RU2232277C2 - District-heating steam-power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat power engineering; thermoelectric plants.

SUBSTANCE: invention is designed for use in operating thermoelectric plants for reconstruction and at designing of new district-heating steam-power plants. Proposed system includes absorption lithium bromide two-housing heat pump consisting of generator and condenser arranged in one housing, and absorber and evaporator, in other housing. Thermocompressor is driven by removing potential of waste flue gases which provides reduction of consumption of fuel and potential of discharge flue gases. Moreover, evaporator of heat pump is connected to outlet (used in summer) and inlet (used in winter) cooling water pipelines of turbine condenser which makes it possible to increase vacuum in condenser and use heat of condensation with resulting increase of power generation and to decrease heat ejection with cooling water. Owing to successive heating of water for hot-water power supply (in summer) and return heating water (in winter) in absorber and condenser of heat pump, steam consumption for turbine heat extractions is reduced.

EFFECT: increased power and heat supply.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of power engineering, can be used at a thermal power plant.

The invention is intended for use on existing heat and power plants (CHP) through reconstruction, as well as in the design of new heating steam power plants (TPU).

TPU is well known (V.Ya. Ryzhkin. Thermal power plants. - M.: Energoatomizdat, 1987, p.24), which includes a boiler plant, a turbine plant with regenerative and heating units and allows the generation of thermal and electrical energy. The disadvantages of this scheme are the large losses in the turbine condenser with the heat of condensation, as well as losses in electricity production in the summer due to the deterioration of the vacuum in the turbine condenser, and the seasonal load mode of the CHP.

TPU is well-known (Author's certificate 1809131, “Steam-heating installation”, VV Maslennikov, VI Zatulovsky, BC Pavlov, BC Kaekin, V.Ya. Pervovsky, AS Tkachenko), including a closed steam power circuit containing a steam generator connected by a steam line to a steam turbine with a generator, a condenser, a heater installed in the condensate path, and a gas-water heater connected by the water and gas outlet to the steam generator, a network heating system with batteries, and also the main VT for removing heat condensation and a steam-power circuit and transferring it to the network heat supply system by means of an evaporator and a condenser, respectively, while the latter is placed in the network heat supply system according to the heated medium, and the VT is made with a gas turbine drive connected by the exhaust gas exhaust to the inlet of the gas-water heater, the TPU is also equipped with an additional heater and VT with a gas turbine drive, an evaporator and a condenser, while the latter is located in the steam condensate path in a heated medium of the circuit in front of the heater, through which the exhaust gas exhaust of the gas turbine drive is connected to the gas duct, and both the evaporators of the main and additional pumps are made in the form of heat exchange surfaces and placed in the condenser of the steam-power circuit, while the additional heater is placed on the heated and heating media, respectively, in the network heat supply system and gas duct before connecting to the last exhaust gas exhaust gas turbine drive additional VT.

This scheme has disadvantages: additional fuel consumption for the gas turbine drive of the heat pump compressor; complication and appreciation of the circuit due to the installation of an additional heat pump; seasonal mode of operation; use of freon as a working fluid.

The invention improves thermal efficiency, increases the production of electricity and heat, reduces thermal emissions of thermal power plants, improves operational safety.

This is achieved by using a cogeneration steam-powered installation containing a boiler installation, a cogeneration turbine installation, steam pipelines, raw, dry, feed water with the necessary fittings, direct and return network water pipelines and, in addition, an lithium-bromide absorption double-case heat pump consisting of a generator and a condenser located in one housing, an absorber and an evaporator in another housing, a thermocompressor drive, which is located between the smoke exhaust and the chimney th and includes the removal of hog with a gas-water heater for heating the circulating water heating the heat pump generator, in addition, the heat pump evaporator is connected to the outlet and inlet pipes of the cooling water of the pipe condenser through the valves, and the absorber and condenser of the heat pump are connected by a hot water pipe and a return mains water from the consumer passing sequentially through the absorber and condenser of the heat pump.

