RU2228320C2 - Method for processing solid household waste - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biotechnology. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods for utilization of solid household waste and can be used in processing municipal waste, utilization of household trash. Method involves preparing compost from solid household waste, compost-containing bed, it colonization with worms and providing conditions for vital activity and multiplication of worms by parameters of temperature, humidity and aeration of compost. Then the compost layer is grown to provide migration of worms up as processing compost by worms and the processed lower layer is removed. Processing waste is carrying out in expanding to the bottom bunker and aeration of compost is carried out on deep up to 200 cm providing the optimal ratio of biohumus and fodders in outlet. Invention provides enhancing the output of process for processing organic part of solid household waste. EFFECT: improved processing method.

Description

The present invention relates to the field of biotechnology, and in particular to methods for the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW), and may find application in the processing of municipal waste, the disposal of household waste.

For recycling, vermicomposting is widely used - composting using earthworms. At the same time, animal protein and a valuable organic fertilizer - vermicompost are obtained [1].

Usually vermicomposting is carried out in pits, crates, collars, etc. [2].

There is a method of preparing organic fertilizer from waste [3], in which a portion of the waste is populated with worms and its first horizontal layer is placed. The substrate is watered daily with water, as the worms process the waste, new layers of waste are added on top, and after the accumulation of the required amount of fertilizer, the worms are taken from it. Before the formation of the first horizontal layer, a layer of organic filler permeable to water and air is poured, after the formation of the first horizontal layer, air is supplied upward from the bottom of the organic filler and water passing through the organic filler is removed from below.

The closest analogue is a method of processing organic waste into vermicompost [4] using a red California worm. The method consists in preparing compost from organic waste, forming a bed of compost with its settlement by worms. At the same time, the layer necessary for the migration of the worms is gradually added by adding compost directly to the surface layer while preserving the bed until the period of field maturation of the worms emerging from cocoons deposited in the bed and complete migration of both old and young worms from the initial layer, only completely processed bottom layer. The method is carried out at the installation, which includes a multi-tiered rack with vertical racks, the tiers of which are equipped with pallets, which serve as the basis for lodges with compost worms. Vertical racks are equipped with guides for installing additional pallets to form new lodges inhabited by worms.

The disadvantages of these methods are:

1. Limited performance. The methods are designed for small farms and seasonal work only in the warm period.

2. The inability to automate production. Its implementation is possible only with the use of manual labor.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a method that allows to solve the problem of processing the organic part of municipal solid waste in settlements. An increase in the productivity of the method to 200 tons of waste per day requires qualitatively new approaches to organizing the production process. The process should be technologically advanced, provide full automation, minimize manual labor.

The problem is achieved in that in the known method, including the preparation of compost from solid household waste, the formation of a bed of compost with the population of its worms is carried out in a hopper that extends downward, and compost aeration is performed at a depth of at least 200 cm.

At the same time, the conditions for the life and reproduction of the worms in terms of temperature, humidity and aeration of the compost are provided, the compost layer is built up to ensure that the worms migrate upward as they compost, and the processed lower layer is removed.

The method is as follows:

1. solid household waste, subjected to separation, biothermal treatment, is placed in a cultivator - a bunker, with a working area of 630 m ² , expanding below, 5 meters high, width - 7 m above, 8 m below, 90 m long. Expansion at the bottom of the hopper prevents biohumus compaction. The height of the hopper is determined by the standard dimensions of the workshops; at this height, the aeration depth of 200 cm ensures the highest speed of compost passing through the hopper and the optimal ratio of biohumus and feed output;

2. in the lower part of the cultivator, on one side, there is a discharge gap 1 m high;

3. to a depth of 200 cm, air is periodically supplied through diffusing aerators;

4. in the upper (active) layer - 0-200 cm - the worms are populated. The latter processes the waste into compost within 10-14 days, after which the compost falls into the lower horizons and matures. At the same time, fry hatch from cocoons in it and rise into the upper active layer;

5. from the bottom of the apparatus, the finished biohumus is removed using a mobile screw mounted on a rail trolley. In this case, the entire layer is lowered. A new layer of waste is poured onto the vacated space.

The installation volume is 3375 m ³ , the incoming amount of waste is 0.2 m ³ (0.16 t) per 1 m ² per day, the finished product is 80-100 kg per 1 m ² per day.

The proposed method allows to process municipal waste, utilize household waste and receive organic fertilizers and protein feed.

The work was carried out with the support of the NTP "State support for the regional scientific and technical policy of the Higher School and the development of its potential", project No. 477.

Sources of information

1. Paes J., Csonka L., Pusas F. Szakaszem gilisztenyesztes [Production of vermicompost using earthworms] // P-30381, 1989, 33 (7).

2. Derevyagin V.A., Derevyagin R.N., Kravchenko M.E. Processing of organic raw materials // Chemicalization of agricultural, 1989, No. 7, p.25-27.

3. Patent No. 2092469, C 05 F 3/06, A 01 K 67/033, 1992.

4. RF patent No. 2108998, C 05 F 11/00, 11/06, 3/00, 3/06, A 01 K 67/033, 1998

Claims (1)

A method for processing solid household waste, including composting from solid household waste, forming a bed of compost with its population of worms, ensuring the living conditions and propagation of the worms in terms of temperature, humidity and aeration of the compost, building up the compost layer to ensure that the worms migrate upwards as they are processed compost, removal of the processed bottom layer, characterized in that the waste is recycled in a hopper that extends downward, and compost aeration is performed on bin to 200 cm, providing optimum output ratio vermicompost and feedstuffs.