RU2229446C1 - Method of treatment of electrolyte with electrical and magnetic fields and a device for the method realization - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electro-magnetic treatment of liquids in technological processes. SUBSTANCE: the invention presents a method of the electromagnetic treatment of liquids in technological processes, that may be used at purification of the additional water of the steam power plants, the water cooling turnaround systems and water used for the heat networks makeup. Action on an electrolyte is executed by a variable moving magnetic field, and an electric field is moved in the same direction in step with the magnetic field. The device contains a ferromagnetic stator with windings to form a rotating electromagnetic field, a fixed core located in the stator and forming there an annular cavity for electrolyte passing. On the butts of the annular cavity there are electrodes not isolated from then electrolyte and connected to the winding of the core, and inlet and outlet branch-pipes. The core winding is executed multiphase and serial, one of the electrodes is divided into the isolated lamellas according to the number of the winding phases, each of which is connected to the corresponding phase windings. The annular cavity is divided into separate chambers, each of which contains an additional branch-pipe for withdrawal of the concentrated electrolyte. The technical result will is increased efficiency of water demineralizations. EFFECT: the invention allows to increase efficiency of water demineralizations. 5 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the technology of magnetic treatment and demineralization of solutions of electrolytes and water and can be used for electromagnetic treatment (i.e., treatment with a magnetic field and electric current) of liquids in technological processes, in particular, for wastewater treatment in various fields of industry (power engineering, chemical industry, engineering), for example, in the treatment of additional water from steam-powered plants, reverse cooling systems and make-up water for heating networks.

Magnetic treatment of water systems changes a number of physical and physico-chemical characteristics of the latter (dielectric constant, viscosity, magnetic susceptibility, conductivity, etc.). The use of magnetic water treatment is mainly known for removing oxides of turbine condensate of supercritical pressure power plants, in the preparation of makeup water for heating networks and for the treatment of highly mineralized, including sea water, before distillation.

A number of technologies also envisage the use of devices in which deionization of impurities occurs under the influence of an electric current in the near-electrode zones, which leads to the removal of the supersaturation of the solution with slightly soluble salts and, as a result, to a decrease in water hardness due to precipitation.

So, in US patent No. 5603843 (IPC ⁷ : C 02 F 1/48, published in ISM No. 3, 1998) describes the process of removing the supersaturation of water under the influence of electric current, which causes precipitation of poorly soluble impurities present in water .

A similar effect that occurs during water treatment is described in Russian patent No. 21377721 (IPC ⁷ : C 02 F 5/00, published in BI No. 26, 1999), where water treatment is used at a load not exceeding the voltage value disintegration of the working environment. Hardness salts are deposited on the electrodes of the electrolysis device and gases are released. The sediment accumulated in the device is discharged to the outside.

These technical solutions have a common drawback - the solution processing technology described in them has a strictly narrow focus - partial softening of water, that is, the removal of excess hardness salts from it, which are undesirable due to the formation of a scale layer on the surfaces of heat exchangers. With this treatment, there is no deep purification of water, involving the separation of ions of salts dissolved in water.

In some cases, a combination of the effects of a magnetic field and an electric current on an aqueous solution is used.

So, in PCT application 92/06042 (IPC ⁷ : C 02 F 1/48, published in ISM No. 8, 1993), using two magnetic systems mounted on a pipeline through which water flows, the latter is affected as magnetic field and electric current.

A similar solution was used in US patent No. 5616250 (MPK ⁷ : C 02 F 1/48, published in ISM No. 5, 1998), where the liquid during processing passes through a section equipped with a winding that induces an electromagnetic field that acts per stream.

As a result of the influence of two factors on the water system - the magnetic field and electric current, the decrease in its rigidity is further enhanced, but, like in the previous two technical solutions, the ions of salts that are dissolved in water also do not separate. At the same time, softening of hard water is an extremely important problem in many areas of the national economy, especially in the power system, where the fight against scale is very relevant, and requirements for modern water treatment technologies require much deeper softening and effective desalination.

Known methods and devices in which the deep purification of water systems is based on the use of the phenomenon of interaction of charged particles (ions and fine charged impurities) with a magnetic field directed so that they are removed from the water system. The mechanism of interaction of electric charges with a magnetic field is determined by the Lorentz force, which is described by the formula:

F _L = V · B · Q · sin α,

where F _L is the Lorentz force,

V is the velocity of the charged particle (ion) relative to the magnetic field,

B - magnetic field induction,

Q is the particle charge,

α is the angle between vectors B and V.

Thus, a device is known whose functioning is based on the combined action of a solution of magnetic and electric fields in combination with a tangential flow inlet into a cylindrical chamber (French patent No. 2629447, IPC ⁷ : C 02 F 1/48, published in ISM No. 4, 1990 g.).

