in required condition is controlled on the basis of cardiorhythmogram and electric skin activity data. The second stage involves training the patient in overcoming obstacles on the way to achieving a goal. The patient finds optimum solution in test situations by applying creative symbol thinking and psychoemotional state regulation skills. The third stage involves applying the creative symbol thinking and psychoemotional state regulation skills to train obstacles overcoming on the way to achieving a goal in current situations encountered to the patient. When applying creative symbol thinking skills, the patient is undergone to cerebral biopotential measurements taken from the in symmetric leads, spectral components power is calculated in the right and in the left cerebral hemisphere. The power values are compared and the results are shown to patient as visual and/or audio biofeedback signal manifesting creative symbol thinking changes. The patient changes sensualization and symbol saturation of creative symbol thinking in response to it.. When training psychoemotional state regulation skills, cardiorhythmogram and electric skin activity parameters are measured as visual and/or audio biofeedback signals manifesting changes in psychoemotional state and shown to the patient. The patient activates warmth and/or heaviness feeling in creative symbol thinking mode in response to the signals. Sympathetic part of the nervous system manifestations being found predominant in checking cardiorhythmogram data, the patient activates coolness and/or motion and fly. Parasympathetic part of the nervous system manifestations being found predominant, the patient reduces psychoemotional stress intensity by applying autosuggestion in the cases the biofeedback signal points out to surpassed physical component of the galvanic skin response above the background one 1.5 times and more as high. The device has unit for taking electrophysiological signals having digital data output and control unit and in series connected unit for showing biofeedback signals and in series connected data preprocessing subunit and fast Fourier transformation subunit and subunit for calculating spectral components in beta-, alpha-, theta- and delta-rhythm frequency bandwidth in the right and the left cerebral hemisphere followed by their comparison, the subunit output being connected to the unit for showing biofeedback signals. The unit for taking electrophysiological signals having digital data output has as minimum two channels for measuring bioelectric activity in symmetric areas of the right and the left cerebral hemispheres and analog-to-digital transformation subunit connected with its input to channels for measuring biological cerebral activity and with its output to inputs of data preprocessing subunit. The other output of the control unit is connected to the second input of the fast Fourier transformation subunit.

EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of psychological training; developed patient intellect; activated creative abilities.

13 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely to psychological psychotherapy, and can be used to increase professional stability in solving new problems, to develop creative abilities, to correct the psycho-emotional state and the formation of holotropic consciousness.

A known method of correcting the psychological state of a person through the detection, awareness and verbalization of a human problem (see, for example, O. Ksendziuk, Personality Transformation: Neurolinguistic Programming. Analysis and Comments. Odessa, Hadzhibey, 1995, p. 11).

The disadvantages of neurolinguistic programming are the need for prolonged communication between the psychotherapist and the client, the dependence of the psychological state of the client on the personal qualities of the therapist, narrow focus and selective effectiveness.

From the description of the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2122442, IPC 6 A 61 M 21/00, publ. 1998, there is a known method for the directed correction of a person’s psychoemotional state, including psychodiagnostic tests, selection of musical and visual compositions that are different in emotional coloring and presentation to the client in accordance with the required emotional state, characterized in that for the formation of an integrated state that allows mobilizing resource states in response to stimuli that previously caused an undesirable state or conditions that impede the achievement of the desired state expression, as well as improving the impact on the psycho-emotional state of a person by individually selecting visual and auditory correlators of psycho-emotional states, leading submodalities and non-verbal signs of an undesirable state, a trance state, 3 ... 5 resource states, a desired state and a state that impedes the achievement of the desired states, associate each state with color using a color relationship test, select audio correlates containing tempo and the measurements, coordinated by the paldonic sign and tonality, and the visual correlates associated with the selected colors, repeatedly present each correlate until the client shows non-verbal signs corresponding to the correlate state, change the parameters of the audio and visual correlates until the maximum changes in the leading submodality and a clear manifestation of non-verbal signs identified conditions, then form an audiovisual composition (AVK) lasting 30 ... 45 minutes by combining groupings of 2 or more audio and 1 visual correlates intended for simultaneous presentation, while the visual and audio correlates of each state are included in one of the groups at least 1 time, the groups are alternated in an arbitrary sequence and combined without pauses, presented to the AVK client, determine the leading submodality and non-verbal signs of the integrated state, change the audio correlates of the AVK to a clear manifestation of the integrated state, and present the received AVK to the client every day for 2 ... 3 hours before bedtime, until the correction of an undesirable state.

The disadvantage of this method is its narrow focus and the relatively low efficiency of teaching self-regulation and self-organization skills due to the lack of an objective assessment of the degree of immersion of the client in an altered state.

In the published application for the grant of a patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 95113607/14, IPC 6 A 61 M 21/00, publ. 1997, bull. No. 23 describes a way to restore peace of mind, including recalling a disturbing incident, relieving emotional stress in it, followed by a similar recollection and rarefaction of the totality of disturbing incidents. After recollecting the incident to relieve emotional stress in it, the client is offered to mentally figuratively associate this incident with a volume spot. After the client has presented the stain, he sets it in motion, during which the stain brightens. Then the client mentally associates the clarified spot with the plot image of the same incident, and when the emotional tension decreases, the procedure is stopped at the moment of its perception. To monitor the state of emotional stress of the client, indicators of a skin-galvanic reaction are measured. Throughout the procedure, the client reports the color of the spot.

The disadvantage of this method is its narrow focus, since it does not provide the development of creative abilities for the client.

Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2133360, IPC 6 A 61 M 21/00, publ. 1998 described a method of psychocorrection, which allows for the harmonization of personality and interpersonal relationships and in accordance with which they receive an image of a person, reveal his personality characteristics to be changed, change facial features and / or other attributes in the image and bring it into line with a given direction , repeatedly affect the image and the person around him, which causes a change in the attitude of people around him and adjusts his personal characteristics in a predetermined direction.

The disadvantage of this method is its narrow selectivity, since not in every case it is possible to achieve the support of people around a person who are favorable to the ongoing psychocorrection.

Closest to the technical result of the claimed method of psychological training is a method of healing a person by correcting the psychological state, protected by the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2096046, IPC 6 A 61 M 21/00, publ. 1997. According to this method, psychological state correction is carried out in three stages, at each of which methods of introducing the client into a state of altered consciousness are used, at the first stage negative events and images in the life of the client are revealed and with the help of an autoheter-suggestive effect, they achieve a clear reduction for the client emotional and detailed coloring of their reproduction in memory, then at the second stage under the control of the operator by repeated auto-training of the client with the analysis of sensory sensations with the fact confirmed the correctness of the proposed information, at the same time they inspire the client that he has developed the ability of intuitive foresight, which is the key to choosing the right solution in any situation, at the third stage, the client is offered a number of specific situations with the help of the acquired skill to independently choose a behavior model, while the prerequisite of achievement success, trace its actual achievement and with a positive result, the course of treatment ends.

Compared to the previously described, this method orientes the client’s consciousness to success in any life situation, however, its effectiveness is not high enough due to the lack of an objective assessment of the degree of immersion of the client in a changed consciousness with figurative and symbolic thinking. In addition, the described method is not very effective in activating a person’s creative abilities, in the development of his intellect.

The problem solved by the inventions is to increase the effectiveness of psychological training in enhancing creative abilities and developing client intelligence by objectifying control over changes in the program of figurative and symbolic thinking and psychoemotional state.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in the method of psychological training, which includes three stages of psychotherapeutic intervention using autosuggestion, at the first stage the client is trained in the skills of figurative and symbolic thinking and self-regulation of the psychoemotional state, while activating figurative and symbolic thinking, registering the bioelectric activity of the brain, compare the activity of the left and right hemispheres of the brain, the results of the comparison are presented to the client as a biological signal feedback, responding to which the client adjusts the sensualization and symbolic richness of figurative and symbolic thinking, controls the maintenance of the necessary psychoemotional state according to the parameters of the cardiac rhythmogram and / or the parameters of the electrical activity of the skin; at the second stage, on the example of test situations, they teach the client how to overcome obstacles to achieving the goal, while using the skills of figurative and symbolic thinking and self-regulation of the psycho-emotional state, the client finds the optimal solution in test situations; at the third stage, the skills of figurative and symbolic thinking and self-regulation of the psycho-emotional state are used to overcome obstacles to finding the optimal solution in current situations for the client. Each stage of psychological training contains at least 3 sessions, and psychological training sessions are carried out at intervals of one to five sessions per week with a session duration of 15 to 40 minutes. At the first and second stages, before each session of psychological training, the psychologist-trainer discusses with the client the program of the session, situations for figurative and symbolic thinking and the purpose of the session of psychological training.

A method of teaching the skills of figurative and symbolic thinking used in the implementation of the proposed method of psychological training is an independent object of the invention.

A known method of psychocorrection, including the impact on the psyche of a person and a change in his emotional characteristics, in accordance with which the personality characteristics of a person are determined to be changed, the direction of their changes is determined and personality characteristics are adjusted in a given direction by exposure to the visual analyzer of surrounding people and a person by repeatedly presenting an image a person with altered facial features corresponding to altered personality characteristics (see Rossi’s patent Federation of the Russian Federation No. 2133360, IPC 6 A 61 M 21/00).

The disadvantage of this method of psychocorrection is that there is no objectification of control over a change in consciousness, the effectiveness of training and the development of skills of self-organization of consciousness is reduced. In addition, this method of psychocorrection is not applicable when using the proposed method of psychological training for the development of creative abilities of a person.

The problem solved by the invention is to increase the effectiveness of teaching and developing the skills of figurative and symbolic thinking during psychological training in order to activate creative abilities.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in the method of teaching the skills of figurative and symbolic thinking, including the activation of figurative and symbolic thinking at the client using autosuggestion and / or instrumental verbal impact, when figurative and symbolic thinking, the client measures brain biopotentials in symmetrical leads, for example, Fp1 and Fp2, and / or C3 and C4, and / or 01 and 02, calculate the power of the spectral components of the biopotentials of the brain in the left and right hemispheres, compare the power of the spectral components of the biopotentials left brain hemisphere with the powers of the spectral components of the right hemisphere biopotentials in the frequency ranges of beta, alpha, theta and delta rhythms and the comparison results in the form of visual and / or audio biological feedback signal about a change in figurative and symbolic thinking are presented to the client, and the client in response to these signals, it changes the sensualization and symbolic richness of figurative and symbolic thinking. If the presented biofeedback signal about a change in figurative and symbolic thinking indicates an excess of brain activity in the left hemisphere of the brain, the client activates the sensation of figurative and symbolic thinking, if the submitted biofeedback signal indicates an excess of brain activity in the left hemisphere, the client activates the symbolic saturation figurative and symbolic thinking.

An independent object of the invention is also a method of teaching self-regulation of the psycho-emotional state, used in the implementation of the proposed method of psychological training.

