RU2229785C2 - Bulk material sowing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: machine has body with dosing shutter and fertilizer guide. Trimmer with rocking mechanism is mounted under fertilizer guide. Rocking mechanism is made in the form of four-link member. Trimmer is composed of drive and driven drums embraced with endless belt, whose upper run is flexure pressed by pressing drum made in the form of roll with sides. Pressing drum is made grooved, with grooves being formed of chevron type and working protrusions being arranged in Archimedes' spiral diverging from mid portion of drum roll to both sides. Pressing drum is alternatively made in the form of roll with continuous surface. Pivotal four-link member includes crank fixed on drive reducer shaft. Connecting rod is pivotally attached with its one end to crank and is pivotally attached with its other end to rocker arm, whose other end is rigidly connected with rocking movable trimmer frame. Rocker arm is provided with set of openings for adjustment of trimmer rocking amplitude. Connecting rod has two stems with tightening member or two planks with mounting openings at ends to be joined. Planks are secured with one another by means of pair of fastening bolts. Additional rocking of trimmer with respect to vertical rocking axis causes bulk material particles to be uniformly distributed over sector transverse to machine advancement direction. EFFECT: increased efficiency and uniform distribution of bulk material over field surface. 7 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for the surface application of solid mineral fertilizers and ameliorants in the soil.

Known grain throwers containing an endless belt with squeezing disks located on its edges, forming a window on the surface of the belt for passing the transported material, and a feeding device, which is made in the form of a hinged reinforced nozzle driven in oscillatory motion in the direction of movement of the belt by an eccentric mechanism [1] ( analogue).

However, well-known grain throwers throw a stream of material at a certain angle to the horizon. Particles settle down from the jet onto the field surface and form a distribution diagram close in shape to the normal distribution curve. Moreover, the quality of the distribution of the material does not meet the agrotechnical requirements due to the high unevenness.

Known throwers of bulk materials, including a frame, an endless belt mounted on the leading and final drums, a pressure drum interacting with the belt, and an engine, the engine, pressure and driving drums having pulleys with different diameters, kinematically connected to each other by flexible coupling [2 ] (analog).

Known grain throwers with a pressure drum with an elastic cylindrical surface collect a bunch of ejected material in the middle part, which leads to a concentration of material in the middle of the ejected jet and increases the uneven distribution over the width of the grip. In addition, damage to the elastic tape along the sides of the drum due to alternating stresses during bending is possible.

Also known is a machine for sifting bulk materials, comprising a body with a sectional metering flap, a multi-channel divider of fertilizer flows in the form of parallel vertical plates placed over the entire body length over the underbody table, a wave-shaped window wall, fertilizer stabilizer, elastic scraper, slip guide and reflective plates mounted above centrifugal disks with blades, moreover, an annular plate is installed on the blades of each centrifugal disk, on which peripherally mounted additional blades, the length of which is less than the length of the disk blades [3] (prototype).

However, the known machine for sieving bulk materials has the following disadvantages:

a) centrifugal disk working bodies, ejecting a stream of material by the blades in the form of a fan, do not provide the desired distribution quality over the working width due to the high unevenness;

b) due to the fact that centrifugal disk working bodies are sensitive to the place of fertilizer supply, and the sieving sector is shifted to the left or to the right, the uneven distribution of bulk materials across the working width increases;

c) there is no possibility to change the working width during operation, for example, at the last pass of the machine along the edge of the field, where a working width less than the working one is needed (this is necessary to ensure ecology and material saving);

d) when processing the edge of the field, sometimes it becomes necessary to shift the sieving strip of the material either to the left or to the right relative to the longitudinal axis of the machine, but centrifugal disk machines do not provide this.

The objectives (goal) of the invention are to increase the uniformity of distribution of bulk materials, to obtain the ability to change the width of the capture and the direction of the sieving sector.

