RU2230100C1 - Surfactant for cleansing internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cleansing agents. SUBSTANCE: surfactant composition for cleansing surfaces of various materials, including parts of cylinder-piston group and carters of motor cars, diesel locomotives, and other internal combustion engines, to remove oily and dirty deposits contains 25-50% of C₈- or C₉-alkylphenol ethoxylates containing 10-12 ethoxy groups, 30-65% di- and/or triethylene glycol, and (to 100%) di- and/or triethylene glycol C₂-C₄-alkyl ethers. EFFECT: increased cleansing efficiency and reduced corrosive activity. 1 tbl, 11 ex

Description

The present invention relates to the field of chemistry, in particular to compositions of detergents used to clean the surfaces of various materials from oily-mud deposits by the physicochemical method, for example, to clean the surfaces of parts of a cylinder-piston group and crankcases of automobile, diesel and other internal combustion engines (ICE) .

As is known, specific requirements are imposed on detergents intended for cleaning internal combustion engines, especially during operation: high efficiency in relation to oily-mud deposits, low toxicity of combustion products, satisfactory explosion and fire safety characteristics and the absence of negative effects of fuel combustion products .

A relatively small number of compositions satisfying such requirements are known in the art.

In particular, it is known that a cleaning agent for the treatment of internal combustion engines containing sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium chromate, anionic and nonionic surfactants, urea, isopropyl alcohol and water (AS USSR No. 806754, IPC C 11 D 1/83, 1978).

The disadvantages of the known composition include:

low washing ability in relation to oily-mud deposits;

unsatisfactory explosion and fire safety (the presence in the composition of isopropyl alcohol having a flash point below 56 ° C) and toxicological (presence in the composition of potassium chromate) characteristics;

negative corrosive effects on the details of the cylinder-piston group of the engine (due to the presence of water and potassium chromate).

Also known washing composition "Chistra" for cleaning internal combustion engines. The specified composition is used to clean the engine during its operation. It contains a nonionic surfactant, tall oil, sodium tripolyphosphate, butyl or a mixture of isopropyl and butyl alcohols, as well as water (AS USSR No. 910759, IPC С 11 D 1/66, 1980).

The main disadvantages of the composition include:

insufficiently effective washing ability in relation to oily-mud deposits in ICE;

unsatisfactory anticorrosive properties in relation to the details of the cylinder-piston engine group;

increased toxicity and allergic effects on maintenance personnel (hazard class III).

The closest in technical essence to the present invention is the use as a detergent for ICE water-miscible detergent composition containing, wt.%:

Tall oil 15-17

Nonionic Emulsifier 15-25

Polyglycol (by-product

glycol production

and cellosolves) 20-40

Triethanolamine 5-20

Corrosion Inhibitor 0.4-3.0

Water Up to 100.

(RF patent No. 2062296, CL 11 D 1/66, 1966).

The main disadvantages of this composition include insufficiently effective washing ability with respect to oily-mud deposits on the parts of the cylinder-piston group and in the ICE crankcase, unsatisfactory anti-corrosion properties in relation to the details of the cylinder-piston group of the ICE made of carbon steel.

The technical task is to develop a detergent composition that combines a high degree of cleaning of parts of the cylinder-piston group and the ICE crankcase and a low degree of corrosion directly during the operation of the ICE without disassembling it.

This problem is solved by an anhydrous detergent composition composition, wt.%:

Ethoxylates of C ₈ or C ₉ alkylphenols,

containing an average of 10-12 ethoxyl

groups 25-50

Di- and / or triethylene glycol 30-65

C ₂ -C ₄ -alkyl

esters of di- and / or triethylene glycol Up to 100.

As ethoxylated alkyl phenols, industrial products such as Neonol AF 9-10, AF-9-12 can be used, as di- or triethylene glycols or their mixtures and their C ₂ -C ₄ -alkyl ethers, manufactured products. All of these components of the composition have a flashpoint of at least 150 ° C (at the level of the mineral motor oil used in ICE), are non-toxic and non-corrosive to parts of the cylinder-piston group made of carbon steel. The proposed washing composition has a viscosity of (4.2-6.0) 10 ^-6 m ² / s, close to automotive engine oils.