The application for the grant of a patent of the Russian Federation No. 95113607, IPC 6 A 61 M 21/00, published in the Bulletin of Inventions No. 23 for 1997, describes a method of restoring peace of mind, including recalling a disturbing incident by a client, mentally figuratively associating an alarming incident with a stain and clarification of the reproduced spot with a control of the reduction of psychoemotional stress according to the indicators of the skin-galvanic reaction.

The described method of restoring mental balance (a method of self-regulation of the psycho-emotional state) is adopted as a prototype.

Common features of the prototype method with the claimed method of teaching self-regulation of the psycho-emotional state are:

- activation of figurative and symbolic thinking with the help of autosuggestion and / or instrumental verbal exposure;

- control of the psycho-emotional state of the client by changing the parameters of the electrical activity of the skin.

The disadvantage of the prototype method is the lack of the possibility of harmonizing the psycho-emotional state with the state of consciousness in figurative and symbolic thinking.

The problem solved by the inventions is the provision of the possibility of harmonization of the psycho-emotional state with figurative and symbolic thinking.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in the method of teaching self-regulation of the psychoemotional state, including the activation of figurative and symbolic thinking using autosuggestion and / or instrumental verbal exposure and monitoring the psychoemotional state according to the parameters of the skin’s electrical activity, heart rhythmogram parameters and changes in the parameters of the skin’s electrical activity are additionally measured and heart rhythmogram parameters in the form of visual and / or audio biological feedback signals a change in the psychoemotional state is presented to the client, and the client, in response to these signals, activates sensations of warmth and / or severity in figurative-symbolic thinking, if signs of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system prevail when controlling the parameters of the cardiac rhythmogram, and activates sensations of coolness and / or flight movement if signs of the parasympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system predominate, and with the help of autosuggestion it reduces the level of psychoemotional stress if the signal of biological feedback Changes of mental and emotional states points to phasic component exceeds galvanic skin response above background of more than 1.5 times.

A device for psychological training, using which the inventive method of psychological training is implemented, is an independent object of the invention.

From the description of the USSR copyright certificate No. 1124922, IPC 4 A 61 B 5/04, publ. 1983, a device is known for correcting a person’s state by a complex individual presentation of parameters, containing several channels for collecting electrophysiological signals, each of which contains a series-connected sensor, amplifier, zero-organ, filter, analog-to-digital converter and selector unit, and a biological unit feedback, including serially connected threshold devices connected to the selector nodes, a switch, a decoder, electronic keys and an indicator. Using this device during psychological training, one can learn to control physiological parameters, such as, for example, heart rate, inspiration and expiration times, and electro-skin resistance. However, this device is not effective enough during psychological training in order to develop creative abilities. The device according to copyright certificate No. 1124922 adopted as a prototype. Common signs of the prototype and the claimed device are the presence of a unit for picking up electrophysiological signals, a control unit and a unit for presenting biological feedback signals.

The problem solved by the invention is to increase the effectiveness of psychological training in order to develop creative abilities.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the device for psychological training, which includes an electrophysiological signal pickup unit with digital data output and a control unit and a biofeedback signal presentation unit connected in series, are connected to a pre-processing data subunit, a fast Fourier transform subunit, and a value calculation subunit powers of spectral components in the frequency ranges of beta, alpha, theta and delta rhythms for left and right the cerebral hemisphere with their subsequent comparison, the output of which is connected to the second input of the biofeedback signal presentation unit, while the electrophysiological signal acquisition unit with digital output contains at least two channels for collecting bioelectrical activity of the brain from the symmetrical areas of the left and right hemispheres and a subunit analog-to-digital conversion, connected to the input channels of the bioelectrical activity of the brain by an input, and output - with the input of a sub-unit for data preprocessing, and another W The second output of the control unit is connected to the second input of the fast Fourier transform subunit. The device further comprises connected to a pre-processing data sub-block, a subsequently connected sub-block of calculation of the hodograph of the envelope of the cardiorhythmogram and a subunit of highlighting significant parameters of the cardiorhythmogram, the output of which is connected to the input bus of the biofeedback signal presentation unit, and the electrophysiological signal pickup unit with digital data output further comprises a heart rate sensor abbreviations connected to the input of the subunit analog-to-digital conversion. The device further comprises a subunit for highlighting significant parameters of the electrical activity of the skin, the input of which is connected to the output of the preliminary data processing unit, and the output is to the input bus of the biofeedback signal presentation unit, while the electrophysiological signal pickup unit with digital data output further comprises a skin electrical activity sensor connected to the input of the analog-to-digital conversion subunit. Each of the channels for collecting bioelectrical activity signals of the brain contains a non-polarizable electrode connected in series to a non-inverting input of a differential amplifier, a differential amplifier, a high-pass filter, a broadband amplifier and a low-pass filter, the output of which is connected to the corresponding input of the analog-to-digital conversion subunit, while k The second channel for collecting the bioelectrical activity signal of the brain additionally contains another non-polarizable electrode connected to the inverting inputs of all differential amplifiers, and the operational amplifier, the non-inverting input of which is connected to the output of the k-th differential amplifier, the inverting input is connected to the ground bus, and the output to the neutral electrode. The analog-to-digital conversion subunit contains an analog switch with inputs for connecting the channels for collecting signals of the bioelectrical activity of the brain and sensors for heart rate and electrical activity of the brain, and an analog-to-digital converter, a microcontroller, and a digital data output unit connected to its output. The biofeedback signal presentation unit comprises a subunit for visualizing the biofeedback signals and a subunit for the audio presentation of the biofeedback signals. An electrophysiological signal pickup unit with digital data output is connected to a sub-unit for data preprocessing via a telemetry channel.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a device for psychological training; figure 2 is a block diagram of a block of removal of electrophysiological signals with digital data output; figure 3 is a block diagram of a unit for presenting biological feedback signals; figure 4 is a functional diagram of a block of removal of electrophysiological signals with digital data output; figure 5 is a block diagram of the algorithm for generating signals of signs of a change in figurative and symbolic thinking.

