RU2226419C1 - Centrifugal type device for purification of liquid from dispersible impurities - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemical and textile industries. SUBSTANCE: the invention presents a centrifugal type device for purification of liquids from dispersible impurities. The invention is pertinent to the devices used for realization of processes of purification of sewage and other liquids containing dispersible impurities and may be applied in the textile, chemical and other branches of industry. The device contains a body, a cone-shaped filtering surface with a system of its coercive rotation, a system of a liquid supply, collection and unloading with branch pipes. The filtering surface additionally has two concentrically installed cone-shaped surfaces with increasing in 1.2 1.5 times angles at an apex of each of the cones as compared with a previous stage and with sizes of their filtrating holes changing from a cone to a cone in a ratio of 1000:100:1 in a direction from the cones rotational axis to peripherals. An internal cone stage is perforated, an intermediate stage is made in the form of a microfilter, an external stage is an ultrafilter. The system of unloading of each cone has feedback with the supply system through a pipeline. Technical result is an increase of a surface of separation and improved selective capacity of the device. EFFECT: increase of the surface of separation, improvement of the device selective capacity. 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for the implementation of wastewater and other liquids containing dispersed impurities, and can be used in textile, chemical and other industries.

Known filter centrifuges [1, 2] used to separate suspensions when requiring deep dehydration and a high degree of washing of the precipitate, as well as for squeezing non-flowing materials, the pores of which are wholly or partially filled with liquid. Their design contains single cylindrical or conical rotors with sediment transportation from the top of the cone to its base and with filtration through pore openings with constant parameters.

The disadvantages of these devices are low productivity due to the fast clogging of their filter surface.

As a prototype, a device [3] was selected for purifying liquid from fibrous inclusions, consisting of a radial power system, a rotating single conical perforated cone, and a system for removing purified liquid.

The disadvantages of this device are its low selectivity, due to the conservatism of the geometric characteristics of the filter surface, the low productivity of the liquid cleaning process due to the movement of the liquid being cleaned only in the radial direction, the low coefficient of useful time due to the clogging of the filter surface in the absence of conditions for its self-cleaning.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the separation surface and increase the selectivity of the filter surface due to the concentric connection of filter elements oriented to phase separation with different relative dispersion of the solid phase, increase productivity and useful time coefficient by using an axial power system and create self-cleaning conditions for the filter surface.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a centrifugal type device for purifying liquid from dispersed impurities, comprising a housing, a cone-shaped filter surface, a drive system for its forced rotation, a power supply, collection and drainage system with nozzles, according to the invention, two concentric additionally are installed in the filter surface conical surfaces with angles increasing depending on the composition and density of the treated solution by 1.2 ... 1.5 times at the apex of each of the cones from relative to the previous stage and the dimensions of the filtering holes from cone to cone, made in a ratio of 1000: 100: 1, in the direction from the axis of rotation of the cones to the periphery, while the inner cone stage is made with perforation, the intermediate one is in the form of a microfilter, and the outer one is an ultrafilter, and the discharge system of each cone has feedback from the feed system through the pipeline.

The drawing shows a section of a General view of the device.

The device comprises a housing 1 with a capacity 2 for collecting the purified liquid and a pipe 3 for its discharge, a capacity 4 for collecting the unfiltered mass (centrate) and a pipe 5 connected via a pipeline 6 to the power supply system 7 of the device. The filtering element 8 contains a packet of conical surfaces installed concentrically and forming stages 9, 10, 11 of filtration with angles increasing depending on the composition and density of the treated solution by 1.2 ... 1.5 times at the top of each of the cones relative to the previous stage, and receiving forced rotation from the drive 12. Each stage is formed by filtering surfaces, which include openings characteristic of each of the stages: pre-treatment, micro- and ultrafiltration. The periphery of each of the steps (the base of the conical surface) is equipped with elements 13 for unloading unfiltered mass.

The device operates as follows. The initial cleaned liquid enters the feed system 7 under excessive hydrostatic pressure, from where, under the action of hydrostatic and gravitational forces resulting from the rotation of the package of conical filter surfaces 8, driven by the drive 12, it spreads over the surface of the first stage 9, in which the liquid is cleaned the level of pre-filtration through perforated holes comparable with the particles of the disperse system, and then penetrates the second stage 10 - microfiltration, the surface of which The swarm is formed by a complex porous structure obtained by, for example, powder metallurgy, and then to stage 11 — ultrafiltration, consisting of a fluoroplastic film treated with a stream of accelerated electrons on a microfilter frame, where the final cleaning of the filtered fluid is collected in tank 2, from which it assigned to the consumer through the pipe 3.