The disadvantage of this device is that the turbulence of the high-speed flow significantly violates the directional movement of ions, which is why the efficiency of such a device is low.

More effective devices for magnetic processing of liquids, which use the relative motion of the magnetic flux and the treated solution. So, it is known a device in which demineralization or desalination of a solution is carried out under the action of the Lorentz force in a magnetic field, which is created by rotating the chamber (AS No. 1428709, IPC ⁷ : C 02 F 1/48, published in BI No. 37, 1988 g.).

However, selective mass transfer, assuming the presence of rotating masses, significantly complicates the design and reduces its reliability.

Based on the principle of rotation of the magnetic system, the device described in A.S. No. 1820899 (IPC ⁷ : C 02 F 1/48, published in BI No. 21, 1993). The treated solution is exposed to a magnetic field created by the rotation of the solenoid. The magnetic field initiates the action of Lorentz forces on the particles, which shift them toward concentric chambers. The solution enters the chamber through partitions (membranes). The presence of membranes contributes to the appearance of reverse osmosis, which increases the efficiency of desalination of the solution, but the membranes become clogged, which reduces the reliability of the device. In this device, as in the above, there is no separation of the solution into ions and excretion of the latter.

Closest to the proposed one is a method of treating an electrolyte with an electric and magnetic field, including exposure to an electrolyte of mutually perpendicular variables and synchronously changing magnetic and electric fields (AS No. 1608136, IPC ⁷ : C 02 F 1/48, published in BI No. 43, 1990). In a known solution, the direction of the electric current changes synchronously with the change in the magnetic field vector. A phase shifter is used to ensure that the magnetic and electric fields are in phase.

In the method described above, the polarization of the electrodes is eliminated, however, due to the low speed of movement of ions in the volume of the solution remote from the electrodes, the processing speed of the solution (the rate of redistribution of concentration) is small, which limits the performance of the method. These disadvantages reduce the possibility of using the known method in industrial devices, limiting the scope of the latter.

Closest to the proposed device is a device for magnetic processing of electrolyte containing a ferromagnetic stator with windings to create a rotating electromagnetic field and placed in the stator cavity with the formation of an annular cavity for passage of electrolyte, a stationary core, while the stator and core are made with grooves in which the windings are located isolated from the processed electrolyte, and electrically connected to the processed electrolyte are installed on the ends of the annular cavity Electrode connected to the winding core, and connections, and summing the processed exhaust processed electrolyte (Russian patent № 2127229, IPC ^7: C 02 F 1/48, published in BI № 7, 1999 g..). The core is equipped with a three-phase multi-turn winding. To obtain maximum EMF at the ends of the winding, the core is fixed. The fluid container is formed by parts of the sealed and electrically insulated stator and core.

A disadvantage of the known device, as well as the majority of magnetic fluid processing devices, is that the efficiency of processing the liquid (water) is insufficient. In these devices does not occur any intense release of ions from the solution.

The technical result expected from the use of the invention is to increase the efficiency of magnetic processing and demineralization processes while simplifying and cheapening the method and device for its implementation, which will allow the use of the proposed technical solution in industry.

This result is achieved by the fact that in the method of treating an electrolyte with an electric and magnetic field, including exposure to an electrolyte of mutually perpendicular variables and synchronously changing electric and moving magnetic fields, the electrolyte is exposed to a moving electric field, and the instantaneous speeds of the electric and magnetic fields are maintained equal size and direction.

The indicated result is also achieved by the fact that in the device for processing the electrolyte with an electric and magnetic field containing a ferromagnetic stator with a winding and a fixed core with a winding placed in it with the formation of an electrolyte cavity, as well as electrodes and nozzles connected to the core winding and located in the cavity for summing up the treated and discharge of the treated electrolyte, one of the electrodes is divided by the number of phases of the core winding into lamellas isolated from each other, each of which is connected It is connected to the corresponding phase windings of the core, and the cavity is divided by sealed electrically insulating partitions into separate chambers, each of which contains nozzles for summing the processed and discharge of the treated electrolyte and an additional nozzle for removing the brine.

In this case, the number of cavity chambers is less than or equal to the number of lamellas that are evenly distributed along the perimeter of the cavity.

In addition, the core winding is made multiphase, according to the number of grooves in the core.

And finally, the cavity can be made annular.

The invention is illustrated in figures 1-6. Figure 1 schematically shows a device for implementing the method (electrolyte separation); figure 2 - connection diagram of the core windings in expanded form; figure 3 - diagram of the chamber and the distribution of ions in it; figure 4 - diagram of the serial connection of the chambers to increase the depth of purification of the solution; 5 is a diagram of a series connection of chambers to increase the concentration of brine; 6 is an example of a linear device for separating electrolyte.