In figure 1 ... 5 in numbers and letters denote:

1 - block pick-up of electrophysiological signals with digital data output;

2 - block presentation of biological feedback signals;

3 - control unit;

4 - a subunit of primary data processing;

5 - subunit of fast Fourier transform;

6 - a subunit for calculating the powers of spectral components in the frequency ranges of beta, alpha, theta and delta rhythms for the left and right hemispheres of the brain with their subsequent comparison;

7 - a subunit for calculating the hodograph of the envelope of the cardiorhythmogram;

8 - subunit highlighting significant parameters of the cardiac rhythmogram;

9 - subunit highlighting significant parameters of the electrical activity of the skin;

10 ₁ ... 10 _k - channels for collecting signals of the bioelectric activity of the brain;

11 - heart rate sensor;

12 - sensor of electrical activity of the skin;

13 - subunit analog-to-digital conversion;

14 - subunit visualization of biological feedback signals;

15 - subunit of the audio presentation of biological feedback signals;

16 ₁ ... 16 _k - non-polarizable electrodes for the removal of brain biopotentials;

17 ₁ ... 17 _k - differential amplifiers;

18 ₁ ... 18 _k - high-pass filters;

19 ₁ ... 19 _k - broadband amplifiers;

20 ₁ ... 20 _k - low-pass filters;

21 - neutral electrode;

22 - operational amplifier;

23 - zero electrode;

24 - analog switch;

25 - analog-to-digital Converter;

26 - microcontroller;

27 - node issuing digital data;

k is the channel number of the collection of signals of biological activity of the brain;

W is the time window number;

j is the index of the time interval;

i is the index of the frequency interval.

The claimed method of psychological training is carried out in three stages.

At the first stage, the client is taught the skills of figurative and symbolic thinking and self-regulation of the psychoemotional state, the technique of figurative and symbolic thinking and maintaining the necessary state of consciousness and psychoemotional state. The change in the figurative and symbolic thinking of the client is controlled by comparing the bioelectric activity of the left and right hemispheres of the brain. The comparison results are presented to the client as biological feedback signals, responding to which the client adjusts the sensualization and symbolic saturation of figurative and symbolic thinking, thereby achieving a state of consciousness in which the bioelectric activity in the left and right hemispheres of the brain in the beta, alpha ranges -, theta and delta rhythms change synchronously. Monitoring the psychoemotional state is carried out according to the parameters of the cardiac rhythmogram and / or the parameters of the electrical activity of the skin. According to the measurement results, signs of a stressed psychoemotional state or excessive relaxation are identified and presented to the client as biological feedback signals, in response to which, the client adjusts his psychoemotional state in the direction of harmonization with the state of consciousness changed in figurative and symbolic thinking. After the client, using the methods of autosuggestion and / or following verbal instructions, learns to control figurative and symbolic thinking (changing the state of his consciousness) and his psycho-emotional state (learning to self-regulate the psycho-emotional state) while maintaining an adequate change in bioelectric activity in the left and right hemispheres of the head brain, the second stage of psychological training begins, during which the client is taught to overcome the case of test situations of figurative and symbolic thinking obs tacle to achieving their goals. In figurative and symbolic thinking, the client, using the skills acquired at the first stage and self-regulation of the psycho-emotional state with the control of the bioelectric activity of the brain, finds solutions in test situations. At the third stage, psychological training aims at reinforcing the client's skills in figurative and symbolic thinking and self-regulation of the psychoemotional state, when figurative and symbolic thinking is associated with overcoming obstacles to achieving goals in current situations for the client, as well as solving intellectual creative tasks. And at the third stage, control over the state of consciousness in figurative and symbolic thinking is carried out according to the bioelectric activity of the left and right hemispheres of the brain, and control over the psychoemotional state according to the parameters of the cardiac rhythmogram and electrical activity of the skin.

Presentation of biological feedback signals to the client about a change in the state of consciousness and psychoemotional state is carried out by a psychologist-trainer or using a device for psychological training.

Each stage of psychological training includes at least 3 sessions lasting 15 ... 40 minutes. Sessions of psychological training are carried out with a frequency of 1 ... 5 sessions per week. Before each session of psychological training in the first and second stages, the psychologist-trainer discusses the program of the session with the client, discusses with him the current mental-image-situation for figurative and symbolic thinking and the purpose of the psychological training session. A session of psychological training can be accompanied by meditation music (sounds of the forest or the sea) and the smells of natural essential oils.

A method of teaching the skills of figurative and symbolic thinking and a method of teaching self-regulation of the psychoemotional state are implemented in the process of each session of psychological training.

