RU2231946C1 - Thresher for grain combine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: thresher has threshing cylinder with deck and stripper beater including separating screen. Straw shaker is positioned rearward of stripper beater. Shaking stand is hung on suspensions under threshing cylinder deck. Additional threshing device is positioned rearward of front shaking stand screen and is composed of upper and lower rolls. Length of rolls is equal to width of threshing and separating device. Lower roll of additional threshing device is arranged above main fan diffuser. Additional fan diffuser directs air flow onto shaking stand screen. Thresher of such construction provides for additional ear threshing and separation of grain before grain heap is delivered to main cleaning device.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of thresher and reduced grain losses.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the design of the thresher of a combine harvester.

Known thresher combine harvester (Yu.A. Peskov et al. Combine harvesters "Don". M .: Agropromizdat, 1986), containing threshing and separating device, transport board, fan, upper and lower sieves, moulder, distributing auger heap. .

The disadvantage of this thresher is that after cleaning, the grinded clean grain, which in some cases accounts for up to 14% of the total mass of the heap entering the spike auger, is sent to the grinding machine with an admixture of not threshed spikelets. When re-threshing it with a thresher or a pounding device, this grain is damaged and lost by spray after being re-exposed to wind-screen cleaning.

Known thresher combine harvester (A.S. No. 1419588, A 01 F 7/00, 12/44, BI No. 32, 1988), containing a threshing drum with a deck, straw walker, shaking board, fan, upper and lower sieves, moreover, the upper cleaning sieve is made in the form of two sections arranged one after another, between which there is a deck with a pounding device. The heap that has not passed through the openings of the front section, together with the uncut spikelets, enters the grinding machine, where the grain is ground, and then to the rear section, where the heap is separated. The final separation is carried out by the lower sieve.

The disadvantage of this device is that due to the installation directly on the upper sieve of the home-grinding device, its separation area is reduced. This leads to a decrease in its throughput and an increase in losses during the cleaning of the combine.

The technical result of the invention is expressed in increasing the throughput of the thresher of a combine harvester and reducing grain losses behind the combine.

This is achieved by the fact that the thresher of the combine harvester contains a threshing drum, deck, breaker beater with a separating grate, a straw walker, a shaking board, a fan, an upper and lower sieve, a moulder installed behind the front sieve of the shaker mill and consisting of a lower and an upper roll length equal to the width of the threshing-pairing device, while the lower roller is located above the main fan diffuser. One roller is spring-loaded and configured to adjust the gap between the rollers, and a deflector is installed in the main fan diffuser.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the inventive device is characterized in that behind the front sieve of the shaker mill of the threshing machine of the combine harvester, a home-grinding device is installed containing the lower and upper rollers with a length equal to the width of the threshing-separating device, while the lower roller is located above the main fan diffuser. One roller is spring-loaded and configured to adjust the gap between the rollers, and a deflector is installed in the main fan diffuser.

Verification of the conformity of the claimed invention to the requirement of an inventive step showed that the invention does not follow explicitly from the prior art, since the influence of the transformations prescribed by the invention, characterized by significant features distinctive from the prototype, on the achievement of the technical result was not revealed from the specialist.

Figure 1 shows the thresher of a combine harvester, figure 2 - mechanism for adjusting the gap between the rollers.

