RU2228318C1 - Method for preparing organic fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, fertilizers. SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in manufacturing organic fertilizers used for feeding up agricultural crops with mineral nutrition in their cultivation in irrigates and non-irrigated farming with the required productivity. Method involves treatment of animal excretions and their neutralization. Avian dung after decomposition for two years, pig excretions after decomposition for four years, lay under and cattle excretion after decomposition for two years are milled for fractions and separated. Milled fractions are mixed with licorice roots and rhizomes grist in processing for viscous and dry extracts. Then mixture is disinfected from pathogenic microorganisms with bischofite brine in the dose 100-200 l with density 1.2-1.4 t/t/m³ for each ton. Mixture is dried up to moisture 16-22% and ground phosphorites with moisture 1.5-4.5% are added in intensive mixing. Invention provides reducing cost of fertilizers in high content of all available and assimilable elements. EFFECT: improved preparing method. 2 cl, 8 tbl

Description

The invention relates to methods for the production of organic fertilizers using waste products from extracts of licorice root, decomposition products of animal excreta, natural mineral resources in the form of phosphorites and brine of bischofite mineral for feeding agricultural crops with mineral nutrition for cultivation with a given productivity.

A known method of preparing organic fertilizer and feed from bird droppings, in which, in order to reduce the cost of dehydration of the material and reduce the consumption of caustic potassium, bird droppings are heated and partially dehydrated in the flow of gaseous coolant, anhydrous phosphates are introduced into it, and before passing gases and water vapor through a layer of caustic potassium, the latter is condensed; as a gaseous coolant, air is used, heated to 310-350K, which is passed at a speed of 1.5-3.5 m / s; anhydrous phosphates are introduced in an amount of 5-15% of the weight of the litter (SU, copyright certificate 627111, Mcl ³ C 05 F 3/00, A 23 K 1/175. Method for the preparation of organic fertilizer and bird droppings / I.K. .Evdokimenko, II.Ivko, V.I. Kovalenko, V.E. Lozheshnik (USSR) .- Application 2181877 / 30-15; Stated 10/10/1975; Publ. 05/10/1978, Bull. 37 // Discovery. Inventions - 1978.- 37).

The disadvantages of this method of preparation of fertilizer include its high cost and the absence of trace elements in it. The high cost of each ton of fertilizer is dictated by the need for a complex and expensive installation and energy. This bird droppings fertilizer is of little use in agriculture.

There is also a method of producing fertilizer from the solid fraction of pig manure, peat and mineral additives, in which, in order to improve physicochemical properties, the solid fraction of pig manure with a moisture content of 70-82% in an amount of 47-57% is pre-treated with a 35-37% formaldehyde solution in an amount of 3-5% of the dry weight of pork manure, mixed with peat in an amount of 31.1-41.1% and a mineral additive in an amount of 10-20%, then the whole mixture is treated with 20 ammonia water, after which the mass with humidity 53 -63% granulated and dried (SU, copyright witness country 844614, M.cl ³ C 05 F 3/00. A method for producing fertilizer from the solid fraction of pig manure / L. M. Monogova, K. V. Ryazhentsev, N. G. Antonova and N. A. Suslova (USSR) Bull 25 // Discoveries. Inventions - 1981. - 25).

The disadvantages of this fertilizer include the high cost, high energy and labor costs, as well as the low content of the main mineral nutrition components (N, P, K) in the fertilizer produced, which are necessary for growing and forming the crop.

There is also known a method of producing granular mineral fertilizers by spraying an exhaust solution of caprolactam production into a fluidized bed of ammonium sulfate granules, in which, in order to increase the yield of nitrogen in the finished product and increase the strength of the granules, the exhaust solution is preheated to 100-110 ° C and mixed with 40- 60% solution of ammonium nitrate in a ratio of 1: (0.5-2), and spraying is carried out at an air temperature of 100-130 ° C (SU, copyright certificate 950705, Mcl ³ C 05 C 3/00. Method obtaining granular mineral fertilizers / L.N. Ovchinnikov, S.V. Fedosov, S.G. Shirokov, V.N. Kiselnikov and V.A. Kruglov (USSR) - Application 2962279 / 23-26; Stated July 25, 1980; Publisher 08/15/1982, Bull. 30 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1982. - 30).