The client is seated in a comfortable chair or laid face up on a couch and sensors for measuring heart rate and electrical activity of the skin and electrodes are connected to it to collect signals of biological activity of the brain in the left and right hemispheres. The connection points of the electrodes for the removal of brain biopotentials are Fp1 and Fp2, and / or C3 and C4, and / or O1 and O2, the neutral electrode is the earlobe, and the zero is Oz. After the client feels comfortable, the measuring equipment is turned on - a device for psychological training, and the background values of electrophysiological signals are taken within 2 ... 3 minutes. Further, two modes of conducting a session of psychological training are possible, differing only in the role of a psychologist-trainer. In the first case, the client with his eyes closed, using autosuggestion techniques or under the influence of verbal instructions of a psychologist-trainer, mentally reproduces the given situation for figurative and symbolic thinking and modifies it in accordance with the program agreed upon before the session. In the device for psychological training during the entire session, the biopotentials are measured in symmetrical leads from the left and right hemispheres of the brain, the power values of the spectral components of the biopotentials in the frequency ranges of beta, alpha, theta and delta rhythms are calculated and the values of these powers for the left and the right hemispheres of the brain. The comparison results are analyzed by a psychologist-trainer and presented in the form of verbal instructions to the client as biological feedback signals about a change in figurative and symbolic thinking. The client, responding to biofeedback signals, makes adjustments to the emotional and meaningful saturation of the mental image (changes the sensualization and symbolic saturation of figurative and symbolic thinking), reflected in the activation or suppression of electromagnetic waves of the brain, and achieves an adequate change in the bioelectrical activity of the left and right hemispheres and the generation of brain activity waves in the frequency ranges of beta, alpha, theta and delta rhythms. If the power values of the spectral components in the left hemisphere exceed the values in the right, then the client activates (increases) brain activity in the right hemisphere of the brain, enhancing the sensualization of figurative and symbolic thinking, i.e. increasing sensory sensitivity of the mental image. If the values of the power of the spectral components in the left hemisphere are less than in the right, then the client enhances the symbolic saturation (detail) of the mental image, increasing brain activity in the left hemisphere. Also, during the entire session of psychological training, the parameters of the electrical activity of the skin and the parameters of the heart rhythmogram are measured, the changes of which are analyzed by the psychologist-trainer and the results of the analysis in the form of verbal instructions are presented to the client as biological feedback signals about a change in the psychoemotional state. Responding to these signals, the client, using the methods of autosuggestion, changes his psycho-emotional state, harmonizing it with the state of consciousness. If the signs of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) prevail in the cardiac rhythmogram, then the client activates the sensations of warmth and / or heaviness, if the signs of the parasympathetic part of the ANS predominate - the client activates the sensations of coolness and / or movement, flight. If the phase component of the skin-galvanic reaction exceeds the background by more than 1.5 times, the client reduces psycho-emotional tension. In another mode of psychological training, the client is left to his own devices. With his eyes closed, the client mentally reproduces the test situation for figurative and symbolic thinking and modifies it in accordance with the agreed program. In the device for conducting psychological training, the values of electrophysiological signals are measured, signs of a change in figurative and symbolic thinking and the psychological state of the client are determined, and biological feedback signals are generated that reflect these changes, which are presented to the client in the form of verbal instructions. If the client is able to carry out figurative and symbolic thinking with open eyes, then biological feedback signals are presented in the form of visual images. The client responds to the biological feedback signals presented to him by making changes to the program of figurative and symbolic thinking.

In comparison with the known methods of psychocorrection, the claimed method of psychological training, due to the fact that the client masters the skills of figurative and symbolic thinking and self-regulation of the psychoemotional state with activation of brain activity in both hemispheres of the brain with figurative and symbolic thinking, learns to control both the state of consciousness and psychoemotional state, allows you to go much further than simple help in ridding the client of basic complaints and teach the client to regulate his physiology, optim ized mental and physical performance, the best way to show spirituality. Having passed the course of the declared psychological training due to the ability to activate the generation of theta and delta waves adequately in both hemispheres of the brain with “alert relaxation” of the psychoemotional state, they acquire the ability to quickly make decisions in difficult situations, activate cognitive processes, control their behavior and emotions, creatively perceive problems and solve them.

The device for psychological training (Fig. 1) comprises a unit 1 for collecting electrophysiological signals with digital data output and a series-connected unit 2 for presenting the biological feedback signals and a control unit 3, series-connected subunit 4 for preliminary data processing, subunit 5 for fast Fourier transform and subunit 6 calculating the powers of the spectral components in the frequency ranges of beta, alpha, theta and delta rhythms for the left and right hemispheres of the brain, followed by their average an output whose output is connected to the second input of the biofeedback signal presentation unit 2, while the electrophysiological signal acquisition unit 1 with a digital output contains at least two channels 10 for collecting the bioelectrical activity of the brain from symmetrical regions of the left and right hemispheres and a subunit 13 of analog digital conversion (figure 2), the input connected to the channels 10 of the bioelectrical activity of the brain, and the output with the input of the subunit 4 data preprocessing, and the other second output of the control unit 3 by The key to the second input subblock 5 a fast Fourier transform. The device for psychological training may additionally contain pre-processing data connected to subunit 4, sequentially connected subunit 7 for calculating the hodograph of the envelope of the cardiac rhythmogram and subunit 8 for highlighting significant parameters of the cardiorhythmogram, the output of which is connected to the input bus of the biofeedback signal presentation unit 2, and the electrophysiological acquisition unit 1 signals with digital data output further comprises a heart rate sensor 11 connected to the input ubbloka 13 analog-to-digital conversion. Also, the device for psychological training may additionally contain a subunit 9 for highlighting significant parameters of the electrical activity of the skin, the input of which is connected to the output of the subunit 4 of the preliminary data processing, and the output is to the input bus of the biofeedback signal presentation unit 2, while the electrophysiological signal acquisition unit 1 digital data output further comprises a sensor 12 of electrical activity of the skin connected to the input of the subunit 13 analog-to-digital conversion. Each of the channels 10 for collecting signals of bioelectrical activity of the brain (Fig. 4) contains a non-polarizable electrode 16 connected in series to a non-inverting input of a differential amplifier 17, a differential amplifier 17, a high-pass filter 18, a broadband amplifier 19 and a low-pass filter 20, the output of which is connected to the corresponding input of the sub-block 13 of the analog-to-digital conversion, while the k-th channel 10k of picking up the signal of the bioelectrical activity of the brain additionally contains another non-polarizable an electrode 21 connected to the inverting inputs of all the differential amplifiers 17, and an operational amplifier 22, the non-inverting input of which is connected to the output of the k-th differential amplifier 17k, the inverting input is connected to the ground bus, and the output to the neutral electrode 23. A / D subunit 13 the conversion contains an analog switch 24 with inputs for connecting channels 10 for collecting signals of the bioelectric activity of the brain and the sensor 11 of the heart rate and the sensor 12 of the electrical activity of the brain and connected to its output are connected in series with an analog-to-digital converter 25, a microcontroller 26 and a digital data output unit 27. The biofeedback signal presentation unit 2 (FIG. 3) comprises a subunit 14 for visualizing the biofeedback signals and a subunit 15 for the audio presentation of the biofeedback signals. The electrophysiological signal pickup unit 1 with digital data output can be connected to the data preprocessing subunit 4 via a telemetry channel. The set of subunits 4 ... 9 can be made in the form of a computer system unit (processor), block 2 - in the form of a computer display.