The proposed device (figure 1) contains a stator 1, in the grooves 2 of which are located, for example, three-phase windings 3, with which a rotating magnetic field is created. In the stator cavity there is a lined core (fixed rotor) 4, in the grooves 5 of which are multiphase windings 6 connected in series, similar to the windings of a collector motor. The device also contains an upper electrode 7 and a lower electrode 8, made in the form of a continuous ring (plate). The phase outputs of the multiphase winding 6 are connected to the lamellae 9 (figure 2) forming the electrode 7. The connection diagram of the core windings (rotor) is shown in expanded form in figure 2.

The annular cavity (working capacity) 10 is formed by the gap between the stator 1 and the core (rotor) 4, the surfaces of which are sealed and electrically isolated by one of the known methods (compound, varnish, gluing, etc.). The annular cavity 10 is divided by sealed partitions 11 of insulating material into separate working chambers 12. The chambers 12 are closed by the upper 13 and lower 14 lids. In the upper cover 13 there are inlet pipes 15, united by a common intake manifold 16, through which the source water enters. In the bottom cover 14, each of the chambers 12 is equipped with two nozzles 17 and 19 (Figs. 1, 6) located near the partitions 11. The first group of drainage nozzles 17 is connected by a drainage collector 18. From the second group of nozzles 19, purified water enters a common pipe 20.

The circuit of the chamber 12 and the distribution of ions in it are shown in FIG. The inlet pipe 15 is equipped with a switchgear (not shown in the diagram), with which the laminarity of the flow in the chamber is ensured. A saline solution (brine) is discharged through the lower nozzles 17, and a filtrate (purified liquid) is discharged through the nozzles 19. In the upper part of the chamber 12 there are lamellas 9 of the upper electrode 7, in the lower part - the lower electrode 8. The letters A, B, C denote the directions of the Lorentz forces, electric field forces, and magnetic field motion relative to the chamber 12, respectively.

The diagram shows the instantaneous directions of action of the electric field forces, however, due to the synchronization of changes in the direction of the current and the magnetic field, the Lorentz forces have a constant direction, which ensures the redistribution of the concentration of impurities in the chamber 12.

The maximum EMF is induced on diametrically opposite lamellas 9, which leads to the formation of an electric circuit that includes two sections of the processed fluid (in Fig. 2 they are indicated by a dotted line and are indicated by R _p ).

The connection sequence of the working chambers 12 can be varied to increase both the cleaning depth and the concentration of brine. So, figure 4 shows the option of connecting cameras 12 to increase the depth of purification of the filtrate, and figure 5 - to increase the concentration of brine. The letters P, P, F in FIGS. 4, 5 indicate the initial (source) water, brine and filtrate (purified water), respectively. At the same time, arrow G indicates the operation of supplying the source water to be purified, arrow D is the discharge of brine to a drainage concentrator, arrow E is the discharge of purified water (filtrate), arrow Zh is the discharge of concentrated brine, arrow Z is the drainage of water for additional treatment or drainage. .

According to FIG. 4, the filtrate from the previous chamber 12 is introduced into each subsequent chamber 12. The recovered filtrate from the last chamber 12 (shown by arrow E), which has undergone repeated processing, is characterized by a high cleaning depth.

The diagram in figure 5 shows the sequence of passage of the brine from one working chamber 12 to another until it reaches a high degree of concentration. Such options for connecting the working chambers 12 can be implemented with one device or with several. If it is necessary to process significant masses of liquid, when high productivity is required, it is advisable to sequentially connect the chambers 12 of several devices.

The implementation of the method will consider the example of the device.

The method is based on the influence on the electrolyte of an alternating moving magnetic field and an electric field synchronous with it, which moves in the same direction, as a result of which the magnetic field initiates the emergence of Lorentz forces, which, in interaction with unidirectional forces of the electric field, enhance the degree of separation and speed the movement of charged particles (ionic impurities) in the volume of the solution remote from the electrodes, which increases the productivity of the process and makes it possible to deeply purification of aqueous solutions.

In the proposed device, highly effective desalination of water systems is achieved through the use of a multiphase winding 6, separation of the electrode 7 into lamellas 9 and optimization of their connections with the phases of the winding 6, as well as supplementing the annular cavity of the device with partitions 11. As a result, at the separation points of each of the phases that are connected to lamellas 9, an EMF is created that moves synchronously with the magnetic field and determines the presence of currents in the electrolyte, the phase shift of which ensures maximum interaction of magnesium in each chamber 12 field with migrating ions. This increases the speed of movement of charged particles and, as a result, enhances the degree of separation.

