RU2232356C2 - Method of generation of thermal energy and device for realization of this method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat-power engineering; heating liquids; self-contained heating systems for industrial and domestic consumers.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method includes delivery of pressure liquid to liquid-and-gas mixer to which pressure gas, air in particular, is fed simultaneously. After mixer, liquid-and-gas mixture is directed to heat generating tube which is provided with spacers where it is heated and is directed to separator for separation of gas and liquid. From separator liquid is fed directly to consumer or to heat exchanger arranged inside this system. Liquid which has given off part of heat is returned to pump inlet and gas from separator is directed to liquid-and-gas mixer. Device proposed for realization of this method includes closed circulating loop with pump, liquid-and-gas mixer, heat generating tube with inserts, separator and delivery and return pipe lines provided with respective fittings.

EFFECT: considerable saving of electric power.

8 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to heat engineering, in particular to heating a liquid, and can be used in autonomous water heating systems for residential premises, buildings and structures for various purposes, vehicles, water heating for industrial and domestic needs, for heating agricultural product dryers.

Known devices in which thermal energy is generated by changing the pressure, speed and volume of the working medium. Such devices include vortex tubes in which the Rank-Hilsh effect is realized (A.V. Martynov, V.M. Brodyansky. What is a vortex tube? - Moscow: Energia, 1976, pp. 6-10, Fig. 1-1). In these devices, gas is compressed by means of a compressor driven by an electric drive and, through the scroll, in which it accelerates to high speeds, is fed tangentially to the inner surface of the cylindrical pipe. In this pipe, the gas expands and is divided into two streams - hot (peripheral) and cold (central or axial).

A hot stream, the temperature of which is higher than the temperature of the compressed gas, is discharged from the opposite end of the pipe through a control valve to a system that consumes thermal energy.

The cold stream, the temperature of which is much lower than the temperature of the compressed gas, is diverted through the hole made in the end of the cochlea in the opposite direction.

Extreme simplicity of design and unpretentiousness of vortex tubes make them indispensable for many applications. However, such pipes are rarely used as sources of thermal energy. This is due to the low efficiency of vortex tubes, in which a large amount of energy is expended in compressing the gas in the compressor.

The efficiency of the method and similar structurally similar devices in which liquid, in particular water is used as a working medium, is significantly higher (Yu.S. Potapov, L.P. Fominsky. Vortex energy and cold nuclear fusion from the standpoint of motion theory. Chisinau - Cherkasy , 2000, p. 160-172).

A known method of producing thermal energy is that the liquid is pressurized tangentially into a spiral cyclone-accelerator of the fluid, where its mechanical energy is incremented, then the fluid enters the cylindrical vortex tube, where it is divided into two streams - peripheral hot forward flow and "cold" (warm), moving in the central part of the pipe in the opposite direction. Further, these flows are mixed and hot water is supplied to the consumer (RF Patent No. 2045715, IPC F 25 V 29/00, 1993).

This method is carried out in a device known from the same patent - a vortex heat generator, comprising a housing with a cylindrical part, equipped with a cyclone, the end side of which is connected to the cylindrical part of the housing - a vortex tube, a brake device and a bottom with an outlet opening that communicates with outlet pipe. This pipe through the bypass pipe is connected to the outer end of the cyclone, in which a hole is made, coaxial with the cylindrical part of the housing.

Nevertheless, much less heat is generated in the vortex heat generator than can be obtained with the same energy costs by other methods involving the generation of thermal energy by changing the pressure, speed and volume of the working medium.

An object of the present invention is to provide heating of a liquid with significant energy savings.

The problem is achieved by implementing the proposed method for producing thermal energy by changing the pressure, speed and volume of the working medium, which is used as a liquid-gas mixture. The liquid is pumped under pressure to the inlet to the liquid-gas mixer, into which gas is simultaneously supplied under pressure, after the mixer, the liquid-gas mixture is sent to a heat-generating pipe, the liquid-gas mixture heated during movement in it is sent to a separator, in which liquid and gas are separated, liquid from the separator is sent to heat exchangers and returned to the pump inlet, and gas from the separator is sent to a liquid-gas mixer.

For ease of use and reducing the cost of thermal energy generated by the proposed method, water can be used as a liquid, and air can be used as a gas.