These tasks are achieved by the fact that in the machine for sieving bulk materials containing a body with a metering flap and a guide, a trimmer with a swing mechanism in the form of an articulated four-link is installed under the guide. The trimmer is composed of the driving and driven drums, covered by an endless tape, and the upper working branch of the tape with the deflection is pressed by a pressure drum. The pressure drum is made in the form of a coil with side sides and a corrugated surface. The corrugation of the coil is made either in the chevron type with the arrangement of spikes along the helix, or in the chevron type with the arrangement of the spikes along the Archimedean spiral formed from the middle of the coil, or in the simplest case, smooth. The hinged four-link includes a crank fixed to the shaft of the drive gearbox to which the connecting rod is pivotally connected at one end, and the other end of the connecting rod is pivotally connected to the balancer. The second end of the balancer is rigidly connected to the swinging movable frame of the trimmer. The balancer has a system of holes for adjusting the swing amplitude of the trimmer. The connecting rod can be made either in the form of two rods with a coupler, or of two slats with mounting holes on the abutting ends, fastened to each other by a pair of fixing bolts.

Figure 1 schematically shows a side view of a machine for sieving bulk materials; figure 2 is a view of figure 1; figure 3 shows a trimmer with a swing mechanism of its frame (increased); figure 4 is a view of B in figure 3; figure 5 shows the pressure drum with spikes along a helix; figure 6 - clamping drum with spikes along the Archimedean spiral; figure 7 - clamping smooth drum (without corrugation); on Fig given a section bb of the drums; figure 9 shows the balancer; figure 10 - connecting rod with a coupling nut; figure 11 is a composite connecting rod with a mounting bolt; in Fig.12 is a view of G in Fig.11.

The sifting machine for bulk materials contains a body 2 mounted on the chassis 1. At the bottom of the body 2 there is a feed conveyor 3, the traction member of which covers the leading 4 and the driven 5 tension sprockets. On the rear wall of the body 2 there is a metering shutter with a shutter opening mechanism. At the rear of the conveyor there is a guide 8. A fixed bracket 9 is rigidly fixed to the chassis 1 of the machine, and the movable frame 12 is mounted on the swing joints 10 and 11. The trimmer 13 is mounted on the frame 12. Trimmer 13 consists of an endless belt 14, dressed on a driving drum 15 and driven drum 16. The endless belt 14 is pressed with a deflection by the working pressure drum 17. The driving drum 15 is connected to the sprocket of the hydraulic motor 18 by means of a chain transmission 19. The hydraulic motor 18 is mounted on a movable frame 12. The swing mechanism of the trimmer is made in the form of a hinge a four-link 20, which includes a balancer 21, a connecting rod 22 and a crank 23. The four-link drive consists of a gear 24, a crank 23 and a chain gear 25 connected to the main gear 26, which is rigidly mounted on the chassis 1. The movable frame 12 is connected to the bracket 9 through springs 27 balancing inertial forces. The springs 27 are fixed at one end to the chassis 1 and at the other end to the movable frame 12 of the trimmer.

In one embodiment of the gearbox, a bevel gear is used, consisting of gears 28 and wheel 29. A crank 23 is rigidly fixed to the shaft of the wheel 29.

The connecting rod 22 may be made in the form of a front 30, a back 31 rods and a coupler 32. In another embodiment, the connecting rod may consist of a front 33, a back 34 slats with mounting holes and mounting bolts 35.

On the balancer 21, a system of holes 36, 37, 38 is made to adjust the swing amplitude of the trimmer. The pressure drums 17 may have a different design, and can be used both individually and in a set for one machine.

Common elements of the drum kit 17 are the central cylindrical part 39 and the side walls 40 and 41.

For example, one of the reels of the kit is made in the form of a corrugated coil with working protrusions 42 located along the helical line of the chevron type. Another of the drums is made in the form of a corrugated coil with working protrusions 43 with a chevron arrangement, and the protrusions are formed in an Archimedean spiral. The third drum is made in the form of a smooth coil 44.

Machine for sieving bulk materials is as follows.

The endless tape 14 of the trimmer 13 receives movement from the driving drum 15 by means of a chain transmission 19 from the sprocket of the hydraulic motor 18 mounted on a movable frame. The hydraulic motor 18 is powered by the hydraulic system of the tractor with which the machine is aggregated. The upper branch of the endless belt 14 bends under the pressure drum 17 in the gap between the leading 15 and the driven drum 16.