The combined effect on the electrolyte of synchronously changing magnetic and electric fields, the vectors of which are mutually perpendicular, always determines the one-sided orientation of the Lorentz forces in the electrolyte, which leads to its separation into purified liquid and brine. But such a synchronization of the interaction of both fields is not enough to ensure a high rate of ion redistribution. Giving the magnetic field speed relative to the treated solution makes it possible to intensify the rate of migration of charged particles in a volume of liquid that is remote from the electrodes. This is due to the fact that the Lorentz forces induced by the moving magnetic field are constant in the direction due to the fact that the electric field is synchronous with the magnetic field and also moves in the same direction, as a result of which the speed of the movement of charged particles not only in the near-electrode zones, but and throughout the volume of the solution.

The separation of the annular cavity 10 by vertical sealed and electrically insulating partitions 11 into a number of chambers 12 (the number of which may, for example, be a multiple of the number of phases of the stator 1) ensures the creation of currents in each of the chambers 12, synchronous with a change in the magnetic induction vector. When the magnetic induction vector is perpendicular to the flow of the treated water and its movement perpendicular to the electric current induced in this flow, a zone of increased concentration of solution is formed on one side of the partition 11, which is discharged in the form of a brine. The shift of the charged particles in the direction of movement of the magnetic field (through the nozzles 17 to the collector 18) leads to a decrease in their concentration in the opposite part of the chamber (through the nozzles 19 to the pipeline 20).

When connecting the stator winding 3 to a three-phase current source, an alternating magnetic flux (magnetic field) is induced, which generates an EMF variable synchronized with the magnetic field in the winding 6 of the core 4 and in the liquid located in the annular cavity 10. Due to the connection of each phase of the winding 6 of the core 4 to the corresponding lamellae 9, an EMF is generated at the phase separation points, which moves synchronously with the magnetic field. The laminar flow of the processed fluid is perpendicular to the magnetic field. The simultaneous influence of the magnetic and electric fields on the electrolyte, whose vectors change synchronously and whose movement is directed in one direction, determine the one-sided orientation of the Lorentz forces in the electrolyte, which leads to its separation into a purified liquid and brine. In this case, the speed of the movement of charged particles in the volume of liquid distant from the electrodes is intensified. In each chamber 12, currents are created synchronous with a change in the magnetic induction vector, which are crossed by a moving magnetic field. When the magnetic induction vector is perpendicular to the flow of the treated water and its movement perpendicular to the electric current brought in this stream, a zone of increased concentration of solution is formed on one side of the partition 11, which is discharged in the form of a brine. Charged particles are shifted in the direction of movement of the magnetic field (to the drainage pipe 17), which leads to a decrease in their concentration in the opposite part of the chamber 12 (main pipe 19).

As a result of the redistribution of the concentrations of impurities throughout the volume of the chamber 12, through the drainage pipes 17, the selected impurities are discharged into the drainage collector 18, and the purified water through the main pipes 19 enters the common pipeline 20.

It should be noted that rotation of a magnetic field at a speed of up to 50 m / s (at an industrial frequency of 50 Hz) leads to the appearance of Lorentz forces acting on charged particles that move under the influence of an electric field. Due to this, the rate of migration of ions in the volume of the solution remote from the electrodes increases, which ensures an increase in the speed and efficiency of the distribution of impurities. Increasing the frequency to 400-500 Hz will increase the relative speed of the magnetic field to 400-500 m / s.

More rational from the point of view of saving metal and the use of production space can be a linear design of the device, a diagram of which is shown in Fig.6. This design simplifies the connection of individual devices into blocks, and the active core 4 can be one for the entire block, and the slats 9 of the upper electrode 7 of each of the devices that enter the block are connected in parallel.

Claims (5)

1. A method of treating an electrolyte with an electric and magnetic field, including the action on the electrolyte of mutually perpendicular variables and synchronously changing electric and moving magnetic fields, characterized in that the effect on the electrolyte is carried out by a moving electric field, and the instantaneous speeds of the electric and magnetic fields are maintained equal in magnitude and direction. 2. A device for treating an electrolyte with an electric and magnetic field, containing a ferromagnetic stator with a winding and a fixed core with a winding placed in it with the formation of an electrolyte cavity, as well as electrodes and nozzles connected to the core winding and located in the cavity for supplying the processed and discharge of the treated electrolyte characterized in that one of the electrodes is divided by the number of phases of the core winding into lamellas isolated from each other, each of which is connected to the corresponding the main windings of the core, and the cavity is divided by sealed electrically insulating partitions into separate chambers, each of which contains nozzles for summing the processed and discharge of the treated electrolyte and an additional nozzle for removing the electrolyte. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the number of cavity chambers is less than or equal to the number of lamellas that are evenly distributed around the perimeter of the cavity. 4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the core winding is made multiphase, according to the number of core grooves. 5. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the cavity is circular.

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