Distinctive features of the proposed method can ensure the heating of the liquid to the desired temperature at significantly lower relative energy costs compared with vortex heat generators.

To achieve the specified technical result, a device is proposed comprising a closed coolant circulation loop, a pump, a heat generator connected to heat exchangers.

According to the invention, the heat generator is made in the form of a liquid-gas mixer, a heat-generating pipe and a separator installed in series in a closed loop, the liquid part of the separator is connected to heat-exchange devices, the outlet of which is connected to the inlet to the pump, and the gas part of the separator is connected to the gas inlet to the liquid gas mixer.

To reduce the energy consumption for heat generation in the proposed device and to reduce the length of the heat-generating pipe, spacers with wedge-shaped ribs or conical holes are mounted in series in it.

To separate the heat generation circuit and the heat consumption circuit, a heat exchanger connected to heat consumers is installed on or inside the separator. In this case, the outlet from the liquid part of the separator is directly connected to the inlet to the pump supplying water to the liquid-gas mixer.

In order to reduce the time required to bring the device to the calculated operating mode, and to compensate for possible small leaks from the gas circuit, the proposed device has a high-pressure air accumulator, the liquid part of which is connected to the outlet of the pump supplying water to the liquid-gas mixer, and gas - through a gearbox connected to the gas circuit of the device.

The same result can be achieved if a cylinder with compressed gas and a reducer connected to the gas circuit of the device is mounted in the device.

Figure 1 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a device that implements the proposed method for producing thermal energy, and figure 2 shows in graphical form the main results of experimental work carried out on a pilot plant.

In figure 1, the positions indicated:

1 - circulation pump;

2 - electric drive;

3 - liquid-gas mixer;

4 - heat-generating pipe;

5 - spacers;

6 - separator;

7 - heat exchanger;

8 - heat consumer;

9 - high pressure air accumulator;

10 - throttle;

11, 12, 13, 14, 15 - valves or stopcocks;

16 - air gear;

17, 18 - supply and return pipelines in the liquid path;

19 - return pipe in the gas path;

20, 21 - supply and return pipelines in a variant of the device, when the liquid from the separator is supplied directly to heat consumers;

22 - pipeline supplying water to the battery.

The device for receiving heat includes a liquid path, which is a closed loop with supply 17 and return 18 pipelines. On the line of these pipelines are a circulation pump 1 with an electric drive 2, a liquid-gas mixer 3, a heat-generating pipe 4 with spacers 5 sequentially installed in it, a separator 6 with a heat exchanger 7 mounted on it (or in it), a filling valve 15.

In the case when the pump 1 is designed for high outlet pressure, spacers 5 are installed in the heat-generating pipe.

The heat exchanger 7 may not be installed on the separator 6 (or inside). In this case, the liquid cavity of the separator is connected by a pipe 20 to the entrance to the heat consumption path, and the exit from this path through the pipe 21 is connected to the entrance to the pump 1, as shown by dash-dotted lines in figure 1.

The gas path for supplying the separated gas from the separator 6 to the liquid-gas mixer 3 is also a closed loop, consisting of a pipe 19 with a throttle 10 installed in it.

In the case when air is used as gas, a high-pressure air accumulator 9 is connected to the device for charging and boosting the circuit, connected via a pipe 22 with a valve 12 located on it, to the outlet of the pump 1. The outlet from the air cavity of the accumulator 9 is connected through a reducer 16 pipeline with an entrance to the liquid-gas mixer 3.

The operation of the device with a pre-filled water and gas paths and an open valve 11 begins with the start of the electric motor 2, which drives the pump 1, and, with a time interval, the opening of the throttle 10. The process of moving water begins, which is mixed in a liquid-gas mixer 3 s gas, in particular with air coming from the gas cavity of the separator 6. In the process of moving the liquid-gae mixture in the heat generator 4, it repeatedly accelerates and brakes, accompanied by heating of this mixture.

Getting into the separator 6, the liquid-gas mixture, as a result of sudden expansion and deep dispersion, is divided into phases. Water through the pipe 18, after passing through the heat exchanger 7 path, enters the inlet to the pump 1, and gas through the control choke 10 through the pipeline 19 - to the inlet of the liquid-gas mixer 3. The valve 11 is used to control the flow of water in the supply 17 and return 18 pipelines, and valve 15 - to refuel and recharge the device with water.