A device for psychological training (figure 1) works as follows.

The electrodes 16 ₁ ... 16 _{k are} fixed on the client’s head at the leads of the standard system 10-20 Fp1, Fp2, and / or C3, C4, and / or O1, O2. The electrode 22 is attached to the earlobe, and the electrode 24 is at the OZ point of the standard lead. The sensor 11 is mounted on the wrist if an acoustic sensor is used, or on the finger if a photoelectroplethysmographic sensor is used. The sensor 12 is mounted on the palm or on the tip of the index or middle finger. The biopotentials of the electrical activity of the brain, as the potential difference between one of the electrodes 16 ₁ ... 16 _k (Fig. 5) and the neutral electrode 21, after the corresponding differential amplifier 17 ₁ ... 17 _{k is} freed from the constant component using a high-pass filter 18 ₁ ... 18 _k with a cut-off frequency below 0.5 Hz, amplified by a broadband amplifier 19 ₁ ... 19 _k , limited in frequency by a low-pass filter 20 ₁ ... 20 _k with a cut-off frequency of 40 ... 45 Hz and is supplied to the corresponding input of the analog switch 24. To bind the measured potentials to equal to the zero (case) bus and reduce interference, the zero electrode 23 is connected to the output of the operational amplifier 22, the non-inverting input of which is connected to the output of the differential amplifier 17k, and the inverting one with the zero (case) bus of the device. The output signals of the sensors 11 and 12 are also fed to the corresponding inputs of the analog switch 24, the output of which, by commands from the analog-to-digital converter 25, is sequentially connected to each of its inputs. As a result, the analog signals from the outputs of pickup channels 10 ₁ ... 10k and sensors 11 and 12 are sequentially converted to digital form and through a microcontroller 26, which synchronizes data collection, and a digital data output unit 27, equipped with markers, are supplied with a clock frequency set by the microcontroller in subunit 4.

An array of data samples accumulated during the session in subunit 4 is processed for each of the channels 10 ₁ ... 10k and sensors 11 and 12. Data from channels 10 ₁ ... 10k are subjected to frequency analysis. In subunit 5, a fast Fourier transform is performed in a moving time window, the value of which is set as the number of samples from block 3, and in subunit 6, the powers of the spectral components for each channel in the current moving time window and in the frequency range 1.5 ... 40 are calculated Hz, they are stored during the session and synchronized comparison of power levels of spectral components in symmetrical leads.

An array of data accumulated in the subunit 4 from the sensor 11 is processed in the subunit 7, in which during the session the parameters of the hodograph of the cardiorhythmogram are calculated. In subunit 8, the current parameters of the cardiac rhythmogram are compared with the background ones, the results of the comparison are remembered during the session. An array of data accumulated in subunit 4 from sensor 12 is processed in subunit 9, in which the current average value of the electrical skin resistance value is compared with the background value and cases where the phase component of the current value exceeds the background value by more than 1.5 times are highlighted. The outputs of subunits 6, 8, 9 are connected to the output bus of block 2, through which biological feedback signals about a change in figurative and symbolic thinking and psychoemotional state are transmitted to block 2.

The presentation mode of the biological feedback signals in the form of a visual image or an audio presentation is set from the control unit 4. If the set of subunits 4 ... 9 is made in the form of a computer system unit (processor), then the computer operation algorithm can be implemented according to that shown in Fig. 5 . The same algorithm explains the operation of subunits 4 ... 9. The basis of the algorithm for generating the estimate of P is a cycle in the variable K with dimensions from 1 to Nk. In this case, a 3-dimensional array of samples Qk, w, 1 ... N is formed, which is translated into the frequency plane Fk, w, N / 2 (amplitude spectrum) for each window W. From the generated array Fk, w, N / 2 choose a two-dimensional slice Uk (fi, fj) corresponding to the center of the window W. The array of slices is obtained two-dimensional with coordinates i and j, where i is the harmonic number of the spectrum, j is the number of the time window W.