The disadvantages of this mineral fertilizer include the high cost and the presence of a complex and expensive production line.

The closest analogue to the claimed invention relates to a method for producing organic fertilizer, including processing animal excreta with mineral acids, followed by neutralization, in which, in order to obtain liquid fertilizer with a high content of organic nitrogen-containing compounds, animal excretions are mixed with water, treated with mineral acids to pH 0.1- 2.0, incubated for 2-12 hours at normal temperature and pressure, then subjected to decomposition for 24-60 hours, the resulting liquid phase is separated from the non-solution solid substances, the pH is adjusted to 5.0-6.2 by the addition of the main substance, and upon completion of neutralization, the precipitate formed is separated; to obtain the initial aqueous phase take equal amounts of water and solid emissions; bird excrement is taken as animal excreta, mainly chicken manure; bird manure is taken in a mixture with solid and / or liquid excretions of other animals; mix animal excretion with water for 5-6 hours; rough foreign bodies are separated from the mixture of animal excretions with water before exposure to mineral acids; the gases formed when mixing animal excretions with water are removed by introducing air into said mixture; oxide, hydroxide or calcium carbonate are taken as the main substance; after the addition of the basic substance, the precipitate is separated by centrifugation; choose an initial solids content of the aqueous phase such that the solids content in the final product is 4.0 wt.% (SU, patent 871733, M. cl. ³ C 05 F 3/00. Method for the production of organic fertilizer / Beat Paul Kratzer ( Switzerland) .- Application 1961455 / 30-15; Stated 09/25/1973. Publish. 10/07/1981. Bul. 37 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1981. - 37).

Despite the wide functionality of this method, the resulting liquid fertilizer can be applied only by hydrofeed sprinklers. The shelf life of this fertilizer is organic. It is economically unprofitable to transport 80-90% of water in this fertilizer.

The invention consists in the following.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is the production of solid fertilizers with a high content of organic nitrogen-containing compounds and phosphorus, as well as fertilizer full of trace elements.

The technical result is a reduction in the cost of fertilizers, an increase in fibrous, organic impurities to preserve the fertility of the soil and the productivity of cultivated crops.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of preparing organic fertilizer, including processing of animal excretions and neutralizing them, according to the invention, two-year-old poultry manure, four-year decomposition and litter of pigs, litter, litter and cattle of two-year decomposition are crushed into fractions, they are separated, mixed with licorice root meal during processing into thick and dry extracts, then the mixture is disinfected from pathogenic microorganisms bischofite straw at the rate of 100-200 l with a density of 1.2-1.4 t / m ³ for each ton, the mixture is dried to a moisture content of 16-22% and crushed phosphorites with a moisture content of 1.5-4.5% are introduced into it with intensive mixing ; fertilizer is prepared in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%:

Bird droppings of two-year decomposition 10-15

Litter of pork four-year decomposition 10-15

Cattle litter and excretion

two-year decomposition 30-35

Meal of roots and rhizomes of licorice bare 15-20

Bischofite (brine) 2.5-5.0

Ground phosphorites

Due to the fact that the fertilizer contains organic components, and mineral fertilizers and trace elements are in it in an assimilable and accessible form, the above technical result is achieved.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed method of preparation of fertilizers are as follows.

A method of preparing organic fertilizer involves the processing of excreta and litters of animals and their subsequent neutralization. The organic components of the fertilizer used were four-year decomposition of bird droppings in vivo, four-year decomposition of pigs and litter, litter, two-year decomposition of cattle and cattle, and meal of roots and rhizomes of licorice naked after extraction on thick and dry extracts.