The technology for preparing a detergent composition consists in mixing mutually soluble components and does not require special equipment and highly qualified personnel. The washing composition is added directly to the ICE crankcase containing the working engine oil, mixed with this oil and performs its purpose during the operation of the ICE, after which the used oil is unloaded and replaced with fresh without any additional operations.

Examples 1-10

The effectiveness of the washing composition in the laboratory is evaluated as follows. LUKOIL 10 w 30 API SF / CD engine lubricating oil (or M-5 ₃ / 10G, according to the classification of USSR motor oils) is placed in an amount of about 0.1 g in a stainless steel cup and kept at a temperature of 240 ° C for 1 h in the device described in GOST 5726. During the test, part of the oil is converted into a varnish film, the amount of which is estimated by weighing on an analytical balance. Then the cup with the varnish film is placed in a vessel containing a detergent composition and equipped with a heater and a mixing device. Processing with the detergent composition is continued at a temperature of 100 ° C for 1 h, then the cup is removed from the vessel and the remainder of the varnish film is determined by weighing it. The washing ability of the tested means is evaluated as a percentage as the difference between the mass of the varnish film formed during the heat treatment (240 ° C) and remaining after washing it off.

The corrosivity of the tested detergents with respect to carbon steel (St3) was also measured at a temperature of 140 ° C for 25 hours in a DK-NAMI instrument (GOST 20502).

The test results are shown in the table.

From the table it follows that the washing compositions according to examples 1-4 have an unsatisfactory washing effect, and the compositions according to examples 5-8, 10 show a significantly higher washing ability. The detergent composition of Example 9 containing water has a reduced detergency. In addition, the addition of water to the latter increases its corrosiveness. The compositions of examples 5-8,10 have minimal corrosion activity.

Example 11

In the engine of a VAZ-2110 car (four-stroke gasoline with direct injection with a power of 75 hp), having a 4-liter oil system capacity, Lukoil 10 w 30 API SF / CD (or M-5 ₃ / 10G, according to the motor oil classification) is poured USSR). After a run of 100 thousand km, the engine is dismantled. Visual inspection showed that there is soot on the piston bottom, varnish deposits on their lateral surface (at the level of 5 points according to GOST 5726). In 2 pistons, the upper piston rings are coked to complete immobility. On the bottom of the crankcase, on the grid of the oil receiver there are sticky deposits (total volume of about 200 ml), the valve cover also has deposits on the entire surface.

Fresh oil is poured into the engine. After a run of 10 thousand km, 1 liter (20% of the oil volume) of the detergent from Example 8 is added to the running oil. After 20 hours of operation in normal operation, the lubricating oil is drained from the crankcase. The engine and oil filter are disassembled. A visual inspection showed that the degree of filter contamination increased by 2 times compared with the previous oil change, the amount of soot on the piston bottom decreased slightly, and the amount of varnish deposits decreased by 5-6 times (to the level of 0.5-1 point according to GOST 5726) . Sticky deposits from the bottom of the crankcase and the oil pan mesh are completely removed.

The analysis of spent oil by optical density was carried out, which showed that the amount of dispersed contaminants in the oil increased sharply: resins, soot particles, etc.

The detergent for cleaning internal combustion engines in accordance with the invention is superior to the known detergents presented in the prior art, in terms of purification, has less corrosion activity compared to them. The proposed detergent in terms of viscosity, lubricating action, pour point and flash point is close to standard engine oil, which allows the internal combustion engine to be flushed in the nominal operating mode.

Claims (1)

Detergent for cleaning an internal combustion engine based on C ₈ - or C ₉ -alkylphenol ethoxylates containing 10-12 ethoxyl groups and glycol derivatives, characterized in that di- and / or triethylene glycol and C ₂ - are used as glycol derivatives C ₄ - alkyl esters in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Ethoxylates of C ₈ or C ₉ alkylphenols, Containing 10-12 ethoxyl groups 25-50 Di- and / or triethylene glycol 30-65 C ₂ -C ₄ - alkyl esters of di- and / or triethylene glycol up to 100