In the generated two-dimensional array of slices Uk (fi, fj), values smaller than threshold a are cut off (this is done in a double cycle in i {1 ... N / 2} and j {1 ... N / 2}. After trimming the values of slices, the two-dimensional integral Zk is calculated, which is the energy estimate on the time – frequency plane. From all points K, the final estimate P is formed by summing the integrals Zk with weight coefficients Ck. Thus, the structurally program contains:

1) the general cycle of K, inside which:

a) a double cycle in W and j to form slices Uk (fi, fj),

b) a double cycle in i and j to cut off the values of the slices below the threshold a,

c) double integration of slices to obtain an estimate of the integral Zk,

d) the summation of the estimates of Zk with weight coefficients Ck:

2) after Nk the execution of the first cycle, an estimate of R.

An example of a psychological training session.

Client characteristics: a woman of 30 years old, manager of a commercial company, divorced, financially secure, lives with her daughter and mother in a 3-room apartment.

The purpose of psychological training: reducing emotional tension in communication with clients, increasing mental and physical performance.

Level of preparation: at the first stage, the client mastered the methods of auto-training, learned figurative and symbolic thinking with eyes closed.

Session program: figurative and symbolic thinking on the topic - the house in which I want to live.

Wednesday: musical accompaniment - sounds of the forest and field, aromas - lavender, night violet.

Hardware: measuring brain biopotentials in leads Fp1 and Fp2, a neutral electrode is connected to the left earlobe, a zero electrode is installed at FZ, a heart rate sensor 11 is attached to the wrist of the left hand, and a sensor of 12 electrical activity of the skin is attached to the middle finger of the right hand.

The role of the psychologist-trainer: active throughout the entire session of psychological training, the psychologist-trainer analyzes the change of 14 parameters of electrophysiological signals displayed on the screen of the visualization subunit and brings them to the client as instructive verbal impact as a biological feedback.

The content of the session: at the initial stage, the installation was given to relax by shifting attention from the external to the internal space, the installation was witnessed by a decrease in the level of beta waves and an increase in the R-R interval; further, the installation is given to activate the work of the right hemisphere of the brain by switching to sensory perception, for example, figurative representation of oneself in the forest, the installation is confirmed by the appearance of spindles of alpha waves and an increase in the respiratory wave of the cardiac rhythmogram; the next setting is to switch attention to the symbol of your subconscious by switching to figurative and symbolic thinking, when you imagine yourself entering the house, theta waves appeared, with the sensation of lightness and weightlessness, theta waves intensified, and when you sense how consciousness floats in an unlimited space of harmony and freedom a large amplitude of alpha and theta waves appeared; then the installation is given to activate the preset formed before the training by stimulating the transformation of the problem in symbolic form - you see how the symbol of your problem is transformed in the harmonious environment of your home, the installation was indicated by the appearance of high-frequency beta waves against alpha and theta waves; the final installation is to feel the changes in the perception of your problem (awareness of the result) - you leave the house, feel completely and remember your experience, theta waves fade, alpha and beta waves are present. During the session, the psychologist-trainer noted changes in bioelectric activity in both hemispheres of the client’s brain and the success of the psychological training session that were adequate to the settings.

The claimed technical solutions are intended to activate creative abilities and intuition. The consciousness model is a machine for processing information, a special environment that allows information to be organized into schemes - blocks with connections. In such a system, it is easy to build up and complicate schemes, but it is difficult to rebuild and control them. Creativity and intuition are associated with the restructuring of circuits, with the bypass of limiting circuits and stereotypical blanks. Creativity is innovation, progress in any field, including in personal life and interpersonal relationships. And the first hypostasis of creative thinking is breaking stereotypes, breaking old patterns. The development of intuition, creative thinking is achieved primarily when solving non-standard tasks that one constantly encounters in life. The purpose of the training is to instill skills in making immediate decisions, relieve emotional stress when confronted with a new one, generate new ideas in any life situation. Intuition is characterized by switching from one stack of information to another, intuition rejects the limitations worked out by the consciousness, breaks old and creates new connections.

New ideas are always needed, because there are always problems that cannot wait, while one can distinguish among them:

- problems that require new information or new technology to solve — the solution of such problems requires new knowledge;

- problems requiring restructuring of the available information - the solution requires an analysis of alternatives;

- problems without problems - for apparent prosperity you need to make out, identify improvements, take a fresh look at the familiar.

In each case, even when the solution is obvious, in order to train the habit of thinking broadly, other alternatives need to be analyzed, i.e. to the decision add a list of additional solutions to the analysis. The transition to the development of alternatives is not organized spontaneously, but given by fixing the number (quota) of alternative options to a given situation. The search for the optimal solution continues until the quota is filled, no matter at what step a promising alternative appears.

The search for new ideas is characterized by activation of beta and theta rhythms, a decrease in emotional stress when solving new problems - an increased level of alpha rhythm, a fixation of new schemes - an increase in beta rhythm. These phenomena form the basis of the claimed technical solutions.