Heat from water and gas is transferred from the separator 6 to a heat exchanger 7 installed around (or inside it), connected by pipelines to heat consumers.

To maintain a high-pressure gas device in the gas path, a battery 9 can be used. In this case, before turning on the device, a valve 14 is opened, which communicates the internal cavity of the battery with the atmosphere, and a valve 13 through which water is drained from the battery. Further, these valves, as well as valve 11 are closed, valve 12 is opened and the electric motor 2 is started, which drives pump 1. The water under pressure enters the accumulator 9 through line 22, compressing the air in it. In the process, the device is automatically recharged its gas path with high pressure air through a specially adjusted gear 16.

The gas path can also be fed from a traditional balloon system through a specially adjusted gearbox.

In accordance with the essence of the invention, an experimental sample of a heat-generating installation (TSU) was manufactured using a water centrifugal electric pump unit of the brand HGN 20/35, a liquid-gas mixer, a heat-generating pipe, a separator and strapping fittings. The ratio of the used lengths of the heat-generating pipes (L) to their diameters (d), i.e. L / d ranged from 10 to 30, and the ratio of the mass of gas (G _g ) to the mass of water (G _W ) was approximately 0.1.

The unit was intended and was used to study the effectiveness of its operation on various gases (air, helium, methane, etc.) and to select the optimal L / d ratio in the hot water supply mode. Loss of thermal energy in the heat consumption circuit was simulated by draining from a hot water separator and feeding it with cold water. The research results are presented in figure 2, on which the time in minutes is plotted on the abscissa, and the temperature of the water at the outlet of the separator is plotted on the ordinate. This figure in the form of curved lines shows the temperature change at the outlet of the separator over three modes: the mode of heating the liquid in the circuit of the heat generator (after filling it with cold water) - I, the transition mode - II and the steady state - III. The temperature of the water in the separator may exceed 100 ° C, since the gas pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure. After the heat generator reaches the steady state, the heating coefficient (K _heating ) reaches the values:

for water-air mixture - not less than 2.7;

for water-methane mixture - not less than 2.9;

for a water-helium mixture - not less than 3.1.

The advantages of the proposed method for producing thermal energy in comparison with the known ones are significant savings in electricity or natural fuel resources, oxygen conservation in the earth's atmosphere and the absence of emissions of harmful combustion products into it.

Claims (8)

1. The method of obtaining thermal energy in a heat generator by changing the pressure, speed and volume of the working medium, which consists in the fact that the liquid is supplied to the heat generator using a pump driven by rotation from the electric drive, sent to heat exchangers and fed to the pump inlet, characterized the fact that gas is supplied to the heat generator, where it is mixed in the liquid-gas mixer, after the liquid-gas mixer, the liquid-gas mixture is sent to the heat-generating pipe of the heat-generator, heated during the movement I therein a liquid-gas mixture is fed to a heat source separator in which the separation of liquid and gas, and the gas from the separator is fed to a gas-liquid mixer of the heat generator. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that water is used as a liquid. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas used is air. 4. A device for generating thermal energy, comprising a closed coolant circulation circuit, including a pump driven by rotation from an electric drive, connected through a heat generator to heat exchangers, the output of which is connected to the pump inlet, characterized in that the heat generator is made in the form of sequentially installed closed the circuit of the liquid-gas mixer, heat-generating pipe and separator, while the gas part of the separator is connected via an inductor to the inlet of the liquid-gas mixer. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that spacers with wedge-shaped ribs or conical holes are mounted in series in the heat-generating pipe. 6. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that a heat exchanger connected to heat consumers is installed on or inside the separator, and the outlet from the liquid part of the separator is connected to the inlet to the pump supplying liquid to the liquid-gas mixer. 7. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that a high-pressure air accumulator is installed in it, the liquid part of which is connected to the outlet of the pump supplying water to the liquid-gas mixer, and the gas through the gearbox is connected to the gas circuit of the device. 8. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that it has a cylinder with compressed gas and a reducer connected to the gas circuit of the device.

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