The articulated four-link 20 converts the rotational movement of the crank 23 by means of the connecting rod 22 into the swinging motion of the balancer 21. Since the balancer 21 is rigidly connected to the movable frame 12 of the trimmer 13, the trimmer makes a reciprocating motion together with the balancer 21. The crank 23 receives movement from the gear 24 chain gear 25 associated with the main gearbox 26.

Bulk material is carried out from the body 2 by the feed conveyor 3 through a window under the metering flap 6. The thickness of the material layer is controlled by the flap opening mechanism 7. Further, the bulk material through the guide 8 falls on a moving endless belt 14 in the area of the vertical axis of swing of the movable frame of the trimmer. The bulk material is carried away due to the friction forces arising from the action of the gravity of the material and centrifugal forces in the curved section of the belt under the pressure drum 17, acquires the necessary speed and takes off in the form of an expanding jet at a certain angle to the horizontal. During flight, a stream of material under the influence of gravity and air resistance settles on the surface of the field, while the outline of the stream is similar to a fan. In addition, the working ledges 42, 43 of the working pressure drum 17 contribute to the broadening of the angle of the fan of the jet 17. And, finally, as a result of the additional swing of the trimmer relative to the vertical axis of swing, the particles of bulk material are evenly distributed over the sector and the transverse direction relative to the movement of the machine.

The inertial forces arising from the swinging of the movable frame 12 of the trimmer are balanced by the springs 27. If necessary, the sieving width of the material is changed by selecting the desired size of the working length of the balancer 21, for which additional holes on the balancer itself serve.

Depending on specific conditions (strength and direction of the wind, field configuration, etc.), the sieving strip can be shifted to the left or right with respect to the longitudinal axis of the machine by changing the working length of the connecting rod 22 by means of a tie 32 or additional holes on the front 33 and rear 34 slats.

The protrusions of 42 or 43 corrugated coils contribute to the redistribution of material along the coil and ultimately expand the fan of the jet.

The proposed device allows to reduce the uneven distribution of material across the width of the grip due to the forced additional swing of the jet in the sieving sector, reducing the effect of segregation of the material. In addition, the proposed device allows you to get a positive effect by expanding the outgoing beam of the jet of material through the use of a set of pressure working drums having various forms of execution of corrugated protrusions. The proposed device allows to obtain an additional positive effect both by shifting the sieving strip to the left or right by changing the working length of the connecting rod, and by reducing or increasing the width of the grip by changing the working length of the balancer.

The economic effect of using one machine is approximately 62-68 thousand rubles per year. In addition, a higher quality of cultivated products is ensured, the process of applying bulk materials is environmentally friendly, and material is saved when working at the edge of the field and on headlands.

Sources of information

1. USSR author's certificate No. 204917, M.cl. B 65 G 31/02, publ. 01/05/68, Bull. Number 22.

2. Copyright certificate of the USSR No. 967916, M.cl. B 65 G 31/02, publ. 10/23/82, Bull. Number 39.

3. RF patent No. 1823784, M.cl. A 01 C 17/00, E 01 C 19/20, publ. 06/23/93, bull. Number 23.

Claims (7)

1. A machine for sieving bulk materials, comprising a body with a metering flap and a current guide under which a trimmer is installed, characterized in that the trimmer is made with a swing mechanism in the form of an articulated four-link, which includes a crank fixed to the drive gearbox to which it is pivotally connected one end of the connecting rod, the other end of the connecting rod pivotally connected to the balancer, while the second end of the balancer is rigidly connected to the swinging movable frame of the trimmer, which is made in the form of a leading and a driven bar Abans, covered by an endless ribbon, the upper branch of which is deflected by a pressure drum in the form of a coil with side sides. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure drum is made corrugated, and the corrugation is formed according to the chevron type, and the working protrusions are located along a helical line. 3. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure drum is made corrugated in the chevron type, and the working protrusions are located along the Archimedean spiral, diverging from the middle of the coil in both directions. 4. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure drum is made in the form of a smooth coil. 5. The machine according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the system of holes for adjusting the swing amplitude of the trimmer is made on the balancer. 6. The machine according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the connecting rod is made in the form of a lanyard. 7. The machine according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the connecting rod is made of two slats with mounting holes at the abutting ends, the slats being fastened to each other by a pair of fixing bolts.

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