RU2232224C1 - Method of building floating bridge at freezing up - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: bridging; making of floating bridge in winter at freezing up.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method includes marking out of bridge axis, division of ice cover into ice plots and cutting of ice, assembling of rafts consisting of at least two pontoons and corresponding sections of bridge framework, butt-joining the sections and cross fastening them relative to ice cover. Novelty is that each ice plot is cut on bridge axis with geometric dimensions corresponding to dimensions of each pontoon or with crack in ice for nose of pontoon. Pontoons are assembled by fitted each pontoon on corresponding ice plot and subsequent mounting of bridge frame-fork on installed pontoons. Invention makes it possible to decrease labor input at bridging owing to assembling of raft along bridge axis with fitting of pontoons directly on preliminarily cut ice plots on ice cover with subsequent mounting of sections of bridge framework on pontoons and possibility of bridge building from bank at thickness of ice which does not permit operations from surface of ice cover.

EFFECT: reduced labor input at bridging.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to bridge construction, in particular to methods for building floating bridges (NM) in winter in the presence of ice cover.

A known method of guidance of NMs in winter, including unloading pontoon links on ice, opening them at the bridge crossing, moving each link on ice or snow to the installation site, sequential docking of the links along the length of the bridge (1).

The disadvantage of this method of guidance of NM in winter is the need for an ice sheet of appropriate thickness, excluding its breaking.

The closest technical solution is the well-known method of guidance in winter time, including marking the axis of the bridge, breaking the ice sheet into ice cards and slicing them, forming a lane of appropriate width along the entire length of the bridge with the removal of ice cards under the ice sheet, sequentially assembling ferries consisting of of at least two pontoons with the corresponding sections of the superstructure pre-mounted on them, in the lane afloat at the original shore, the movement of each of the collected ferries to to the opposite bank, their sequential installation in the bridge line, their subsequent docking with each other and transverse fastening (2).

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the great complexity when homing NM in the winter, since it is necessary to create a lane around the bridge and constantly maintain it non-freezing during the operation of the bridge using various technical means, for example, using pneumatic units and self-propelled floating means.

The technical result of the proposed method for guidance of NM during ice freezing is to reduce the complexity of building a bridge by assembling a ferry along the axis of the bridge with the installation of pontoons directly on ice cards previously cut in the ice sheet, followed by installation of sections of spans on the pontoons and the ability to carry it from the original shore (“with heads ”) with an ice thickness that does not allow work from the surface of the ice sheet.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of building a floating bridge during ice formation, including marking the axis of the bridge, breaking the ice cover into ice cards and slicing them, assembling ferries consisting of at least two pontoons and corresponding sections of the span, docking with each other according to the invention, each ice map is cut on the axis of the bridge with geometric dimensions corresponding to the dimensions of each of the pontoons or with a lane under the bow pontoons, and the assembly of the ferries is carried out by installing each pontoon on the appropriate ice map and the subsequent installation of spans on the installed pontoons.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where

figure 1 shows a diagram of the breakdown and slicing of ice maps on an ice field, intended for building a bridge;

figure 2 is a possible diagram of the breakdown and slicing of ice maps;

Fig.3-4 - technological diagrams of the assembly of the ferry.

The method of guidance of NM in winter during freezing is as follows. An example of guidance of a floating railway bridge (NZHM) during freezing is given.

Preliminary, an ice field is planned for building a bridge, it is cleared of snow by snow removal equipment, for example, a bulldozer with a snow plow.

Then, on the ice field 1, the position of the longitudinal axis 2 of the bridge is determined, which is noted, for example, by metal pegs (not shown in the drawing) hammered into it, arranged symmetrically relative to it and at a certain distance from each other. Then, in accordance with the design scheme of the bridge on the ice field 1, a breakdown is made of the corresponding lines, which are the boundaries of the ice maps 3 and cut into them the cross 4 and longitudinal 5 slots in the ice layer to its entire thickness, for example, using chainsaws, each of the cut ice cards 3 is a horizontal plate, the geometrical dimensions of which correspond to the dimensions (perimeter) of each pontoon NLM (figure 1). There are possible variations of the ice map 3 slicing scheme, for example, to exclude intense freezing of ice on the sled-like slope of each pontoon above the waterline under the bow of the pontoon, cut a certain length of the corresponding lane 6 with clean water (Fig. 2).

For each ice map 3 obtained, one pontoon 7 is installed, for example, by means of a cantilever crane 8 (Fig. 3). Then on the pontoons 7 mounted sections of the span 9 (figure 4). Collected steam 10 is left on the axis 2 of the bridge in the design position. The jib crane 8 is returned to the assembly site behind the pontoon 7 of the next ferry 10, after which the ferry 10 is docked with the assembled part of the bridge.

After that, the sequence of assembly processes is repeated on the next ferry. Then, the ferry is transversely fixed relative to the ice cover with the help of ice anchors previously installed respectively in the ice field 1 (not shown in the drawings).

Using the proposed method for guidance of NM in winter during ice freezing provides, in comparison with the known methods, the possibility of reducing labor costs, reducing the energy intensity of work by about 3-4 times, eliminating the need to use self-propelled floating equipment that would have to work in supercooled water in the presence of ice, increasing reliability transverse fastening of the bridge, since it is not produced over the edge of the ice field, but in general for it.

The method of guiding the NLM during ice formation has been tested during ice formation on the Volga River.

Sources of information

1. RU No. 710277, 10.27.99.

2. The floating railway bridge (NZhM-56). Technical description and instructions for installation, transportation, storage and operation, - Moscow, Military Publishing House, 1977, p. 181-182 (prototype).

Claims (1)

A method of building a floating bridge during ice formation, including marking the axis of the bridge, breaking the ice sheet into ice cards and slicing them, assembling ferries consisting of at least two pontoons and the corresponding sections of the span, docking with each other and transverse fixing them relative to the ice a cover, characterized in that each ice map is cut on the axis of the bridge with geometric dimensions corresponding to the dimensions of each of the pontoons or with a lane under the bow of the pontoon, and ferries are assembled by by installing each pontoon on the appropriate ice map and the subsequent installation of spans on installed pontoons.

Images