Figure 1 schematically depicts a general diagram of the claimed TPU containing a boiler unit 1 connected to the chimney 7 by means of a hog 3, having a branch 4 after a smoke exhauster 2, disconnected by gates 6. In the branch of the hog 4 there is a gas-water heater 5 connected to the circulation circuit 9 through a pump 8 with an absorption VT generator 20. In the circuit there is a two-case absorption VT with a working fluid lithium bromide (LiBr), consisting of an evaporator 21 and an absorber 22 in one housing, a generator 20 and a condenser TH 19 in another housing, a thermocouple a pressor (generator 20 and absorber 22), a regenerative heater 26, an absorber circulation pump 23, a cold water circulation pump 24, a weak solution feed pump 25. The evaporator ТН is connected to the cooling water pipelines of the turbine condenser 11: with a supply pipe 17 between the circulation pump (ЦН ) 16 and a turbine condenser 11 through valves 12 and 13; with a discharge pipe 18 through the valves 14 and 15. Consistently through the absorber 22 and the condenser TH 19 is a water pipe for hot water supply and return network water.

TPU can operate in two summer and winter modes. Regardless of the operating mode of the installation, the flue gases after the exhaust fan 2 pass through the main hog 3 and along the outlet of the hog 4 in the required quantity, where, due to the potential of the flue gases, the water in the gas-water heater 5 is heated and transported by the pump 8 to the TN 20 generator. This system is fed from deaerator mains water through line 10. a solution of H ₂ O-LiBr TN generator 20 by the water potential in the circuit 9 boils, evaporates and rises to the condenser TH 19 where it is cooled, condensed and sent to the evaporator 21 by VT Pipelines water 27. In the evaporator 21 TH due to the heat of cooling water 17 and 18 November turbine condenser lithium bromide solution boils and the vapors enter the absorber TH 22 where condensed.

In summer mode: cooling water from the supply pipe 17 is taken in the right amount through the valve 13 to the evaporator ТН 21, where it is cooled and mixed into the same pipe 17 further along the water through the valve 12, the total temperature of the cooling water decreases. Water for hot water supply coming from the consumer 28 passes through the absorber TH 22, where it is preheated and then into the condenser TH 19, where it is additionally heated and supplied to the consumer with hot water.

In winter mode: cooling water in the discharge pipe 18 through the valve 14 is taken into the evaporator ТН 21, where it is cooled and mixed in the same discharge pipe 18 further along the water through the valve 15. Return network water 28 passes through the absorber 22 and the condenser ТН 19, where preheated.

Thus, the invention allows to increase thermal efficiency, increase heat and electricity production, that is, by using the potential of flue gases to drive a thermocompressor, reduce fuel consumption, and, using the condensation heat in winter mode and the potential of cooling water in summer mode, improve vacuum in the capacitor and thereby increase power generation. Heated water for hot water supply (in summer) and return network water (in winter) in the absorber and condenser of the heat pump can reduce the steam consumption for cogeneration and thereby increase cogeneration of electricity. Reducing the potential of flue gases and cooling water can reduce thermal emissions of CHP. The use of lithium bromide as a heat pump increases the operational safety of the installation.

Claims (1)

A cogeneration steam-powered installation containing a boiler installation, a cogeneration turbine installation, steam pipelines, raw, chemically cleaned, feed water with the necessary fittings, pipelines of direct and return network water, a heat pump, characterized in that they use an absorption bromide-lithium double-case heat pump consisting of a generator and a condenser located in one housing, the absorber and evaporator in another housing, and the drive of the thermocompressor, which is located between the exhaust fan and the chimney and includes a boron outlet with a gas-water heater for heating the circulating water heating the heat pump generator, in addition, the heat pump evaporator is connected to the outlet and inlet pipes of the cooling water of the turbine unit condenser through valves, and the absorber and the heat pump condenser are connected by the hot water and return network water pipe from consumer passing sequentially through the absorber and condenser of the heat pump.