RU2231385C2 - Groats crop grain shelling machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: machine has casing, feeding mechanism with guiding chute, two rubberized rolls mounted on shafts for rotation in opposite directions at different speeds, first roll gap adjustment mechanism, electric engine with output shaft, additional unit mounted on shaft and including drive gear and pulley, which is connected through V-belt transmission with output shaft of electric engine. Low-speed shaft is equipped with driven gear. First connecting link is pivotally fixed with its one end on immovable shaft for rotation and with its other end on mechanism for adjusting connecting link rotation angle. Machine is further equipped with second roll gap adjusting mechanism, intermediate gear mounted on immovable shaft and kinematically connected with pulley drive gear and low-speed roll gear, second connecting link with third roll, and driven gear connected with intermediate gear. Second connecting link is pivotally secured with its one end on intermediate gear shaft for rotation through angle sufficient for compensating roll wear and with its other end on second roll gap adjusting mechanism.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in grain shelling owing to double application of compression-shear force to grain.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the processing of grain buckwheat, rice, millet, peas into cereals and can be used in cereal production.

A known machine with rubberized rollers for peeling rice and millet type ZRD-2.5, consisting of a receiving hopper, feed tray, two counter-rotating rubberized rollers, a housing, a mechanism for adjusting the roll gap and drive [1].

However, these machines are characterized by the following disadvantages:

relatively low work efficiency associated with the design features of the machine;

low reliability of the drive associated with the use of a coupling with a floating liner for high-speed shaft.

Closest to the proposed technical essence is a machine for peeling grain cereal crops, in which the drive is equipped with additional V-belt drive and a block mounted on a fixed axis by bearings, including a pinion gear and a pulley connected through an additional V-belt drive with the output shaft of the electric motor, the low-speed shaft is equipped with a driven gear associated with the drive gear of the additional unit, and a link, articulated at one end on a fixed axle and with the possibility of rotation through an angle within 28-30 °, and another - on a movable screw by means of a threaded cross [2].

A disadvantage of the known machine is the relatively low technological efficiency of peeling.

The aim of this invention is to increase the effectiveness of peeling due to the twofold application of compressive-shear forces to the grain.

The goal is achieved as follows.

A machine comprising a housing, a feed mechanism with a guide tray, two rubber rolls mounted on shafts with the possibility of counter rotation with different speeds, a mechanism for adjusting the roll gap, an electric motor with an output shaft, an additional unit mounted on an axis, including a pinion gear and a pulley connected kinematic transmission with the output shaft of the electric motor, while the low-speed shaft is equipped with a driven gear and a link, articulated at one end on a fixed axis with the possibility of rotation ota, and the other - on the mechanism for adjusting the angle of rotation of the scenes, is equipped with a second mechanism for regulating the roll gap, an intermediate gear mounted on a fixed axis, kinematically connected with the drive gear of the block and the gear of the low-speed roller, the second link with the third roller and the driven gear associated with the intermediate gear, and the second link is pivotally mounted at one end on the axis of the intermediate gear with the possibility of rotation by an angle sufficient to compensate for the wear of the rolls, and the other with the second fur by the regulation of the roll gap, and an aspiration channel is installed in the machine, installed at the outlet of the peeling zone formed by low-speed and intermediate rolls, and for peeling millet, buckwheat, peas, the intermediate roller is made abrasive, and low-speed and high-speed with an elastic coating.

The technical result is achieved by additional application of compressive-shear forces to the grain in the working gap formed by additional high-speed and intermediate rolls, as well as the removal of small peeling products after they exit the peeling zone formed by slow-moving and intermediate rolls.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a General view of the machine from the drive side of low-speed, intermediate and high-speed rolls; figure 2 is a view of the machine from the rolls and the suction channel.