Claims (13)

1. A method of psychological training, which includes three stages of psychotherapeutic intervention using autosuggestion, characterized in that at the first stage the client is trained in the skills of figurative and symbolic thinking and self-regulation of the psycho-emotional state, while activating figurative and symbolic thinking, register bioelectric activity, compare the activity of the left and the right hemisphere of the brain, the comparison results are presented to the client as a biological feedback signal, responding to which, cl The ent adjusts the sensualization and symbolic richness of figurative and symbolic thinking, controls the maintenance of the necessary psychoemotional state according to the parameters of the cardiac rhythmogram and the electrical activity of the skin, at the second stage, using the example of test situations, they teach the client how to overcome obstacles to achieving the goal, while using the skills of figurative and symbolic thinking and self-regulation of the psycho-emotional state, the client finds the optimal solution in test situations, at the third stage, the skills are figurative th thinking and self-control of mental and emotional status is used to overcome obstacles to finding the optimum solution for the customer in the current situation. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that each stage of psychological training contains at least 3 sessions, and psychological training sessions are carried out at intervals of one to five sessions per week with a session duration of 15 to 40 minutes. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the first and second stages, before each session of psychological training, the psychologist-trainer discusses with the client the program of the session, situations for figurative and symbolic thinking and the purpose of the session of psychological training. 4. A method of teaching the skills of figurative and symbolic thinking, including activation of figurative and symbolic thinking at the client using autosuggestion and / or instrumental verbal influence, characterized in that when figurative and symbolic thinking, the client measures brain bio potentials in symmetrical leads, for example, Fp1 and Fp2 , and / or C3 and C4, and / or O1 and O2, calculate the powers of the spectral components of the brain biopotentials in the left and right hemispheres, compare the powers of the spectral components of the brain biopotentials of the left hemisphere with sensitivities of the spectral components of the biopotentials of the brain of the right hemisphere in the frequency ranges of beta, alpha, theta and delta rhythms (waves) and the comparison results in the form of a visual and / or audio signal of biological feedback about a change in the state of consciousness are presented to the client, and the client in response to these signals changes the sensualization and symbolic richness of figurative and symbolic thinking. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that if the presented biological feedback signal about a change in the state of consciousness indicates an excess of brain activity in the right hemisphere of the brain, the client activates the symbolic saturation of figurative-symbolic thinking, if the presented biological feedback signal about the change state of consciousness indicates an excess of brain activity in the left hemisphere of the brain, then the client activates the sensualization of figurative and symbolic thinking. 6. A method of teaching self-regulation of a psychoemotional state, including activation of figurative and symbolic thinking using autosuggestion and / or instrumental verbal exposure and monitoring the psychoemotional state according to the parameters of the skin’s electrical activity, characterized in that it additionally measures the parameters of the heart rhythmogram and changes in the parameters of the skin’s electrical activity and cardiac rhythmogram parameters in the form of visual and / or audio signals of biological feedback, changes in the psychoemotional The present state is presented to the client, and the client, in response to these signals, activates sensations of warmth and / or severity in figurative-symbolic thinking, if, when controlling the parameters of the cardiac rhythmogram, signs of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system prevail, activates sensations of coolness and / or movement, flight, if prevailing signs of the parasympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system, and using autosuggestion reduces the level of psychoemotional stress, if the biological feedback signal indicates an excess of physical cal component galvanic skin response above background of more than 1.5 times. 7. A device for psychological training, comprising a unit for picking up electrophysiological signals with digital data output and a serially connected control unit and a unit for presenting biological feedback signals, characterized in that serially connected subunits for preliminary data processing, a subunit for fast Fourier transform, and a subunit for computing are introduced into it power values of spectral components in the frequency ranges of beta, alpha, theta and delta rhythms for the left and right hemispheres of the head brain with their subsequent comparison, the output of which is connected to the second input of the biofeedback signal presentation unit, while the electrophysiological acquisition unit with a digital output contains at least two channels for collecting bioelectrical activity of the brain from symmetrical regions of the left and right hemispheres and a sub-block of analog-to-digital conversion, the input is connected to the channels for collecting biological activity of the brain, and the output is connected to the input of the data pre-processing subunit, and the other output of the control unit is connected to about the second input of the fast Fourier transform subunit. 8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that it further comprises a sub-block for calculating the hodograph of the envelope of the heart rhythmogram and a subunit for extracting significant parameters of the heart rhythmogram, the output of which is connected to the input bus of the biofeedback signal presentation unit, and the electrophysiological signal pickup unit with digital data output further comprises a heart rate sensor connected to the input of the subunit ana logo digital conversion. 9. The device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that it further comprises a subunit for highlighting significant parameters of the electrical activity of the skin, the input of which is connected to the output of the data pre-processing unit, and the output to the input bus of the biofeedback signal presentation unit, the electrophysiological signal pickup unit with digital data output further comprises a skin electrical activity sensor connected to an input of the analog-to-digital conversion subunit. 10. The device according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that each of the channels for collecting bioelectrical activity signals of the brain contains a non-polarizing electrode connected in series to a non-inverting input, a differential amplifier, a high-pass filter, a broadband amplifier and a low-pass filter, an output which is connected to the corresponding input of the analog-to-digital conversion subunit, while the Kth channel for collecting the signal of the bioelectric activity of the brain additionally contains another non-polarizing ektrod coupled to the inverting inputs of differential amplifiers and operational amplifier non-inverting input of which is connected to an output of the Kth differential amplifier, the inverting input is connected to earth ground, and an output - with a neutral electrode. 11. The device according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the analog-to-digital conversion subunit contains an analog switch with inputs for connecting the channels for collecting bioelectrical activity signals of the brain and sensors for heart rate and electrical activity of the brain and connected to its output in series analog-to-digital converter, microcontroller and digital data output unit. 12. The device according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the biofeedback signal presentation unit comprises a biofeedback visualization signal subunit and a biofeedback audio presentation subunit. 13. The device according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the electrophysiological signal pickup unit with digital data output is connected to the inputs of the sub-units for data pre-processing and the selection of significant parameters of the skin's electrical activity via a telemetry channel.

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