RU2230158C1 - Scraper trailer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention can be used at assembling of truck-tractor with earth-moving equipment. Proposed device contains truck-tractor with tow clevis, bucket with arch-trunk, front axle, tow bar, spherical holder and ball support. Ball support is mounted on arch-truck, and spherical holder, on front axle of scraper. Axes of ball support, tow bar and clevis of truck-tractor are located at one height from ground. EFFECT: increased capacity and service life of scraper set. 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in the aggregation of a tractor and earth moving equipment.

A device for connecting a transport trolley and a tractor [1], comprising a tractor, a transport trolley resting on a front axle equipped with a drawbar rotatable in a vertical plane with a towing device.

The device is adapted to work in transport mode, when driving on roads where there are no significant traction loads.

A device is known for connecting a semitrailer scraper to a wheeled tractor [2], including a trunk arch in which a spherical bearing is mounted, and a tractor on the frame of which a spherical cage is placed.

Such a device is adapted to work in traction mode and provides all the necessary mutual movements of the tractor and the scraper when moving in the face. However, it cannot be used without design changes on trailed scrapers.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is a trailed scraper [3], including a tractor with a trailing kingpin, a scraper bucket connected by a trunk arch with a ball joint to the front axle, which has a rigid drawbar with towing towing.

Such a device reliably connects the scraper equipment with the tractor when operating in traction mode and driving over rough terrain. However, when digging the soil, its work causes a decrease in the towing grip weight due to the placement of the towing rod and the ball joint on different sides (in a vertical plane) from the axis of the front axle of the scraper and at different heights from the ground. As a result, the traction force and productivity of the trailed scraper are reduced and the bending loads on the metal structure of the trailing device are increased.

The invention is aimed at stabilizing (preserving) the towing grip weight when collecting soil with a towed scraper and reducing loads on its towing device. For a scraper hitch containing a tractor with a towing bracket, a bucket with a trunk arch, a front axle, a towbar, a ball joint and a spherical cage, these qualities are achieved by the fact that the ball joint is mounted on the arch trunk and the spherical cage is mounted on the front axle scraper, and the axis of the ball joint, towing rod and towing bracket of the tractor are located at the same height from the ground.

The essence of the claimed device is illustrated by drawings, where on figa, b shows the design of the device; figure 2 shows the ball bearing device, figure 3 is a diagram of the forces acting on the towing device.

The scraper hitch includes a drawbar 1, a front axle 2, a towbar 3 of the front axle 2 mounted at the same height h with a spherical support device 4 consisting of a spherical holder 5 and a ball bearing 6 mounted in the arch trunk 7 of the scraper bucket. A towed bracket 9 is mounted on the tractor 8 at a height h from the ground. The device operates as follows.

A scraper equipped with the described device is connected to the towing bracket 9 of the towing towbar 3 so that the height H above the ground of the towing towing 3, towing bracket 9 of the towing vehicle 8 and the ball joint 6 is the same (Fig. 1 a).

When digging the soil in the tow hitch, horizontal forces arise: the traction force T of the tractor 8 and the horizontal reaction in the ball joint 6 T _w (Fig. 3), which are directed along the same line and therefore do not cause a balancing moment and a vertical force K in the hitch, which in conventional constructions of trailed devices, it reduces the towing capacity of the tractor and increases the load on the metal structure of the towing device.

Placing the mounting of the ball joint 6 in the body of the trunk arch 7 allows to reduce the height h and thereby further reduce the load on the metal structure of the tow hitch.

In fact, from the equilibrium condition of the drawbar 1 of the scraper relative to the axis of the front axle 2 (point 0, FIG. 3), one can determine the vertical force K in the towbar 3 of the front axle 2:

where l _d is the horizontal distance from the axis of the front axle to the towing bracket of the tractor;

T is the traction force developed by the tractor;

h ₁ and h are the vertical distances from the drawbar axis to the towing axis of the prototype and the proposed device, respectively;

R _W - vertical load on the ball bearing;

in - the horizontal distance between the center of the ball joint and the axis of the front axle;

G _d - the weight of the drawbar of the hitch;

and - the horizontal distance from the axis of the front axle of the scraper to the center of gravity of the drawbar of the hitch.

This vertical force K is applied to the tractor upward and reduces its grip in proportion to the traction force T developed by it, which is a significant drawback of existing constructions of scraper hitching devices.

In the given expression (1) in practical calculations, the two right-hand terms can be neglected, since the value of _b = 0.01 _d , and G _d = 0.15T. In this case, to eliminate the reduction (stabilization) of the towing grip weight due to the traction force T, it is necessary to observe the equality:

The device (figa, b and figure 2) provides the implementation of equality (2).

Thus, when the proposed towing device is operated in towing towing, there is practically no vertical force K, which leads to stabilization of the towing grip weight of the tractor when digging. The latter has a positive effect on the performance of the trailer scraper and the durability of its metal structure.

The proposed device eliminates the reduction in the grip weight of the tractor when digging soil due to traction, reduces bending moments in the metal structures of the towing device, increases the productivity and durability of the scraper unit.

Sources of information

1. Vysotsky M.S., Dobrykh L.I., Sirotkin Z.L. Automobile and tractor trailers. M .: Mashgiz, 1962 .-- 164 p. (Fig. 1, p. 11; Fig. 2, p. 12).

2. SU, 1684436, A1, E 02 F 3/64. Scraper assembly. Publ. 10/15/91. Bull. No. 38.

3. Pleshkov D.I., Kheifets M.I., Yarkin A.A. Bulldozers, scrapers, graders. Textbook for prof. - tech. educational institutions. - M.: Higher School, 1972. - 328 p. (p. 202, fig. 108, fig. 108, p. 197).

Claims (1)

A scraper hitch including a tractor with a towing bracket, a bucket with a trunk arch, a front axle, a tow bar, a spherical cage and a ball joint, characterized in that the ball joint is mounted on the trunk arch and the spherical cage is mounted on the front axle of the scraper, the axles of the ball joint, towbar and towing bracket of the tractor are located at the same height from the ground.

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