The thresher of the combine harvester includes a threshing and separating device 1, which consists of a drum 2, a deck 3, a chipper 4 and a separating grate 5 located below it, a straw walker 6, a shaker mill 7, comprising a front sieve 8, upper 9 and lower 10 transporting shaking boards having a stepped surface. The shaking mill 7 is mounted on the suspensions 11 and 12. Behind the front sieve 8, there is a domolating device 13 consisting of a lower 14 and an upper 15 rollers with a length equal to the width of the threshing and separating device. Rollers 14, 15 have a corrugated surface or non-metallic coating. Due to the installation on their shafts 16 and 17 of drive, for example, sprockets (not shown) of different diameters and the installation of one sprocket outside the chain loop, the rollers 14, 15 rotate in different directions (towards each other) with different speeds of the working surfaces. The upper roller 15 is equipped with a mechanism for adjusting the gap 18, including a spring 19, which ensures its automatic lifting when foreign objects get in. The lower treble board 10 is connected to the upper sieve mill 21 of the upper sieve 22 by means of an additional element 20, suspended in the front part at the upper ends of the two-arm levers 23, and in the rear - on the suspensions 24. At the lower ends of the two-arm levers 23, the lower sieve mill 25 is fastened in front suspended from the rear on the suspension 26, consisting of a lower sieve 27 and a ramp 28. The thresher also contains a fan 29 with a main 30 and an additional 31 diffusers, a grain auger 32 and a crank mechanism with an oscillating shaft 33 and connecting rods 34 for providing reciprocating movements of the shaker mill 7, upper 21 and lower 25 sieve mills. To adjust the direction of air flow in the main diffuser 30, a deflector 35 is installed.

Thresher combine harvester works as follows.

The flow of grain mass enters the threshing and separating device 1 and is threshed between the rotating drum 2 and the concave 3. The threshed mass of coarse heap, consisting of straw, grain, floor, potholes and other impurities, is fed to the straw walker 6 with a chopper beater 4. A small heap in the form grain, sex, non-threshed spikelets and other impurities is extracted from the threshed mass by concave 3, the separating surfaces of the grate 5 of the straw walker 6 and enters the upper shaking board 9 and the front sieve 8. Thanks to the recipient To the movement of the sieve 8 created by the crank mechanism and the purge of the separating surface of the sieve 8 by the air flow through an additional diffuser 31 created by the fan 29, the grain is preliminarily separated from the main grain mixture, which then enters the blowing zone along the lower shake board 10 the main diffuser 30, where the clean grain enters the auger 32, and the small heap is blown out. The selection of grain and small impurities is carried out through the use of a sieve 8 with the dimensions of the blinds similar to the lower cleaning sieve, performing the final cleaning of the grain of known thresher combine harvesters. The mixture remaining on the surface of the sieve 8 in the form of uncut spikelets, chopped straw, etc. it is transported to the punching device 13, passes through the gap between the lower 14 and upper 15 rollers, rotating towards each other with different linear speeds of the surfaces of the rollers, threshing the spikelets along the entire width of the thresher. Bread mass with rollers is fed with a thin layer at a high speed onto the upper sieve 22 in the zone of the air stream exit from the main diffuser 30 of the fan 29 guided by the deflector 35, where the grain is reliably separated from the floor. Further, the upper 22 and lower 27 sieves, the separating surfaces of which are blown by the stream of air flowing through the main diffuser 30 of the fan 29, completely separate the grain from impurities, where large impurities come off the sieves, and small impurities are blown out by air and also outside the thresher. The grain comes from the pitched board 28 to the grain auger 32, which transports it to the elevator for feeding into the hopper.

Thus, in the proposed thresher of a combine harvester, the separation of grain with a small admixture from a large heap with not threshed spikelets and spikelet spikelets is carried out before they enter the main cleaning with upper and lower sieves, i.e. allows you to increase the throughput of the thresher and reduce grain loss during threshing and cleaning.

Claims (3)

1. The thresher of a combine harvester containing a threshing drum with a deck, a breaker beater with a separating grate, a straw walker, a shaking board, a fan, an upper and lower sieve, a home treatment device, characterized in that a front treatment machine is installed behind the front sieve of the shaker mill, containing the upper and lower rollers with a length equal to the width of the threshing-separating device, while the lower roller is located above the main fan diffuser. 2. The thresher according to claim 1, characterized in that one roller is spring loaded and configured to adjust the gap between the rollers. 3. The thresher according to claim 1, characterized in that a deflector is installed in the main fan diffuser.

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