The proposed machine contains a receiving hopper 1, a power mechanism 2 with a guide tray 3, three rolls 4, 5 and 6, mounted on shafts 7, 8 and 9 in the housing 10 and having the ability to rotate towards each other at different peripheral speeds, the mechanism 11 of the regulation of the first an inter-roll gap formed by low-speed 4 and intermediate 5 rolls, a mechanism 12 for regulating the second working gap formed by the intermediate 5 and high-speed 6 rolls, a drive consisting of an electric motor 13 with an output shaft 14; an additional unit mounted by means of bearings on the shaft and including a pinion gear 15 and a pulley 16, connected by a V-belt drive 17 with the output shaft 14 of the electric motor 13, while the low-speed shaft is mounted on the link 18 in the bearings and equipped with a driven gear 19 connected to the intermediate gear 20, mounted on the axis 21, the link 18 is pivotally mounted at one end on the fixed axis 21 with the possibility of its rotation by an angle that allows you to bring the slow-moving roll closer to the intermediate one by an amount equal to the maximum wear of the roll c, and the other end - on the movable screw of the mechanism 11 of the regulation of the roll gap; an additional link 22 with a high-speed shaft 9 mounted on it and provided with a driven gear 23 connected to the intermediate gear 20, the link 22 being pivotally mounted at one end on the fixed axis 21 with the possibility of its rotation by an angle, allowing the high-speed roller 6 to be brought closer to the intermediate roll 5 by a value equal to the wear of the rolls 5 and 6, and the other end on the movable screw of the mechanism 12 for regulating the roll gap.

The kinematic diagram of the gears includes the drive gear 15 of the additional unit, which is meshed with the intermediate gear 20, and that, in turn, is with the driven gear of the low-speed shaft 7 installed on the first link 18, and the driven gear 23 of the high-speed shaft 9 installed on the second wings 22.

Under the rollers 5 and 6 there is an aspiration column 24, the output of which is connected to the first input of the fan 25, the second fan input is connected to the suction channel 26, which removes small peeling products passing through the rollers 4 and 5, and the output of the fan 25 is connected to the input of the cyclone 27.

The suction channels 24 and 26 are equipped with draft regulators 28 and 29, respectively.

The machine operates as follows.

The grain is fed into the machine through the receiving hopper 1 into the power supply mechanism 2 with a guide tray 3, with the help of which they are evenly distributed along the length of the rolls 4 and 5.

Entering the inter-roll gap, regulated by the mechanism 11, the grain is subjected to deformation by the forces of mainly compression and partial shear from the elastic surface of the slow-moving rolls 4 and intermediate 5, due to which the shell is punctured. From the exit of the rolls 4 and 5, the mixture after removal of fine fractions enters the working gap formed by the intermediate 5 and high-speed 6 rolls, where the grain is subjected to secondary deformation mainly of shear and partial compression, due to which the shell finally detaches from the core.

Peeling products from the exit of the rolls 5 and 6 enter the suction channel 24, where husk and small fractions entering the cyclone 27 are removed from the mixture.

The degree of mechanical influence of the rolls is influenced by the peripheral speed of the rolls, the relative speed and the ratio of these speeds. Therefore, taking into account practical experience in the design of the kinematic diagram of the machine, the circumferential surface speed of the high-speed roll 6 is provided in the range 13.0-14.0 m / s; intermediate roll 5 - 10.5-11.5 m / s, low-speed roll 4 - 8-8.5 m / s; relative speed, or difference of peripheral speeds - at least 2.5 m / s.

In contrast to the prototype, the use of an additional roll improves the technological efficiency of the peeling process. In addition, due to the implementation of mild regimes in which the peeling process proceeds with the least energy and reduced compressive strain in the second working gap, the likelihood of cracks and micro-cracks in the product is reduced.

Sources of information

1. Sokolov A.Ya. Technological equipment of grain storage and processing enterprises. - M .: Kolos, 1984, p. 334-335.

2. Description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2060824, cl. 02 V 3/04.

Claims (3)

1. A machine for peeling grain of cereal crops, mainly peas, rice, millet and buckwheat, comprising a housing, a feed mechanism with a guide tray, two rubber rolls mounted on shafts with the possibility of counter rotation with different speeds, a mechanism for adjusting the roll gap with a movable screw, an electric motor with an output shaft, an additional block mounted on an axis, including a pinion gear and a pulley connected by a V-belt transmission with the output shaft of the electric motor, while the low-speed shaft is equipped with driven gear, and the link, pivotally mounted at one end on a fixed axis with the possibility of rotation, and the other end on the mechanism for adjusting the angle of rotation of the wings, characterized in that the machine is equipped with a second mechanism for adjusting the roll gap, an intermediate gear mounted on a fixed axis, kinematically connected with the drive gear of the block and the gear of the low-speed roll, the second link with the third roll and the driven gear connected with the intermediate gear, the second link being pivotally mounted alone end to the intermediate gear shaft rotatable by an angle sufficient to compensate for wear of the rolls, and the other - the second roll gap adjusting mechanism. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an aspiration channel installed at the outlet of the peeling zone formed by low-speed and intermediate rolls. 3. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that when peeling millet, buckwheat and peas, the intermediate roller is made abrasive, and low-speed and high-speed with an elastic coating.

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