RU2230640C1 - Jet for laser working - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: apparatuses for laser working.

SUBSTANCE: jet includes body 1, insert 2 and branch pipe 3 for feeding gas-powder mixture into annular gap "a" between body 1 and insert 2. The last is in the form of circular truncated cone and it has ducts "b" along cone generatrices whose axes 4 cross inside jet in point O. In annular gap "w" ring 5 is placed; inner surface "c" of said ring is formed by means of circular cone. Base "d" of circular cone is combined with base of insert 2. Branch pipe 3 for feeding gas-powder mixture is mounted tangentially relative to inner surface "c" of ring 5.

EFFECT: improved design providing uniform feed of powder to welding zone, increased factor of using powder, possibility for receiving the same welded bead at any motion direction of part.

2 cl, 3 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to equipment for laser processing, in particular to devices for laser surfacing.

A device for laser processing is known, comprising an emitter, a focusing lens with a nozzle installed in the housing, an ejector nozzle and a gas receiver, the nozzle being made with a guide groove with a conical end wall in which an open channel is made. The device is designed to improve the quality of processing and reduce the consumption of process gas to protect the weld (AS USSR No. 1824275, 23 K 26/00, 1990).

A disadvantage of the known nozzle is the inability to obtain a weld bead of the same size in different directions of movement of the part. The known device is not intended to supply powder to the weld zone.

The closest in technical essence is a nozzle for laser processing, comprising a housing, an insert and a nozzle for supplying powder. The insert is installed in the housing with an annular gap, while the end face of the insert is placed at a distance from the end of the housing equal to 0.1-0.7 nozzle diameters, and the nozzle for feeding powder through the housing wall is inserted into the annular gap perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle (RF patent No. 2031764 , 23K 26/00, 1991).

A disadvantage of the known nozzle is the inability to provide a uniform flow of powder into the weld zone and to obtain a weld bead of the same size in different directions of movement of the part, as well as low efficiency of powder use.

The objective of the invention is to ensure uniform flow of powder into the weld zone and to obtain a uniformly sized weld bead regardless of the direction of movement of the part, as well as increasing the efficiency of using the powder.

The problem is solved in that in the nozzle for laser processing, comprising a body, an insert made in the form of a truncated round cone, and a nozzle for supplying a gas-powder mixture into the annular gap between the body and the insert, channels are made along the generatrix of the insert, the axes of which intersect inside the nozzle, in an annular gap has a ring, the inner surface of which is formed by a round cone, the base of the round cone is aligned with the base of the insert, and the nozzle for supplying the gas-powder mixture is installed tangentially to the inner ited ring.

The inner surface of the ring is made of high strength alloy.

A device for laser-arc processing is known, comprising a housing, a nozzle, an electrode and a lens mounted coaxially to an electrode that is hollow, water-cooled and mounted through a swirl on a water-cooled nozzle made with a channel for the exit of the plasma arc, and the lens is installed in the electrode cavity and focus it is located in the center of the nozzle channel (USSR AS No. 1815085, 23K 26/00, 1989).

A disadvantage of the known device is the impossibility of surfacing with powder by feeding it into the nozzle, because in the swirler, the powder will be scattered along the wall and stick to it due to centrifugal forces. The known device is not intended to supply powder to the weld zone. It is not possible with the known device to provide a uniformly sized weld bead during surfacing in different directions of movement of the part.

In the proposed technical solution, the gas-powder mixture rotates along the inner wall of the ring in a spiral and the powder evenly enters the insertion channels.

The intersection of the axes of the insertion channels inside the nozzle ensures that the powder enters the zone of laser radiation.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a nozzle for laser processing;

figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1;

figure 3 - section bb in figure 1.

The laser processing nozzle comprises a housing 1, an insert 2 and a nozzle 3 for supplying a gas-powder mixture into the annular gap and between the housing 1 and the insert 2. The insert 2 is made in the form of a truncated round cone. Channels b are made along the generatrices of insert 2, the axes 4 of which intersect inside the nozzle at point O. In the annular gap a, ring 5 is installed, the inner surface of which is formed by a round cone. The base d of the round cone is combined with the base of the insert 2. A pipe 3 for supplying the gas-powder mixture is installed tangentially on the inner surface of the ring 5.

The device operates as follows.

The laser beam is sent to the treatment area. Through the pipe 3, a gas-powder mixture is fed into the annular channel a, which moves along the surface c, the powder is evenly distributed over the annular gap a and enters the channels b. From channels b, the powder enters the zone of the laser beam, where it is heated and partially melted. The powder is completely melted in the surfacing zone. Get the same size deposited bead regardless of the direction of motion of the deposited part.

During the movement of the powder along the wall c, rapid wear of the wall material is possible, therefore, the wall c is made of high-strength alloy, which ensures the duration of operation of the nozzle.

The weld bead is protected by outgoing gas flows from the nozzle.

An example of a specific implementation.

The laser radiation power is set within 1.5-2 kW. The focus of the laser beam is set on the surface of the deposited part. The powder from the ZhS6K material and the gas transporting it (argon) are fed into the surfacing zone with a flow of transporting gas in the range of 2-4 l / min. The amount of powder supplied is set so as to provide surfacing with a given geometry of the roller: a width of 2-3 mm and a height of 1.5-2 mm. The item is moved at a speed of 10-12 m / h.

X-ray and LUM-control in the deposited layer did not reveal defects.

The proposed nozzle provides a uniform supply of powder to the surfacing zone, the efficiency of using the powder increases due to its full use, and a deposited bead of the same size is obtained regardless of the direction of movement of the part.

Claims (2)

1. A nozzle for laser processing, comprising a housing, an insert made in the form of a truncated round cone, and a nozzle for supplying a gas-powder mixture into the annular gap between the housing and the insert, characterized in that channels are formed along the generatrix of the insert, the axes of which intersect inside the nozzle, in an annular gap has a ring, the inner surface of which is formed by a round cone, the base of the round cone is aligned with the base of the insert, and the nozzle for supplying the gas-powder mixture is installed tangentially on the inner surface awn rings. 2. The nozzle for laser processing according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner surface of the ring is made of high strength alloy.

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