Unfiltered mass is discharged from each stage by a system of elements 13 located on the periphery of each stage, which provide unloading of unfiltered mass to a container 4, which has a feedback 6 with the device power supply system 7 via a pipeline.

Thus, a closed cycle of liquid purification is implemented, in which its multiple circulation, a variable angle of taper of the steps of the filtering surfaces and their degree of filtration provide:

- a high coefficient of useful time and productivity of a device operating in a continuous mode of operation, and due to the presence of a velocity vector in the moving stream of the dispersed system, both in the radial and tangential directions, due to the difficult-portable motion of the vortex film stream distributed over the conical filter surface in proportion to the radius of rotation, in accordance with the considered filtration stage (with the corresponding taper angle φ);

- the conditions of self-cleaning of the filtering surfaces when creating a vortex motion regime of the film flow of the filtered liquid and various values of the taper angle φ of the filtering surfaces, as well as peripheral outlet channels;

- a given degree of liquid purification due to multi-stage filtration of concentrically connected filter surfaces that make up the sequence of the filtration process from direct filtration to microfiltration and ultrafiltration.

, где r - радиус вращения фильтрующей поверхности; g - ускорение свободного падения), углом конусности φ фильтрующих поверхностей, определяющего скорость восходящего вихревого движения пленки жидкости по фильтрующей поверхности, а также радиальную составляющую полной гидродинамической силы, определяющей проникающую способность элементарной частицы через поры фильтрующей поверхности в зависимости от плотности жидкости, зависящей от степени ее загрязнения. При этом увеличение в 1,2...1,5 раза угла φ конусности каждой из ступеней относительно предыдущей дает возможность повышения производительности фильтра за счет интенсивного увеличения центробежных сил, действующих на отделяемые из раствора частицы в зависимости от состава и плотности обрабатываемой жидкости, что обеспечивается ростом окружной составляющей полной скорости их перемещения в зависимости от высоты конусной поверхности каждой из ступеней.In this case, the device performance and the efficiency of liquid cleaning are determined by the angular velocity ω of rotation of the filter surfaces (separation factor

where r is the radius of rotation of the filter surface; g is the gravitational acceleration), the taper angle φ of the filter surfaces, which determines the speed of the upward vortex motion of the liquid film along the filter surface, as well as the radial component of the total hydrodynamic force, which determines the penetration of an elementary particle through the pores of the filter surface, depending on the density of the liquid, depending on the degree its pollution. Moreover, an increase of 1.2 ... 1.5 times the cone angle φ of each of the steps relative to the previous one makes it possible to increase the filter performance due to the intensive increase in centrifugal forces acting on the particles separated from the solution depending on the composition and density of the processed fluid, which provided by the growth of the circumferential component of the full speed of their movement, depending on the height of the conical surface of each of the steps.

Thus, the system that provides the process for purifying liquids from dispersed impurities forms a closed circulation circuit that eliminates the negative impact of the used process media on the environment and on working conditions during the operation of equipment in production.

Sources of information

1. Vinogradova M.G. Centrifugal liquid thin layer and thin channel separation. - St. Petersburg: Nedra, 1997, 173 p.

2. USSR author's certificate No. 1389815, MKI B 01 D 33/02, 1986.

3. USSR author's certificate No. 1632943, MKI C 02 F 1/00, B 01 D 21/00, 1991.

Claims (1)

A device for cleaning liquid from dispersed impurities, comprising a housing, a cone-shaped filter surface, a forced rotation system, a power supply, collection and unloading system of liquid with nozzles, characterized in that the filter surface additionally has two concentric mounted conical surfaces with an increase of 1.2 h1 , 5 times the angles at the apex of each of the cones relative to the previous step and the dimensions of the filter holes from cone to cone, made in a ratio of 1000: 100: 1, in the direction from B of rotation to the periphery cones, the inner cone is formed with perforation step, intermediate - a microfilter and external - is an ultrafilter, and the discharge system of each cone has an inverse relationship with the power system through a pipeline.

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