The described components are mechanically crushed on crushers to obtain the required sizes in each fraction. Foreign impurities such as stones, pieces of bricks, wood inclusions, pieces of slate and roofing, knitting wire and twine, metal parts from the manure conveyor, milking and other installations are removed through a sieve mill and magnetic trap. The crushed fractions are first separated, and then intensively mixed, achieving a homogeneous mixture. To disinfect the components of organic fertilizer from pathogenic microorganisms, 100 to 200 l of brine of a natural mineral sulfate bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O with a density of 1.20-1.40 t / m ³ for each ton of the organic mixture are added. The mixture is stirred vigorously. The composition of the samples of the bischofite leach brine extracted in the fields of the Volgograd region in salt form is shown in table 1.

Analysis of samples of bischofite leach brines with a mineralization level from 280 to 340 g / l is shown in table 2. The content of macro- and microelements in bischofite brine is shown in table 3. The composition of bischofite brine mined in the city of Volgograd is presented in table 4.

The data presented indicate that not only pathogens are destroyed in the components of the obtained fertilizer, but it is also saturated with microelements. Moreover, the latter are in an assimilable form for all plant species. Magnesium chloride MgCl ₂ provides neutralization of the mixture to a pH of 6.2-6.6 environment and helps to preserve all organic compounds that are nitrogen carriers in the fertilizer. The mixture is dried to a moisture content of 16-22%. Meal of roots and rhizomes of licorice licorice and crushed phosphates is introduced into it; moisture content is 1.5-4.5% with intensive mixing. Reserves of phosphorites in the Volgograd region are estimated by geologists as billions of tons. The largest reserves of phosphorites are located near the city of Kamyshin, Volgograd region and the river Ilovlya in the Ilovlinsky district. The chemical composition of phosphorites mined in the Trekhostrovsky deposit is given in table 5. The content of double superphosphate (P ₂ O ₅ ) ranges from 7.40 to 11.70%.

Fertilizer is prepared in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%:

Bird droppings of two-year decomposition 10-15

Litter of pork four-year decomposition 10-15

Cattle litter and excretion

two-year decomposition 30-35

Meal of roots and rhizomes of licorice bare 15-20

Bischofite (brine) 2.5-5.0

Ground phosphorites. The rest.

The introduced nutrients in the soil with 10 tons of the proposed fertilizer are shown in table 6. The chemical analysis of the fertilizer is presented in table 7. The effectiveness of the proposed fertilizer was tested in the farms of the Volgograd region in the period from 1999 to 2001. When cultivating spring barley of variety Donetsk 8 in the conditions of the Danilovsky district (see table 8) and the Mikhailovsky district of the Volgograd region, the yield increase is 36-42%. It should be noted that in the fields with fertilizers, the humus content did not decrease. This is facilitated by the fibrous materials of the meal of the roots and rhizomes of licorice and Ural licorice.

Claims (2)

1. The method of preparation of organic fertilizer, including the processing of animal excretions and their neutralization, characterized in that the bird droppings of two-year decomposition, isolation and litter of pigs of four-year decomposition, litter and allocation of cattle of two-year decomposition are crushed and separated, mixed with root meal and licorice rhizomes when processing into thick and dry extracts, then the mixture is disinfected from pathogenic microorganisms with bischofite brine at the rate of 100-200 l with a density of 1.2-1.4 t / m ³ each ton, the mixture is dried to a moisture content of 16-22% and crushed phosphorites with a moisture content of 1.5-4.5% are introduced into it with vigorous mixing. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fertilizer is prepared in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%: Bird droppings of two-year decomposition 10-15 Four-year decomposition of 10-15 pigs Cattle litter and excretion two-year decomposition 30-35 Meal of roots and rhizomes of licorice bare 15-20 Bischofite (brine) 2.5-5.0 Ground phosphorites